References

Sassan Gholiagha

doi:10.1017/9781108909136.012

Aalto, Pami (2011). The human subject in international studies: An outline for interdisciplinary research programmes. In Aalto, Pami, Harle, Vilho, and Moisio, Sami, eds., International Studies. London; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 178–206.CrossRef Google Scholar

Acharya, Amitav (2004). How ideas spread: Whose norms matter? Norm localization and institutional change in Asian regionalism. International Organization, 58(2), 239–275.Google Scholar

Acharya, Amitav (2011). Norm subsidiarity and regional orders. International Studies Quarterly, 55(1), 95–123.Google Scholar

Ackelsberg, Martha A. (1992). Feminist analyses of public policy. Comparative Politics, 24(4), 477–493.Google Scholar

Ackelsberg, Martha A., and Diamond, Irene (1987). Gender and political life: New directions in political science. In Hess, Beth B., and Ferree, Myra M., eds., Analyzing Gender: A Handbook of Social Science Research. Newbury Park: SAGE, 504–525.Google Scholar

Ackermann, Spencer (2011). Rare Photographs Show Ground Zero of the Drone War. Wired. www.wired.com/2011/12/photos-pakistan-drone-war/.Google Scholar

Adediran, Bolarinwa (2017). Implementing R2P: Towards a regional solution? Global Responsibility to Protect, 9(4), 459–487.CrossRef Google Scholar

Adler, Emanuel (2013). Constructivism in international relations: Sources, contributions, and debates. In Carlsnaes, Walter, Risse, Thomas, and Simmons, Beth A., eds., Handbook of International Relations. 2nd ed. London: SAGE , 112–144.Google Scholar

Adler, Emanuel, and Pouliot, Vincent (2011). International practices. International Theory, 3(1), 1–36.CrossRef Google Scholar

Adler-Nissen, Rebecca, and Pouliot, Vincent (2014). Power in practice: Negotiating the international intervention in Libya. European Journal of International Relations, 20(4), 889–911.Google Scholar

African Union Assembly (2008). Decision on the Situation in Kenya Following the Presidential Election of 27 December 2007. (Assembly/AU/Dec.187[X]). https://au.int/sites/default/files/decisions/9562-assembly_en_31_january_2_february_2008_auc_tenth_ordinary_session_decisions_and_declarations.pdf.Google Scholar

African Union Assembly (2013). Twenty-First Ordinary Session. https://au.int/sites/default/files/decisions/9654-assembly_au_dec_474-489_xxi_e.pdf.Google Scholar

African Union Peace and Security Council (2011). Communique of the 265th Meeting of the Peace and Security Council. (PSC/PR/COMM.2[CCLXV]). www.peaceau.org/uploads/communique-libya-eng.pdf.Google Scholar

Africanews (2021). Interim Government Assumes Power in Libya. www.africanews.com/2021/03/16/interim-government-assumes-power-in-libya/.Google Scholar

Agerberg, Mattias, and Kreft, Anne-Kathrin (2020). Gendered conflict, gendered outcomes: The politicization of sexual violence and quota adoption. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 64(2–3), 290–317.Google Scholar

Ainley, Kirsten (2008). Individual agency and responsibility for atrocity. In Renée, Jeffery, ed., Confronting Evil in International Relations: Ethical Responses to Problems of Moral Agency. Vol 1. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 37–70.Google Scholar

Ainley, Kirsten (2011). Excesses of responsibility: The limits of law and the possibilities of politics. Ethics & International Affairs, 25(4), 407–431.Google Scholar

Ainley, Kirsten (2015). The Responsibility to Protect and the International Criminal Court: Counteracting the crisis. International Affairs, 91(1), 37–54.Google Scholar

Aistrope, Tim, Gifkins, Jess, and Taylor, N. A. J. (2018). The Responsibility to Protect and the question of attribution. Global Change, Peace & Security, 30(1), 1–20.Google Scholar

Akbarzadeh, Shahram, and Saba, Arif (2019). UN paralysis over Syria: The responsibility to protect or regime change? International Politics, 56(4), 536–550.Google Scholar

Albania; Andorra; Australia; Austria; Belgium; Botswana; Bulgaria; Canada; Central African Republic; Chile; Côte d’Ivoire; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Italy; Japan; Jordan; Latvia; Libya; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Marshall Islands; Mexico; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Panama; Poland; Portugal; Qatar; Republic of Korea; Republic of Moldova; Romania; Samoa; San Marino; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Serbia; Seychelles; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Turkey; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; United States of America (2014). Draft Resolution. (S/2014/348). www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2014_348.pdf.Google Scholar

