Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T16:10:21.794Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Mudbricks and Papyri from the Desert Sand

Housing in the Ptolemaic and Roman Fayum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 July 2022

By
Inge Uytterhoeven
Edited by
J. A. Baird  and
April Pudsey
J. A. Baird
Affiliation:
Birkbeck College, University of London
April Pudsey
Affiliation:
Manchester Metropolitan University
Get access

Summary

The Fayum oasis is key to our knowledge of houses in Roman Egypt. The villages and necropolises there have long attracted investigators focusing – in a more or less scientific way – on written documents, especially papyri, and material remains. Recently renewed research, including surveys and excavations, has supplemented the earlier evidence with new archaeological and textual data of the Hellenistic and Roman occupation of the area. This chapter gives an overview of what is known of the housing of the Fayum during that time. By integrating archaeological housing evidence from Fayum sites with papyrological information, this chapter aims to demonstrate that only an approach taking into account both the material and textual sources can result in a comprehensive picture of the appearance, layout, value, inhabitants and occupation history of individual buildings (for example, change of ownership through sale or the division of a single house among various house owners) within the context of entire village quarters. Moreover, this interdisciplinary method allows an improved understanding of the house types that coexisted on the Fayum sites during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, and situates the Fayum evidence in the context of housing in the Graeco-Roman Mediterranean.

Keywords

FayummudbrickPtolemaic EgyptRoman EgyptpapyriKaranisTebtynisSoknopaiou Nesos
Type
Chapter
Information
Housing in the Ancient Mediterranean World
Material and Textual Approaches
 , pp. 261 - 299
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdelwahed, Y. E. H. (2016). Houses in Graeco-Roman Egypt: Arenas for Ritual Activity. Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alston, R. (1997). Houses and households in Roman Egypt. In Laurence, R. and Wallace-Hadrill, A., eds., Domestic Space in the Roman World: Pompeii and Beyond. Portsmouth, RI: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 25–39.Google Scholar
Alston, R. (2007). Some theoretical considerations and a Late Antique house from Roman Egypt. In Westgate, R., Fisher, N. and Whitley, J., eds., Building Communities: House, Settlement and Society in the Aegean and Beyond. London: British School at Athens Studies 15, 373–78.Google Scholar
Alston, R. and Alston, R. D. (1997). Urbanism and the urban community in Roman Egypt. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 83, 199–216.Google Scholar
Andorlini, I. (2008). Old and new Greek papyri from Tebtunis in the Bancroft Library of Berkeley: work in progress. In Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds., Graeco-Roman Fayum: Texts and Archaeology. Proceedings of the Third International Fayum Symposion, Freudenstadt, May 29 – June 1, 2007. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1–13.Google Scholar
Andreou, A. (1989). Griechische Wanddekorationen. (Dissertation, Mainz University, Michelstadt).Google Scholar
Anti, C. (1933). Primi elementi per la cronologia delle costruzioni egiziane in mattoni (Scavi di Tebtunis). Atti della Societa Italiana per il Progresso delle Scienze 21(4), 69–73.Google Scholar
Arnold, F. (2001). Houses. In Redford, D. B., ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 122–27.Google Scholar
Bagnall, R. (2001). Archaeological work on Hellenistic and Roman Egypt, 1995–2000. American Journal of Archaeology 105(2), 227–43.Google Scholar
Bagnall, R. S. and Davoli, P. (2011). Archaeological work on Hellenistic and Roman Egypt, 2000–2009. American Journal of Archaeology 115(1), 103–57.Google Scholar
Bagnall, R. S. and Davoli, P. (2019). Papyrology, stratigraphy, and excavation methods. In Nodar, A. and Torallas Tovar, S., eds., Proceedings of the 28th International Congress of Papyrology, Barcelona 2016. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona: Scripta Orientalia 3, 717–24.Google Scholar
Bagnall, R. S. and Frier, B. W. (1994). The Demography of Roman Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bagnall, R. S. and Rathbone, D. W., eds. (2004). Egypt from Alexander to the Copts: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. London: The British Museum Press.Google Scholar
Bailey, D. M. (1990). Classical architecture in Roman Egypt. In Henig, M., ed., Architecture and Architectural Sculpture in the Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology (Monograph 29), 121–37.Google Scholar
Bąkowska-Czerner, G. and Czerner, R. (2019). Marina el-Alamein, Greco-Roman town in Egypt. In Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner, G. and Czerner, R., eds., Greco-Roman Cities at the Crossroads of Cultures: The 20th Anniversary of Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein. Oxford: Archaeopress, 19–39.Google Scholar
Barnard, H., Wendrich, W. Z., Nigra, B. T., Simpson, B. L. and Cappers, R. T. J. (2015). The fourth-century AD expansion of the Graeco-Roman settlement of Karanis (Kom Aushim) in the Northern Fayum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 101, 51–67.Google Scholar
Barnard, H., Wendrich, W. Z., Winkels, A., Bos, J. E. M. F., Simpson, B. L. and Cappers, R. T. J. (2016). The preservation of exposed mudbrick architecture in Karanis (Kom Aushim). Egypt. Journal of Field Archaeology 41(1), 84–100.Google Scholar
