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Chapter 15 - Traumatic Brain Injury

from Section 3 - Specific Neurological Disorders in Emergency Medicine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2024

By
Moira Davenport  and
James E. Wilberger
Edited by
Thomas P. Campbell  and
Kevin M. Kelly
Thomas P. Campbell
Affiliation:
Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh
Kevin M. Kelly
Affiliation:
Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh
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Summary

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasingly common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Rates of emergency department visits for TBI rose 70% between 2001 and 2010, with an estimated 2.5 million patients/year seeking emergency care, highlighting the increased focus on early identification and treatment of brain injuries. Hospital admission rates for TBI rose 11% in this time frame while deaths decreased 7%. Despite improvements in the management of TBI, 50,000 people die each year from this trauma (30% of all trauma related deaths in the United States). Falls are the most common mechanism of TBI, followed by blunt trauma, motor vehicle collisions, and assault. Men are three times more likely to sustain a TBI than their female counterparts, whereas the very young (<4 years old) and older patients (>65 years old) are more likely to sustain head trauma than those of other ages.

Keywords

traumatic brain injuryGlasgow Coma Scaleconcussionsubdural hemorrhageepidural hemorrhageintracranial pressureanticoagulation reversal
Type
Chapter
Information
Handbook of Emergency Neurology , pp. 227 - 234
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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