Alcoff, Linda (1987). Justifying feminist social science. Hypatia, 2(3), 107–120.Google Scholar

Alcoff, Linda (1988). Cultural feminism versus post-structuralism: The identity crisis in feminist theory. Signs, 13(3), 405–436.Google Scholar

Aljazeera (2014). Mixed Reactions to ICC Decision on Kenyatta. www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/12/6/mixed-reactions-to-icc-decision-on-kenyatta.Google Scholar

Aljazeera (2021). Libya Talks Make Progress towards New Temporary Government: UN. www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/17/libya-talks-make-progress-towards-new-temporary-government-un.Google Scholar

Allinson, Jamie (2015). The necropolitics of drones. International Political Sociology, 9(2), 113–127.CrossRef Google Scholar

Allott, Philip (1992). Reconstituting humanity—New international law. European Journal of International Law, 3(2), 219–252.Google Scholar

Almagro, Maria M. de (2018). Lost boomerangs, the rebound effect and transnational advocacy networks: A discursive approach to norm diffusion. Review of International Studies, 44(4), 672–693.CrossRef Google Scholar

Alter, Karen J. (2020). Comprehending global governance: International regime complexity vs. Global constitutionalism. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 9(2), 413–423.Google Scholar

Alter, Karen J., and Meunier, Sophie (2009). The politics of international regime complexity. Perspective on Politics, 7(1), 13–24.CrossRef Google Scholar

Altman, Andrew (2012). Introduction. In Finkelstein, Claire, Ohlin, Jens D., and Altman, Andrew, eds., Targeted Killing: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1–27.Google Scholar

Alvarez, José E. (2008). The schizophrenia of R2P. In MacDonald, Euan, and Alston, Philip, eds., Human Rights, Intervention, and the Use of Force. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 275–284.Google Scholar

Alvesson, Mats, and Sandberg, Jörgen (2011). Generating research questions through problematization. Academy of Management Review, 36(2), 247–271.Google Scholar

Alvesson, Mats, and Sandberg, Jörgen (2013). Constructing Research Questions. London: SAGE.Google Scholar

Ambos, Kai (2013). Expanding the focus of the ‘African criminal court’. In Schabas, William A., McDermott, Yvonne, and Hayes, Niamh, eds., The Ashgate Research Companion to International Criminal Law: Critical Perspectives. Surrey; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 499–529.Google Scholar

Amnesty International (2013). ‘Will I Be Next?’ US Drone Strikes in Pakistan. https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/asa330132013en.pdf.Google Scholar

Anderson, Kenneth, and Waxman, Matthew C. (2013). Law and Ethics for Autonomous Weapon Systems: Why a Ban Won’t Work and How the Laws of War Can. (Research Paper No. 2013-11). https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2804&context=faculty_scholarship.Google Scholar

Aning, Kwesi, and Edu-Afful, Fiifi (2016). African agency in R2P: Interventions by African Union and ECOWAS in Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, and Libya. International Studies Review, 18(1), 120–133.Google Scholar

Annan, Kofi (1999). Two concepts of sovereignty. The Economist, 18 September 1999.Google Scholar

Arab League (2011). The Outcome of the Council of the League of Arab States Meeting at the Ministerial Level in Its Extraordinary Session on the Implications of the Current Events in Libya and the Arab Position. http://responsibilitytoprotect.org/Arab%20League%20Ministerial%20level%20statement%2012%20march%202011%20-%20english%281%29.pdf.Google Scholar

Arbour, Louise (2008). The Responsibility to Protect as a duty of care in international law and practice. Review of International Studies, 34(3), 445–458.Google Scholar

Arbour, Louise (2013). Entmachtet die Großmächte. Die ZEIT, 14 November 2013.Google Scholar

Archambault, Emil (2018). Review article: Targeted killing, technologies of violence, and society. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 47(1), 142–152.Google Scholar

Arendt, Hannah (1951). The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.Google Scholar

Arendt, Hannah (1963). Eichmann in Jerusalem. New York: The Viking Press.Google Scholar

Arendt, Hannah (1969 [1958]). The Origins of Totalitarianism. 2nd enlarged ed. Cleveland; New York: Meridian.Google Scholar

Arendt, Hannah (1990 [1963]). On Revolution. London: Penguin.Google Scholar

Arendt, Hannah (1998 [1958]). The Human Condition. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Ashley, Richard K. (1984). The poverty of neorealism. International Organization, 38(2), 225–286.Google Scholar