Barrett, C. (2018). ‘Better to Dwell in Your Own Small House’: Households of Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt in Context. Conference Schedule and Abstracts A.D. White House, Cornell University Friday April 27 – Saturday April 28, 2018. Ithaca, NY. https://blogs.cornell.edu/householdsincontext.Google Scholar
Begg, D. J. I. (1998). It was wonderful, our return in the darkness with … the baskets of papyri! Papyrus finds at Tebtunis from the Bagnani Archives, 1931–1936. Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 35, 185–210.Google Scholar
Begg, D. J. I. (2008). Gilbert Bagnani’s role in discovering and excavating Medinet Madi. The 59th Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt, Grand Hyatt Seattle, Seattle, WA, April 25, 2008.Google Scholar
Boak, A. E. R. (1933). Karanis. The Temples, Coin Hoards, Botanical and Zoological Reports. Seasons 1924–31. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Boak, A. E. R. (1935). Soknopaiou Nesos. The University of Michigan Excavations at Dimê in 1931–32. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boak, A. E. R. and Peterson, E. E. (1931). Karanis. Topographical and Architectural Report of Excavations during the Seasons 1924–1928. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boozer, A. L. (2012). Globalizing Mediterranean identities: the overlapping spheres of Egyptian, Greek and Roman worlds at Trimithis. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 25(2), 219–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boozer, A. L. (2014). Urban change at Late Roman Trimithis (Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt). In O’Connell, E., ed., Egypt in the First Millennium AD: Perspectives from New Fieldwork. Leuven: Peeters, 23–42.Google Scholar
Boozer, A. L. (2015). A Late Romano-Egyptian House in the Dakhla Oasis: Amheida House B2. Amheida, 2. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Boozer, A. L. (2017). Towards an archaeology of household relationships in Roman Egypt. In Huebner, S. R and Nathan, G. S., eds., Mediterranean Families in Antiquity: Households, Extended Families, and Domestic Space. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 174–203.Google Scholar
Boozer, A. L. (2019). Cultural identity: housing and burial practices. In Vandorpe, K., ed., A Companion to Greco-Roman and Late Antique Egypt. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 361–79.Google Scholar
Bowman, A. (2011). Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt: Population and settlement. In Bowman, A. and Wilson, A., eds., Settlement, Urbanization, and Population. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 317–58.Google Scholar
Bresciani, E. (1976). Rapporto preliminare delle campagne di scavo 1968 e 1969. Milan: Istituto editoriale Cisalpino-La goliardica.Google Scholar
Bresciani, E. (2001). Rapporto di scavo sulla missione archeologica a Medinet Madi nel Fayum nell’autunno 2000. Le case della collina. Egitto e Vicino Oriente 24, 65–70.Google Scholar
Bresciani, E. (2002). Preliminary report of the archeological mission at Medinet Madi (Faiyum) and at Khelwa in Autumn 2001, Pisa University, with Messina and Trieste Universities. Egitto e Vicino Oriente 25, 155–62.Google Scholar
Bresciani, E., Giammarusti, A., Pintaudi, R. and Silvano, F., eds., (2006). Medinet Madi: venti anni di esplorazione archeologica 1984–2005. Pisa.Google Scholar
Bresciani, E., Radwan, A., Giammarusti, A., el-Leithy, H. and Siliotti, A., eds. (2010). Medinet Madi: Archaeological Guide. Verona.Google Scholar
Broux, Y. (2016). Detecting settlement communities in Graeco-Roman Egypt. Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 53, 295–313.Google Scholar
Buzi, P. (2007). Bakchias tardo-antica: la chiesa del kom sud. Aegyptus 87, 377–91.Google Scholar
Buzi, P. (2020a). Bakchias in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. In Buzi, P. and Giorgi, E., eds., The Urban Landscape of Bakchias: A Town of the Fayyūm from the Ptolemaic–Roman Period to Late Antiquity. Oxford: Archaeopress, 81–96.Google Scholar
Buzi, P. (2020b). Bakchias: its rediscovery, its cults. In Buzi, P. and Giorgi, E., eds., The Urban Landscape of Bakchias: A Town of the Fayyūm from the Ptolemaic–Roman Period to Late Antiquity. Oxford: Archaeopress, 5–17.Google Scholar
Capasso, M. (1999). Sei anni di scavo a Bakchias (1993–1998): Bilancio papirologico. Papyrologica Lupiensia 8, 11–26.Google Scholar
Capasso, M. (2005). Alcuni papiri figurati magici recentemente trovati a Soknopaiou Nesos. In Capasso, M. and Davoli, P., eds., New Archaeological and Papyrological Researches on the Fayyum. Proceedings of the International Meeting of Egyptology and Papyrology = Papyrologica Lupiensia 14, 49–66.Google Scholar
Capasso, M. (2010). Soknopaiou Nesos 2004–2006. In Gagos, T. and. Hyatt, A., eds., Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Papyrology, Ann Arbor 2007. Ann Arbor: American Studies in Papyrology, 105–108.Google Scholar
Capasso, M. and Davoli, P., eds. (2006). New Archaeological and Papyrological Researches on the Fayum. Papyrologica Lupiensia14. Lecce.Google Scholar
Clarysse, W. and Thompson, D. (2006). Counting the People in Hellenistic Egypt. Volume II. Historical Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cuvigny, H. (2009). The finds of papyri: the archaeology of papyrology. In Bagnall, R. S. ed., The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 30–58.Google Scholar
