Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:55:27.737Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

19 - The Search for Glacially Induced Faults in Eastern Canada

from Part V - Glacially Triggered Faulting Outside Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2021

By
John Adams  and
Gregory R. Brooks
Edited by
Holger Steffen ,
Odleiv Olesen  and
Raimo Sutinen
Holger Steffen
Affiliation:
Lantmäteriet, Sweden
Odleiv Olesen
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Norway
Raimo Sutinen
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Finland
Get access

Summary

There is abundant evidence for high levels of seismic activity during deglaciation of Eastern Canada, suggesting that the seismic response of Eastern Canada to deglaciation is analogous to Fennoscandia, where numerous glacially induced faults have been confirmed. However, the Canadian record of glacially induced faults is scant. The two probable glacially induced faults that are described are few compared to the 100+ surface ruptures that are expected on statistical grounds. Alternative explanations to account for the small number of known ruptures are provided together with an interpretation of certain normal faulting that has been observed in glaciolacustrine sediments. It is recommended that the interpretation of prospective glacially induced fault features utilize a sceptical approach employing judgemental scales that reflect data limitations and associated uncertainties.

Keywords

Eastern CanadaPalaeoseismologyNeotectonicsSeismicitySurface RuptureHoly Grail FaultRound LakeGlaciolacustrine SedimentsDigital Elevation Model
Type
Chapter
Information
Glacially-Triggered Faulting , pp. 341 - 352
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, J. (2005). On the probable rate of magnitude ≥ 6 earthquakes close to a Swedish site during a glacial cycle. Appendix 5. In Hora, S. and Mikael, J., eds., Expert Panel Elicitation of Seismicity Following Glaciation in Sweden. Swedish Radiation Protection Authority, No. SSI--2005-20, pp. 33–60.Google Scholar
Adams, J., Wetmiller, R. J., Hasegawa, H. S. and Drysdale, J. (1991). The first surface faulting from a historical intraplate earthquake in North America. Nature, 352, 617–619, doi.org/10.1038/352617a0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ager, J. A. and Trowell, N. F. (2000). Geological compilation of the Kirkland Lake area, Abitibi greenstone belt. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map Series, scale 1:100,000, P3425.Google Scholar
Brooks, G. R. (2016). Evidence of late glacial paleoseismicity from mass transport deposits within Lac Dasserat, northwestern Quebec, Canada. Quaternary Research, 86, 184–199, doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2016.06.005.Google Scholar
Brooks, G. R. (2018). Deglacial record of paleoearthquakes interpreted from mass transport deposits at three lakes near Rouyn-Noranda, northwestern Quebec, Canada. Sedimentology, 65, 2439–2467, doi.org/10.1111/sed.12473.Google Scholar
Brooks, G. R. (2020). Evidence of a strong paleoearthquake in ∼9.1 ka cal BP interpreted from mass transport deposits, northeastern Ontario – western Quebec, Canada. Quaternary Science Reviews, 234, doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106250.Google Scholar
Brooks, G. R. and Adams, J. (2020). A review of evidence of glacially-induced faulting and seismic shaking in southeastern Canada. Quaternary Science Reviews, 228, doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, G. R. and Pugin, A. J.-M. (2019). Assessment of a seismo-neotectonic origin for the New Liskeard–Thornloe scarp, Timiskaming graben, northeastern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(2), 267–274, doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0036.Google Scholar
Craig, T. J., Calais, E., Fleitout, L., Bollinger, L. and Scotti, O. (2016). Evidence for the release of long-term tectonic strain stored in continental interiors through intraplate earthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069359.Google Scholar