Aslam, Wali, and Rauxloh, Regina (2015). Conclusions. In Aaronson, Mike, Aslam, Wali, Dyson, Tom, and Rauxloh, Regina, eds., Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention. Oxon: Routledge, 225–233.Google Scholar

Auchter, Jessica (2016). Paying attention to dead bodies: The future of security studies? Journal of Global Security Studies, 1(1), 36–50.CrossRef Google Scholar

Aukerman, Miriam J. (2002). Extraordinary evil, ordinary crime: A framework for understanding transitional justice. Harvard Human Rights Journal, 15, 39–96.Google Scholar

Aust, Helmut P. (2017). ‘The system only dreams in total darkness’: The future of human rights law in the light of algorithmic authority. German Yearbook of International Law, 60, 1–15.Google Scholar

Babbitt, Eileen F. (2017). Responsibility to Protect: Time to reassess. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 9(3), 431–435.Google Scholar

Baggiarini, Bianca (2015). Drone warfare and the limits of sacrifice. Journal of International Political Theory, 11(1), 128–144.Google Scholar

Bahrain; Colombia; Egypt; France; Germany; Jordan; Kuwait; Libya; Morocco; Oman; Portugal; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Togo; Tunisia; Turkey; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom and United States of America (2012). Draft Resolution. (S/2012/77). www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Syria%20S2012%2077.pdf.Google Scholar

Bähring, Jill (2017). Individual Redress and State Responsibility the Law and Politics of Compensation Payments and Their Application to Drone Strike Victims. Master Thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Bain, William (2010). Responsibility and obligation in the ‘Responsibility to Protect’. Review of International Studies, 36(Special Issue S1), 25–46.CrossRef Google Scholar

Ban, Ki-Moon (2009). Implementing the Responsibility to Protect. (A/63/677). www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/17thsession/SG_reportA_63_677_en.pdf.Google Scholar

Banka, Andris, and Quinn, Adam (2018). Killing norms softly: US targeted killing, quasi-secrecy and the assassination ban. Security Studies, 27(4), 665–703.Google Scholar

Baranovsky, Vladimir, and Mateiko, Anatoly (2016). Responsibility to Protect: Russia’s approaches. The International Spectator, 51(2), 49–69.Google Scholar

Barnett, Michael N. (2012). International paternalism and humanitarian governance. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 1(3), 485–521.Google Scholar

Barrinha, Andre, and da Vinha, Luis (2015). Dealing with risk. In Aaronson, Mike, Aslam, Wali, Dyson, Tom, and Rauxloh, Regina, eds., Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention. Oxon: Routledge, 14–32.Google Scholar

Bartelson, Jens (1995). A Genealogy of Sovereignty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

BBC (2010). Kenya Election Violence: ICC Names Suspects. www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-11996652.Google Scholar

BBC (2013). Syria Crisis: Russia and China Step up Warning over Strike.www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-23845800.Google Scholar

BBC (2014). Syria conflict: UN concerned over Homs detentions. www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26131742.Google Scholar

Beier, J. Marshall (2021). ‘This changes things’: Children, targeting, and the making of precision. Cooperation and Conflict. Online First, 1–16.Google Scholar

Bell, Duncan (2012). The dawn of biopolitical IR? International Studies Review, 14(4), 653–656.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J. (2006). Whither the Responsibility to Protect? Humanitarian intervention and the 2005 world summit. Ethics & International Affairs, 20(2), 143–169.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J. (2008). The Responsibility to Protect and the problem of military intervention. International Affairs, 84(4), 615–639.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J. (2009). Responsibility to Protect—The Global Effort to End Mass Atrocities. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J. (2010). The Responsibility to Protect—five years on. Ethics & International Affairs, 24(2), 143–169.CrossRef Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J. (2011a). Global Politics and the Responsibility to Protect. Oxford; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J. (2011b). Libya and The Responsibility to Protect: The exception and the norm. Ethics & International Affairs, 25(3), 263–269.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J. (2014). The Responsibility to Protect and the problem of regime change. In Scheid, Don E., ed., The Ethics of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 166–186.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J. (2015). The Responsibility to Protect: A Defense. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J. (2016). The humanisation of security? Towards an international human protection regime. European Journal of International Security, 1(1), 112–133.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J. (forthcoming). Syria Betrayed: Atrocities, War, and the Failure of International Diplomacy. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J., and McLoughlin, Stephen (2018). Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention. London: Palgrave.Google Scholar