Daszewski, W. A. (2019). Greco-Roman cities at the crossroads of cultures – Marina el-Alamein in Egypt. In Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner, G. and Czerner, R., eds., Greco-Roman Cities at the Crossroads of Cultures: The 20th Anniversary of Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein. Oxford: Archaeopress, 1–6.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (1997). Problemi dell’archeologia dell’Herakleides. Akten des 21. Internationales Papyrologenkongress, Berlin 1995. Archiv für Papyrusforschung, Beiheft 3. Leipzig: Schwabe & Co., 204–16.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (1998). L’archeologia urbana nel Fayum di eta ellenistica e romana. Napoli: Missioni congiunta delle Università di Bologna e di Lecce in Egitto Monograph 1. Bologna: Generoso Procaccini.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2001). Aspetti della topografia del Fayum in epoca ellenistica e romana. Atti del XXII Congresso Internazionale di Papiriologia, Firenze 1998 Istituto Papirologico ‘G. Vitelli’. Florence: Istituto Papirologico ‘G. Vitelli’, 353–59.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2003). New archaeological evidence from Bakchias (Kom Umm al-Atl, Fayum). In Hawass, Z. and Brock, L. Pinch, eds., Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century. Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Egyptologists, Cairo, 2000. Volume 1. Archaeology. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 147–53.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2005a). Examples of town planning in the Fayyum. Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 42, 213–34.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2005b). New excavations at Soknopaiou Nesos: the 2003 season. In Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds., Tebtynis und Soknopaiu Nesos – Leben im römerzeitlichen Fajum, Akten des Internationalen Symposions vom 11. bis 13. Dezember 2003 in Sommerhausen bei Würzburg. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 29–39.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2005c). Soknopaiou Nesos: i nuovi scavi dell’Università di Lecce, risultati e prospettive. In Crevatin, F. and Tedeschi, G., eds., Scrive Leggere Interpretare. Studi di Antichità in onore di Sergio Daris. Trieste: Università degli Studi di Trieste, 180–97.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2008a). Nuove risultati delle campagne di scavo 2004–2006 a Soknopaiou Nesos (Egitto). In Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds., Graeco-Roman Fayum: Texts and Archaeology. Proceedings of the Third International Fayum Symposion, Freudenstadt, May 29 – June 1, 2007. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 75–92.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2008b). Papiri, archeologia e storia moderna. Atene e Roma NS Seconda 1–2, 100–124.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2010a). Archaeological research in Roman Soknopaiou Nesos: results and perspectives. In Lembke, K., Minas-Nerpel, M. and Pfeiffer, S., eds., Tradition and Transformation: Egypt under Roman Rule. Proceedings of the International Conference, Hildesheim, Roemer- and Pelizaeus-Museum, 3–6 July 2008. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 41. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 53–77.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2010b). Settlements – distribution, structure, architecture: Graeco-Roman. In Lloyd, A. B., ed., A Companion to Ancient Egypt. Malden, MA, Oxford and Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 350–69.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2011). Reflections on urbanism in Graeco-Roman Egypt: a historical and regional perspective. In Subías, E., Azara, P., Carruesco, J., Fiz, I. and Cuesta, R., eds., The Space of the City in Graeco-Roman Egypt. Image and Reality. Tarragona: Institut Catalá d’Arqueologia Clássica, 69–92.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2012). The archaeology of the Fayum. In Riggs, C., ed., The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 152–70.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2014). Hellenistic and Roman Egypt, archaeology of. In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_1105/fulltext.html).Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2015a). Classical influences on the domestic architecture of the Graeco-Roman Fayyum sites. In Di Castro, A. A., Hope, C. A. and Parr, B. E., eds., Housing and Habitat in the Mediterranean World: Responses to Different Environments. International Archaeology Conference Organised by the Centre for Archaeology and Ancient History, Monash University and the Soprintendenza Archeologica per la Toscana Monash Prato Centre 29th June to 1st July 2011. Leuven: Bulletin Antieke Beschaving. Supplement 26, 173–84.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. (2015b). Papyri, archaeology, and modern history: a contextual study of the beginnings of papyrology and Egyptology. Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 52, 87–112.Google Scholar
Davoli, P. and Mohammed Ahmed, N. (2006). On some monuments from Kiman Fares (Medinet el-Fayyum). Studi di Egittologia e di Papirologia 3, 81–109.Google Scholar
Davoli, P., Chiesi, I., Occhi, S. and Raimondi, N. (2010). Soknopaiou Nesos Project: the resumption of the archaeological investigation. The settlement and its territory. In Gagos, T. and Hyatt, A., eds., Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Papyrology, Ann Arbor 2007: American Studies in Papyrology, 149–64.Google Scholar
De Maria, S., Campagnoli, P., Giorgi, E. and Lepore, G. (2006). Topografia e urbanistica di Soknopaiou Nesos. Fayyum Studies 2, 23–90.Google Scholar
Depraetere, D. (2002). A comparative study on the construction and the use of the domestic bread oven in Egypt during the Graeco-Roman and late antique/early Byzantine period. MDAİ Kairo 58, 119–56.Google Scholar
Di Cerbo, C. (2004). Neue demotische Texte aus Tebtynis. In Hoffmann, F. and Thiessen, A. J., eds., Res severa verum gaudium. Festschrift für Karl-Theodor Zauzich zum 65. Geburtstag am 8. Juni 2004. Leuven: Peeters, 109–19.Google Scholar