Dyke, A. S. (2004). An outline of North American deglaciation with emphasis on central and northern Canada. In Ehlers, J. and Gibbard, P. L., eds., Quaternary Glaciations – Extent and Chronology, Part II: North America. Developments in Quaternary Science, Vol. 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 373–424, doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80209-4.Google Scholar
Erslev, E. A. (1991). Trishear fault-propagation folding. Geology, 19(6), 617–620, doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0617:TFPF>2.3.CO;2.Google Scholar
Fenton, C. H., Adams, J. and Halchuk, S. (2006). Seismic hazards assessment for radioactive waste disposal sites in regions of low seismic activity. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 24, 579–592, doi.org/10.1007/s10706-005-1148-4.Google Scholar
Godin, L., Brown, R. L., Dreimanis, A., Atkinson, G. M. and Armstrong, D. K. (2002). Analysis and reinterpretation of deformation features in the Rouge River valley, Scarborough, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 39, 1373–1391, doi.org/10.1139/e02-059.Google Scholar
Jakobsson, M., Björck, S., O’Regan, M. et al.(2014). Major earthquake at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in Lake Vättern, southern Sweden. Geology, 42, 379–382. Data Repository item 2014142, doi.org/10.1130/G35499.1.Google Scholar
Johnston, A.C. (1987). Suppression of earthquakes by large continental ice sheets. Nature, 330, 467–469, doi.org/10.1038/330467a0.Google Scholar
Lagerbäck, R. and Sundh, M. (2008). Early Holocene Faulting and Paleoseismicity in Northern Sweden. Geological Survey of Sweden Research Paper Series C, Volume 836, 80 pp.Google Scholar
Ma, S., Eaton, D. W. and Adams, J. (2008). Intraplate seismicity of a recently deglaciated shield terrane: a case study from Northern Ontario, Canada. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 98, 2828–2848, doi.org/10.1785/0120080134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manitoba Energy and Mines (1989). Bedrock Geology Compilation Map Series, preliminary edition, Nelson House, NTS 63-O.Google Scholar
McMartin, I. (1997). Surficial geology, Wuskatasko River area, Manitoba. Geological Survey of Canada Open File, 3324, doi.org/10.4095/208906.Google Scholar
McMartin, I. (2000). Paleogeography of Lake Agassiz and regional post-glacial uplift history of the Flin Flon region, central Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Journal of Paleolimnology, 24, 293–315, doi.org/10.1023/A:1008127123310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikko, H., Smith, C. A., Lund, B., Ask, M. V. S. and Munier, R. (2015). LiDAR-derived inventory of post-glacial fault scarps in Sweden. GFF, 137, 334–338, doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2015.1036360.Google Scholar
Muir Wood, R. (1993). A Review of Seismotectonics of Sweden. SKB Technical Report TR 93-13, Stockholm, 243 pp.Google Scholar
Olesen, O., Blikra, L. H., Braathen, A. et al. (2004). Neotectonic deformation in Norway and its implications: a review. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 84, 3–34.Google Scholar
Redfield, T. F. and Hermanns, R. L. (2016). Gravitational slope deformation, not neotectonics: Revisiting the Nordmannvikdalen feature of northern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 96, 1–29, doi.org/10.17850/njg96-3-05.Google Scholar
Smith, C. A., Sundh, M. and Mikko, H. (2014). Surficial geology indicates early Holocene faulting and seismicity, central Sweden. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 103, 1711–1724, doi.org/10.1007/s00531–014-1025-6.Google Scholar
Steffen, R., Wu, P., Steffen, H. and Eaton, D. W. (2014). The effect of earth rheology and ice-sheet size on fault slip and magnitude of postglacial earthquakes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 388, 71–80, doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutinen, R., Hyvönen, E., Middleton, M. and Ruskeeniemi, T. (2014). Airborne LiDAR detection of postglacial faults and Pulju moraine in Palojärvi, Finnish Lapland. Global and Planetary Change, 115, 24–32, doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.01.007.Google Scholar
Trommelen, M. S. (2014). Surficial point and line features of the Nelson House map sheet (NTS 63O), Manitoba. Manitoba Mineral Resources, Manitoba Geological Survey Surficial Geology Compilation Map Series SG-GF2013–63O.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×