Bellamy, Alex J., and Reike, Ruben (2010). The Responsibility to Protect and international law. Global Responsibility to Protect, 2(3), 267–286.Google Scholar

Benhabib, Seyla (2007). Twilight of sovereignty or the emergence of cosmopolitan norms? Rethinking citizenship in volatile times. Citizenship Studies, 11(1), 19–36.Google Scholar

Benjamin, Medea (2013). Drone Warfare. London: Verso.Google Scholar

Bensouda, Fatou (2014). Gender justice and the ICC: Progress and reflections. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 16(4), 538–542.Google Scholar

Berenskötter, Felix (2018). Deep theorizing in international relations. European Journal of International Relations, 24(4), 814–840.Google Scholar

Berger, Peter L., and Luckmann, Thomas (1967 [1966]). The Social Construction of Reality. First Anchor Books Edition. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar

Besson, Samantha (2009). The authority of international law – Lifting the state veil. Sydney Law Review, 31(3), 343–380.Google Scholar

Besson, Samantha (2010). Theorizing the sources of international law. In Besson, Samantha, and Tasioulas, John, eds., The Philosophy of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 163–185.Google Scholar

Besson, Samantha, and Tasioulas, John, eds. (2010). The Philosophy of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bhuta, Nehal, Beck, Susanne, Geiß, Robin, Liu, Hin-Yan, and Kreß, Claus, eds. (2016). Autonomous Weapons Systems: Law, Ethics, Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Biersteker, Thomas J., and Weber, Cynthia, eds. (1996). State Sovereignty as Social Construct. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Birckenbach, Hanne-Magret (1991). Paradigmen der internationalen Politik: Eine Kritik aus der Perspektive feministischer Friedensforschung. Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik, 2(8), 959–970.Google Scholar

Birdsall, Andrea (2018). Drone warfare in counterterrorism and normative change: US policy and the politics of international law. Global Society, 32(3), 241–262.Google Scholar

Birkenkötter, Hannah (2016). Ein Erfolgreicher Jahresabschluss? Zur Syrien-Resolution des UN-Sicherheitsrats. https://jungeunforschung.wordpress.com/2016/01/04/ein-erfolgreicher-jahresabschluss-zur-syrien-resolution-des-un-sicherheitsrats/.Google Scholar

Birkenkötter, Hannah (2020). International law as a common language across spheres of authority? Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 9(2), 318–342.Google Scholar

Birkenkötter, Hannah, and Kaya, Berkan (2022). The ICJ in an age of inter-legality: A survey of its case law in the new millennium. German Yearbook of International Law, 63(1), 421–450.Google Scholar

Birmingham, Peg (2003). Holes of oblivion: The banality of radical evil. Hypatia, 18, 80–113.Google Scholar

Bissonnette, Camille M. (2016). The definition of civilians in non-international armed conflicts. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 7(1), 129–155.Google Scholar

Blank, Laurie R. (2015). Targeted killing. In Johnson, James T., and Patterson, Eric D., eds., The Ashgate Research Companion to Military Ethics. Farnham: Ashgate, 231–243.Google Scholar

Blatter, Joachim K., Janning, Frank, and Wagemann, Claudius (2007). Qualitative Politikfeldanalyse. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.Google Scholar

Bleiker, Roland, and Hutchison, Emma (2008). Fear no more: Emotions and world politics. Review of International Studies, 34(S1), 115–135.Google Scholar

Blum, Gabriella (2014). The individualization of war: From war to policing in the regulation of armed conflicts. In Austin, Sarat, Lawrence, Douglas, and Umphrey., Martha M., eds., Law and War. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 48–83.Google Scholar

Blumer, Herbert (1954). What is wrong with social theory? American Sociological Review, 29(1), 3–10.Google Scholar

Boateng, Oheneba A. (forthcoming). Africa’s Homegrown Humanitarianism: Regional Responses Versus Global Governance. London; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Bode, Ingvild, and Huelss, Hendrik (2018). Autonomous weapons systems and changing norms in international relations. Review of International Studies, 44(3), 393–413.Google Scholar

Bogner, Alexander, Littig, Beate, and Menz, Wolfgang (2014). Interviews mit Experten: Eine Praxisorientierte Einführung. Wiesbaden: Springer.Google Scholar

Bogner, Alexander, and Wolfgang, Menz (2009). Das theoriegenerierende Experteninterview: Erkenntnisinteresse, Wissensformen, Interaktionen. 3rd ed. In Alexander, Bogner, Beate, Littig, and Wolfgang, Menz, eds., Experteninterviews. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 61–98.Google Scholar