Frankfurter, D. (2016). The spaces of domestic religion in Late Antique Egypt. Archiv für Religionsgeschichte 18–19, 1. (https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2016-0002.)Google Scholar
Friesem, D., Boaretto, E., Eliyahu-Behar, A. and Shahack-Gross, R. (2011). Degradation of mud brick houses in an arid environment: a geoarchaeological model. Journal of Archaeological Science 38, 1135–47.Google Scholar
Gabra, G., ed. (2005). Christianity and Monasticism in the Fayoum Oasis. Essays from the 2004 International Symposium of the Saint Mark Foundation and the Saint Shenouda the Archimandrite Coptic Society in Honor of Martin Krause. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.Google Scholar
Gagos, T., Gates, J. E. and Wilburn, A. T. (2005). Material culture and texts of Graeco-Roman Egypt: creating context, debating meaning. Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 42, 171–88.Google Scholar
Gale, R., Gasson, P., Hepper, N. and Killen, G. (2000). Wood. In Nicholson, P. T. and Shaw, I., eds., Ancient Egyptian Materials and Techniques. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 334–71.Google Scholar
Gallazzi, C. (1990). La ‘Cantina dei Papiri’ di Tebtynis e ciò che essa conteneva. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 80, 283–8.Google Scholar
Gallazzi, C. (1994). Trouvera-t-on encore des papyrus en 2042? In Bulow-Jacobsen, A., ed., Proceedings of the 20th International Congress of Papyrologists. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 131–35.Google Scholar
Gallazzi, C. (1995). La ripresa degli scavi a Umm-el-Breigât (Tebtynis) Acme 48, 3–24.Google Scholar
Gallazzi, C. (1999). Further surprises from Tebtynis. Egyptian Archaeology 14, 16–17.Google Scholar
Gallazzi, C. (2000). Nuovi ritrovamenti di papiri ed ostraka: il caso di Tebtynis. In Clarysse, W. and Verreth, H., eds., Papyrus Collections World Wide. Brussels: Vlaams Kennis-en Cultuurforum, 101–106.Google Scholar
Gallazzi, C. (2012). Trouvera-t-on encore des papyrus en 2042? In Schubert, P., ed., Actes du 26e congrès international de papyrologie. Genève, 16–21 août 2010, Recherches et rencontres. Geneva: Publications de la Faculté des Lettres de l’Université de Genève 30, 275–82.Google Scholar
Gallazzi, C. and Hadji-Minaglou, G.(1989). Fouilles anciennes et nouvelles sur le site de Tebtynis. Bulletin de l’Institut Française d’Archéologie Orientale 89, 179–91.Google Scholar
Gallazzi, C. and Hadji-Minaglou, , (2000). Tebtynius I. La reprise des fouilles et le quartier de la chapelle d’Isis-Thermouthis. Cairo: Institut française d’archéologie orientale.Giammarusti, A. (2006). La citta. In E. Bresciani, A. Giammarusti, R. Pintaudi and F. Silvano, eds., Medinet Madi. Venti anni di esplorazione archeologica. 1984– 2005. Pisa: Universita di Pisa, 252– 61.Google Scholar
Giorgi, E. (2011). Riflessioni sull’urbanistica di Bakchias. In Buzi, P., Picchi, D. and Zecchi, M., eds., Aegyptiaca et Coptica. Studi in onore di Sergio Pernigotti. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series, 183–94.Google Scholar
Giorgi, E. (2020a). The genesis and urban development of Bakchias. In Buzi, P. and Giorgi, E., eds., The Urban Landscape of Bakchias: A Town of the Fayyūm from the Ptolemaic–Roman Period to Late Antiquity. Oxford: Archaeopress, 21–37.Google Scholar
Giorgi, E. (2020b). The Northern District. In Buzi, P. and Giorgi, E., eds., The Urban Landscape of Bakchias: A Town of the Fayyūm from the Ptolemaic–Roman Period to Late Antiquity. Oxford: Archaeopress, 55–64.Google Scholar
Grenfell, B. P. and Hunt, A. S. (1901). C. Graeco-Roman branch. Excavations in the Fayûm. Egypt Exploration Fund. Archaeological Report 1900–1901, 4–7.Google Scholar
Grenfell, B. P., Hunt, A. S. and Hogarth, D. G. (1900). Fayûm Towns and Their Papyri. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 17–26.Google Scholar
Guermeur, I. (2008). Les nouveaux papyrus hiératiques exhumés sur le site de Tebtynis: un aperçu. In Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds., Graeco-Roman Fayum: Texts and Archaeology. Proceedings of the Third International Fayum Symposion, Freudenstadt, May 29 – June 1, 2007. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 113–22.Google Scholar
Hadji-Minaglou, G. (1995). Tebtynis et l’urbanisme gréco-romain dans le Fayoum. Topoi 5, 111–18.Google Scholar
Hadji-Minaglou, G. (2007). Les habitations à l’est du temple de Soknebtynis. Cairo : Fouilles de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale du Caire 56 – Fouilles franco-italiennes Tebtynis 4.Google Scholar
Hadji-Minaglou, G. (2008). L’habitat à Tebtynis à la lumière des fouilles récentes: Ier s. av. –Ier s. apr. J.-C.. In Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds. Graeco-Roman Fayum: Texts and Archaeology. Proceedings of the Third International Fayum Symposion, Freudenstadt, May 29 – June 1, 2007. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 123–33.Google Scholar
Hanson, A. E. (2001). Papyrology: minding other people’s business. Transactions of the American Philological Association 131, 297–313.Google Scholar
Hobson, D. W. (1983). Women as property owners in Roman Egypt. Transactions of the American Philological Association 113, 311–21Google Scholar
Hobson, D. W. (1995). House and Household in Roman Egypt. Yale Classical Studies 28, 211–29.Google Scholar
Hope, C. (2009). Ismant el-Kharab: an elite Roman Period residence. Egyptian Archaeology 34, 20–24.Google Scholar
Huebner, S. R. (2013). The Family in Roman Egypt: A Comparative Approach to Intergenerational Solidarity and Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Husselman, E. M. (1953). The dovecotes of Karanis. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 84, 81–91.Google Scholar
Husselman, E. M. (1979). Karanis. Excavations of the University of Michigan in Egypt 1928–1935. Topography and Architecture. A Summary of the Reports of the Director, Enoch E. Peterson. Kelsey Museum of Archaeology Studies Vol. 5. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Husson, G. (1983). Oikia: le vocabulaire de la maison privée en Egypte d’après les papyrus grecs. Paris : Université de Paris IV – Paris/Sorbonne – Série ‘Papyrologie’ 2.Google Scholar
Jördens, A. (2005). Griechische Papyri in Soknopaiu Nesos. In Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds., Tebtynis und Soknopaiu Nesos – Leben im römerzeitlichen Fajum, Akten des Internationalen Symposions vom 11. bis 13. Dezember 2003 in Sommerhausen bei Würzburg. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 41–56.Google Scholar
Keatings, K., Tassie, G. J., Flower, R. J., Hassan, F. A., Hamdan, M. A. R., Hughes, M. and Arrowsmith, C. (2007). An examination of groundwater within the Hawara Pyramid, Egypt. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal 22(5), 533–54.Google Scholar
Khalifa, M. A. and El-Khateeb, S. M. (2011). Fayoum Oasis between problems and potentials: towards enhancing ecotourism in Egypt. URBENVIRON CAIRO 2011. 4th International Congress on Environmental Planning and Management. Green Cities: A Path to Sustainability. December 10–13, 2011. Cairo: Cairo and El-Gouna, Egypt, 1–16.Google Scholar
Kirby, C. and Rathbone, D. (1996). Kom Talit: the rise and fall of a Greek town in the Faiyum. Egyptian Archaeology 8, 29–31.Google Scholar
Kołątaj, W., Majcherek, G. and Parandowska, E. (2007). Villa of the Birds: The Excavation and Preservation of the Kom al-Dikka Mosaics. American Research Center in Egypt Conservation Series 3. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.Google Scholar
Langellotti, M. (2020). Village Life in Roman Egypt: Tebtunis in the First Century AD. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lesko, B. S. (2008). Household and domestic religion in ancient Egypt. In Bodel, J. and Olyan, S. M., eds., Household and Family Religion in Antiquity. Malden, MA, Oxford and Victoria: Wiley-Blackwell, 197–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lippert, S. L. (2010). Seeing the whole picture: why reading Greek texts from Soknopaiou Nesos is not enough. In Gagos, T. and Hyatt, A., eds., Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Papyrology, Ann Arbor 2007. American Studies in Papyrology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 427–34.Google Scholar
Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds. (2005). Tebtynis und Soknopaiu Nesos – Leben im römerzeitlichen Fajum, Akten des Internationalen Symposions vom 11. bis 13. Dezember 2003 in Sommerhausen bei Würzburg. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., (2008). Graeco-Roman Fayum: Texts and Archaeology. Proceedings of the Third International Fayum Symposion, Freudenstadt, May 29 – June 1, 2007. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Litinas, N. (2008). Tebtynis III. Vessels’ Annotations from Tebtynis. Cairo: Fouilles Franco Italiennes.Google Scholar
Luckhard, F. (1914). Das Privathaus im ptolemäischen und römischen Ägypten (PhD dissertation, Giessen).Google Scholar
McFadden, S. (2010). Art on the edge: the Late Roman wall paintings of Amheida, Egypt. In Zimmermann, N., ed., Antike Malerei zwischen Lokalstil und Zeitstil. Akten des XI. Internationalen Kolloquiums der AIPMA (Association Internationale pour la Peinture Murale Antique) – 13.–17. September 2010 in Ephesos. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. Denkschriften 468 / Archäologische Forschungen 23. Vienna, 359–70.Google Scholar
Maehler, H. (1983). Häuser und ihre Bewohner im Fayum in der Kaiserzeit. Das römisch-byzantinische Ägypten: Akten des internationalen Symposions 26.–30. September 1978 in Trier. Mainz am Rhein: Aegyptiaca Treverensia 2, 119–37.Google Scholar
Majcherek, G. (1995). Notes on the Alexandrian habitat: Roman and Byzantine houses from Kom el-Dikka. Topoi 5, 133–50.Google Scholar
Majcherek, G. (2010). The Auditoria on Kom el-Dikka: a glimpse of Late Antique education in Alexandria. In Traianos, G., ed., Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Papyrology, Ann Arbor 2007. American Studies in Papyrology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 471–84.Google Scholar
Malouta, M. (2010). Texts in context: a methodological case study in the topography of Talei. In Traianos, G., ed., Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Papyrology, Ann Arbor 2007. American Studies in Papyrology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 485–92.Google Scholar
Malouta, M. (2012). Families, households and children. In Riggs, C. ed., The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 288–304.Google Scholar
Manning, J. G. (2005). Texts, contexts, subtexts and interpretative frameworks: beyond the parochial and toward (dynamic) modelling of the Ptolemaic economy. Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 42, 235–56.Google Scholar
Marouard, G. (2008). Rues et habitats dans les villages de la chôra égyptienne à la période gréco-romaine (IIIe s. av.–IVe s. apr. J.-C.): quelques exemples du fayoum (nome arsinoïte). In Ballet, P., Dieudonné-Glad, N. and Saliou, C., eds., La rue dans l’Antiquité. Définition, aménagement et devenir de l’Orient méditerranéen à la Gaule. Actes du Colloque de Poitiers, 7–9 septembre 2006 organisé par l’équipe d’accueil EA 3811 (HeRMA), Université de Poitiers. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 117–28.Google Scholar
Mielsch, H. (2001). Römische Wandmalerei. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.Google Scholar
Monson, A. (2013). Greeks in an Egyptian landscape: the Faiyum under Ptolemaic and Roman rule. In Beinlich, H., Schulz, R. and Wieczorek, A., eds., Egypt’s Mysterious Book of the Faiyum. Dettelbach: J.H. Röll Verlag, 89–103.Google Scholar
Montserrat, D. (1996). ‘No papyri and no portraits’: Hogarth, Grenfell and the first season in the Fayum 1895–6. Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 33, 133–76.Google Scholar
Moreland, J. (2006). Archaeology and texts: subservience or enlightenment? Annual Review of Anthropology 35, 135–51.Google Scholar
Morgenstein, M. E. and Redmount, C. A. (1998). Mudbrick typology, sources, and sedimentological composition: a case study from Tell el-Muqdam, Egyptian Delta. Journal of the American Research Centre in Egypt 35, 129–46.Google Scholar
Muhs, B. (2008). Fraction of houses in Ptolemaic Hawara. In Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds., Graeco-Roman Fayum: Texts and Archaeology. Proceedings of the Third International Fayum Symposion, Freudenstadt, May 29–June 1, 2007. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 187–97.Google Scholar
Muhs, B. (2010). A Late Ptolemaic grapheion archive in Berkeley. In T. Gagos, ed., Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Papyrology. Ann Arbor, 581–88.Google Scholar
Müller, K. (2006). Settlements of the Ptolemies: City Foundations and New Settlement in the Hellenistic World. Studia Hellenistica 43. Leuven, Paris and Dudley, MA: Peeters.Google Scholar
Müller, K. (2011). Past and present population trends in the Fayyum region. in Subías, E., Azara, P., Carruesco, J., Fiz, I. and Cuesta, R., eds., The Space of the City in Graeco-Roman Egypt: Image and Reality. Tarragona: Institut Catalá d’Arqueologia Clássica, 129–43.Google Scholar
Müller, K. and Lee, W. (2005). From mess to matrix and beyond: estimating the size of settlements in the Ptolemaic Fayum/Egypt. Journal of Archaeological Science 32, 59–67.Google Scholar
Müller, K. and Lee, W. (2010). Domestic Space in Classical Antiquity: Key Themes in Ancient History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Müller, K. and Lee, W. (2011). Family and household, ancient history and archaeology: a case study from Roman Egypt. In Rawson, B., ed., A Companion to Families in the Greek and Roman World. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 15–31.Google Scholar
Nielsen, I. (1999). Hellenistic Palaces: Tradition and Renewal. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.Google Scholar
Nielsen, I. (2016). The fatherless and family structure in Roman Egypt. In Leão, D. F. and Thür, G., eds., Symposion 2015: Vorträge zur griechischen und hellenistischen Rechtsgeschichte (Coimbra, 1.–4. September 2015), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Documenta Antiqua – Antike Rechtsgeschichte 25. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 99–114.Google Scholar
Nowicka, M. (1969). La maison privee dans l’Egypte ptolémaïque. Bibliotheca Antiqua 9. Wrocław, Warsaw and Kraków: Zakład Narodowy im Ossolińskich.Google Scholar
Nowicka, M. (1984). Théophilos, peintre alexandrin, et son activité. In Bonacasa, N. and di Vita, A., eds., Alessandria e il mondo ellenisticoromano: Studi in onore di Achille Adriani, vol. 2. Rome: Bretschneider, 256–59.Google Scholar
Oates, D. (1990). Innovations in mud-brick: decorative and structural techniques in ancient Mesopotamia. World Archaeology 21(3), 388–406.Google Scholar
Paolucci, G. (2009). Edifici privati di Bakchias: studio preliminare. Fayyum Studies 3, 35–62.Google Scholar
Parkin, T. G. (2005). The ancient Greek and Roman worlds. In Thane, P., ed., The Long History of Old Age. London: Thames and Hudson, 31–69.Google Scholar
Pensabene, P. and Gasparini, E. (2019). Houses, architectural orders and opera sectilia: some reflections on the society of Cyrenaica and Egypt during the Imperial Period. In Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner, G. and Czerner, R., eds., Greco-Roman Cities at the Crossroads of Cultures: The 20th Anniversary of Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein. Oxford: Archaeopress, 174–93.Google Scholar
Pernigotti, S. (1999). Five seasons at Bakchias. Egyptian Archaeology 14, 26–27.Google Scholar
Pernigotti, S. (2005). Villaggi dell’Egitto antico I: Bakchias. Piccola Biblioteca di Egittologia 8. Imola: Edizioni La Mandragora.Google Scholar
Pernigotti, S. (2006). Villaggi dell’Egitto antico II: Soknopaiou Nesos. Piccola Biblioteca di Egittologia 9. Imola: Edizioni La Mandragora.Google Scholar
Pernigotti, S. (2007). Bakchias 2006: la quindicesima campagna di scavi. Aegyptus 87, 369–75.Google Scholar
Pernigotti, S. (2010). Archaeological research in Roman Bakchias: results and perspectives. In Lembke, K., Minas-Nerpel, M. and Pfeiffer, S., eds., Tradition and Transformation: Egypt under Roman Rule. Proceedings of the International Conference, Hildesheim, Roemer- and Pelizaeus-Museum, 3–6 July 2008. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 41. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 299–311.Google Scholar
Pernigotti, S. and Capasso, M. (1994). Bakchias. Una città del deserto egiziano che torna a vivere. La prima campagna di scavo della Missione archeologica delle Università degli Studi di Bologna e di Lecce nel Fayyum. Naples: Procaccini.Google Scholar
Pollard, N. (1998). The chronology and economic condition of Late Roman Karanis: an archaeological reassessment. Journal of the American Research Centre in Egypt 35, 147–62.Google Scholar
Pudsey, A. (2011). Nuptiality and the demographic life cycle of families in Roman Egypt. In Holleran, C. and Pudsey, A., eds. Demography and the Graeco-Roman World: New Insights and Approaches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 60–98.Google Scholar
Quenouille, N. (2004). Tebtynis im Spiegel neuer griechischer Papyri. In Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds., Tebtynis und Soknopaiu Nesos – Leben im römerzeitlichen Fajum, Akten des Internationalen Symposions vom 11. bis 13. Dezember 2003 in Sommerhausen bei Würzburg. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 117–30.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. (1990). Villages, land and population in Graeco-Roman Egypt. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 36, 103–42.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. (1996). Towards a historical topography of the Fayum. In Bailey, D. M., ed., Archaeological Research in Roman Egypt. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement, Ann Arbor: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 50–56.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. (1997). Surface survey and the settlement history of the ancient Fayum. In Archeologia e papiri nel Fayum. Storia della ricerca, problemi e prospettivi. Atti del convegno internazionale. Siracusa, 24–25 maggio 1996. Quaderni del Museo del Papiro – Siracusa 8. Syracuse, 7–19.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. (2001). Mapping the south-west Fayyum: sites and texts. In Atti del XXII Congresso Internazionale di Papiriologia, Firenze 1998 Istituto Papirologico ‘G. Vitelli’. Florence: Istituto Papirologico ‘G. Vitelli’, 1109–17.Google Scholar
Reiter, F. (2005). Symposia in Tebtynis. Zu den griechischen Ostraka aus den neuen Grabungen. In Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds., Tebtynis und Soknopaiu Nesos – Leben im römerzeitlichen Fajum, Akten des Internationalen Symposions vom 11. bis 13. Dezember 2003 in Sommerhausen bei Würzburg. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 131–40.Google Scholar
Rodziewicz, M. (1976). La céramique romaine tardive d’Alexandrie. Alexandrie 1. Varsovie: Éditions scientifiques de Pologne.Google Scholar
Rodziewicz, M. (1984). Les habitations romaines tardives d’Alexandrie: à la lumière des fouilles polonaises à Kôm el-Dikka. Alexandrie 3. Varsovie: Éditions Scientifiques de Pologne.Google Scholar
Römer, C. (2013). Why did the villages in the Themistou Meris die in the 4th century AD? In Arlt, C. and Stadler, A., eds., Das Fayyum in Hellenismus und Kaiserzeit. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 169–79.Google Scholar
Römer, C. (2015). Fayum, Ägypten: Das Fayum Survey Projekt. DAI e-Forschungsberichte 1, 22–23. (https://publications.dainst.org/journals/index.php/efb/article/view/1686/4595.)Google Scholar
Römer, C. (2019). The Fayoum Survey Project: The Themistou Meris. Volume A, The Archaeological and Papyrological Survey. Collectanea hellenistica - KVAB, 8. Leuven and Bristol: Peeters.Google Scholar
Römer, C. E., Brosch, P., el-Muhammad, S., Bailey, D. M. Kirby, C. and Obbink, D. (2004). Philoteris in the Themistou Meris: Report on the archaeological survey carried out as part of the Fayum Survey Project. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 147, 281–305.Google Scholar
Rossetti, I. (2013). Bakchias alla luce delle ultime scoperte: topografia e urbanistica. Aegyptus 93, 189–200.Google Scholar
Rossetti, I. (2017). Reshaping the urban space: Bakchias in Ptolemaic and Roman times. In Garagnani, S. and Gaucci, A., eds. Knowledge, Analysis and Innovative Methods for the Study and the Dissemination of Ancient Urban Areas – Proceedings of the KAINUA 2017 International Conference in Honour of Professor Giuseppe Sassatelli’s 70th Birthday (Bologna, 18–21 April 2017). Archeologia e Calcolatori 28:2. Bologna, 291–300.Google Scholar
Rubensohn, O. (1905). Aus griechisch-römischen Häusern des Fayum. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 20, 1–25.Google Scholar
Rumscheid, F. (2010). Fragen zur bürgerlich-hellenistischen Wohnkultur in Kleinasien. In Ladstätter, S. and Scheibelreiter, V., eds., Städtisches Wohnen im östlichen Mittelmeerraum 4. Jh. v. Chr.–1. Jh. n. Chr. Akten des internationalen Kolloquiums vom 24.–27. Oktober 2007 an der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 119–43.Google Scholar
Schentuleit, M. (2009). Nicht ohne Vormund? Frauen in römerzeitlichen bilinguen Urkunden aus Soknopaiu Nesos. In Eberhard, R., Kockelmann, H., Pfeiffer, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds., ‘…vor dem Papyrus sind alle gleich!’ Papyrologische Beiträge zu Ehren von Bärbel Kramer (P. Kramer). Archiv für Papyrusforschung Beiheft 27. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 192–212.Google Scholar
Schentuleit, M. and Liedtke, C. (2008). Dime online: eine prosopographische und topographische Datenbank zu Soknopaiu Nesos. In Lippert, S. and Schentuleit, M., eds., Graeco-Roman Fayum: Texts and Archaeology. Proceedings of the Third International Fayum Symposion, Freudenstadt, May 29 – June 1, 2007. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 217–22.Google Scholar
Schwartz, J. and Wild, H. (1948). Fouilles franco-suisses. Rapports, 1. Qasr-Qarun/Dionysias 1948. Cairo: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. (2010). A portion of life solidified: understanding Ancient Egypt through the integration of Archaeology and History. Journal of Egyptian History 3(1), 159–89.Google Scholar
Spencer, A. J. (1979). Brick Architecture in Ancient Egypt. Warminster: Aris and Phillips.Google Scholar
Spencer, A. J. (1994). Mud brick: its decay and detection in Upper and Lower Egypt. In Eyre, C., Leahy, A. and Montagno Leahy, L., eds., The Unbroken Reed. Studies in the Culture and Heritage of Ancient Egypt in Honour of A.F. Shore. London: The Egypt Exploration Society Occasional Publications 11, 315–20.Google Scholar
Spencer, P. (2007). Digging diary 2006–2007. Egyptian Archaeology 31, 25–29.Google Scholar
Spencer, P. (2009). Digging diary 2008. Egyptian Archaeology 34, 27–30.Google Scholar
Spencer, P. (2010). Digging diary 2009. Egyptian Archaeology 36, 29–32.Google Scholar
Spencer, P. (2012). Digging diary 2011. Egyptian Archaeology 40, 25–28.Google Scholar
Stephan, R. P. and Verhoogt, A. (2005). Text and context in the Archive of Tiberianus (Karanis, Egypt; 2nd century AD). Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 42, 189–201.Google Scholar
Uytterhoeven, I. (2001). Hawara (Fayum): tombs and houses on the surface. A preliminary report of the K. U. Leuven Site Survey. Ricerche di egittologia e di antichità copte 3, 45–83.Google Scholar
Uytterhoeven, I. (2006). Housing in Late Antiquity: regional perspectives. In Lavan, L., Özgenel, L. and Sarantis, A., eds., Housing in Late Antiquity: From Palaces to Shops. LAA Supplementary Series 1. Leiden: Brill, 67–96.Google Scholar
Uytterhoeven, I. (2007). Hawara in the Graeco-Roman period. In Capasso, M. and Davoli, P., eds., New Archaeological and Papyrological Researches on the Fayum. Papyrologica Lupiensia 14. Lecce: Congedo, 314–44.Google Scholar
Uytterhoeven, I. (2009). Hawara in the Graeco-Roman Period: Life and Death in a Fayum Village. OLA 174. Leuven, Paris and Walpole, MA: Peeters.Google Scholar
Uytterhoeven, I. and Blom-Böer, I. (2002). New light on the Egyptian labyrinth: evidence from a survey at Hawara. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 88, 111–20.Google Scholar
Vanderborght, E. (1942). La maison de Diotimos, à Philadelphie. Chronique d’Égypte 33, 117–26.Google Scholar
Vandorpe, K. (1994). Museum archaeology or how to reconstruct Pathyris’ Archives. In Proceedings of the Vth Congress of Demotists. Pisa, 4th–8th September 1993. Pisa: Egitto e Vicino Oriente 17, 289–300.Google Scholar
Vandorpe, K. (2010). The Ptolemaic Period. In Lloyd, A. B. ed., A Companion to Ancient Egypt. Oxford and Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 159–79.Google Scholar
Van Minnen, P. (1994). House-to-house enquiries: an interdisciplinary approach to Roman Karanis. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 100, 227–51.Google Scholar
Van Minnen, P. (2009). The future of papyrology. In Bagnall, R. S., ed., The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 644–60.Google Scholar
Van Minnen, P. (2010). Archaeology and papyrology: digging and filling holes? In Lembke, K., Minas-Nerpel, M. and Pfeiffer, S., eds., Tradition and Transformation: Egypt under Roman Rule. Proceedings of the International Conference, Hildesheim, Roemer- and Pelizaeus-Museum, 3–6 July 2008. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 41. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 437–74.Google Scholar
Verhoogt, A. (2012). Papyri in the archaeological record. In Riggs, C., ed., The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 507–15.Google Scholar
Verhoogt, A. (2019). Unique sources in an unusual setting. In Vandorpe, K., ed., A Companion to Greco-Roman and Late Antique Egypt. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1–13.Google Scholar
Viereck, P. (1928). Philadelphia: die Gründung einer hellenistischen Militärkolonie in Ägypten. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs.Google Scholar
Viereck, P. and Zucker, F. (1926). Papyri Ostraka und Wachstafeln aus Philadelphia im Fayûm. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.Google Scholar
Vogliano, A. (1936). Primo Rapporto degli scavi condotti dalla Missione archeologica d’Egitto della R. Università di Milano nella zona di Madinet Madi. (campagna inverno e primavera 1935 – XIII). Milan: Impr. de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Vogliano, A. (1937). Secondo rapporto degli scavi condotti dalla Missione archeologica d’Egitto della R. Università di Milano nella zona di Madinet Madi (campagna inverno e primavera 1936 – XIV). Milan: Impr. de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Vogliano, A. (1938). Rapporto preliminare della IV° campagna di scavo a Medinet Madi. Annales du Service des Antiquité de l´Egypte 38, 533–49.Google Scholar
Wendrich, W. Z., Bos, J. E. M. F. and Pansire, K. M. (2006). VR modeling in research, instruction, presentation and cultural heritage management: the case of Karanis (Egypt). In Ioannides, M., Arnold, D., Niccolucci, F. and Mania, K., eds., The 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage VAST. Nicosia, 1–6.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, H. (2010). Mosaics and painting in Graeco-Roman Egypt. In Lloyd, A. B., ed., A Companion to Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1008–31.Google Scholar
Wilburn, D. (2001). The Spatial Analysis/Geographic Information Systems Initiative. Kelsey Museum Newsletter. (http://www.umich.edu/~kelseydb/Publications/fall2001/GIS.html.)Google Scholar
Wilburn, D. (2010). Re-mapping Karanis: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and site analysis. In Gagos, T. and Hyatt, A., eds., Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Papyrology, Ann Arbor 2007. American Studies in Papyrology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 777–88.Google Scholar
Wilburn, D., Gates-Foster, J. and Cook, R. J. (2014). The Karanis Housing Project: a new approach to an old excavation. In Wilfong, T. G., ed., Karanis Revealed: Discovering the Past and Present of a Michigan Excavation in Egypt. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 157–60.Google Scholar
Wilfong, T.G. (2012). The University of Michigan excavation of Karanis (1924–1935). Images from the Kelsey Museum Photographic Archives. In Riggs, C., ed., The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 223–43.Google Scholar
Wulf-Rheidt, U. (2014). The Ancient Residential Buildings of Pergamon. In Pirson, F. and Scholl, A., eds., Pergamon. Anadolu’da Hellenistik Bir Başkent – A Hellenistic Capital in Anatolia. Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayilari, 336–51.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×