Bonafé, Beatrice I. (2013). Coordinating concurrent legal orders in the prosecution of international crimes. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 2(2), 316–344.Google Scholar

Bonds, Eric (2019). Humanitized violence: Targeted killings and civilian deaths in the US war against the Islamic State. Current Sociology, 67(3), 438–455.Google Scholar

Boone, Jon, and Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (2015). Pakistan Uses Hostage Killings to Underline Risk of US Drone Strikes. The Guardian. www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/24/pakistan-us-hostage-killings-drone-strikes-weinstein-lo-porto.Google Scholar

Bousquet, Antoine J. (2018). The Eye of War: Military Perception from the Telescope to the Drone. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar

Bower, Adam (2019). Contesting the International Criminal Court: Bashir, Kenyatta, and the status of the nonimpunity norm in world politics. Journal of Global Security Studies, 4(1), 88–104.Google Scholar

Boyle, Michael J. (2013). The cost and consequences of drone warfare. International Affairs, 89(1), 1–29.Google Scholar

Boyle, Michael J. (2015). The legal and ethical implications of drone warfare. The International Journal of Human Rights, 19(2), 105–126.Google Scholar

Bradley, Megan (2019). Unresolved and unresolvable? Tensions in the refugee regime. Ethics & International Affairs, 33(1), 45–56.Google Scholar

Brennan, John O. (2012). The Efficacy and Ethics of U.S. Counterterrorism Strategy. www.wilsoncenter.org/event/the-efficacy-and-ethics-us-counterterrorism-strategy.Google Scholar

Brock, Lothar (1999). Normative Integration und kollektive Handlungskompetenz auf internationaler Ebene. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 6(2), 323–347.Google Scholar

Brock, Lothar (2013). Dilemmata des internationalen Schutzes von Menschen vor innerstaatlicher Gewalt. Ein Ausblick. In Christopher, Daase, and Julian, Junk, eds., Die Friedenswarte: Journal of International Peace and Organization, 88(1–2), 163–185.Google Scholar

Brockmeier, Sarah, Stuenkel, Oliver, and Tourinho, Marcos (2016). The impact of the Libya intervention debates on norms of protection. Global Society, 30(1), 113–133.Google Scholar

Brookman-Byrne, Max (2017). Drone use ‘outside areas of active hostilities’: An examination of the legal paradigms governing US covert remote strikes. Netherlands International Law Review, 64(1), 3–41.Google Scholar

Brooks, Rosa (2014). Drones, and the international rule of law. Ethics & International Affairs, 28(1), 83–103.Google Scholar

Brown, Anne M. (2002a). Human Rights and the Borders of Suffering. Manchester; New York: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar

Brown, Chris (2002b). Sovereignty, Rights and Justice: International Political Theory Today. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Brown, Chris (2009). Structural realism, classical realism and human nature. International Relations, 23(2), 257–270.Google Scholar

Brown, Chris, and Ainley, Kirsten (2009). Understanding International Relations. 4th ed. Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Brown, Sarah (1988). Feminism, international theory, and international relations of gender inequality. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 17(3), 461–475.Google Scholar

Brühl, Jannis (2015). Recht und Ramstein. Süddeutsche Zeitung, 28 May 2015.Google Scholar

Brunnée, Jutta, and Toope, Stephen J. (2010a). Legitimacy and Legality in International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Brunnée, Jutta, and Toope, Stephen J. (2010b). The Responsibility to Protect and the use of force: Building legality? Global Responsibility to Protect, 2(3), 191–212.Google Scholar

Brunnée, Jutta, and Toope, Stephen J. (2014). The Rule of Law in an Agnostic World: The Prohibition on the Use of Force and Humanitarian Exceptions. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2547022.Google Scholar

Brunstetter, Daniel R., and Jimenez-Barcadi, Arturo (2015). Clashing over drones: The legal and normative gap between the united states and the human rights community. The International Journal of Human Rights, 19(2), 176–198.Google Scholar

Buchanan, Allen (2003). Reforming the international law of humanitarian intervention. In Holzgrefe, Jeff L. and Keohane, Robert O., eds., Humanitarian Intervention: Ethic, Legal and Political Dilemmas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 130–173.Google Scholar

Buchanan, Allen (2010). The legitimacy of international law. In Besson, Samantha, and Tasioulas, John, eds., The Philosophy of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 79–96.Google Scholar

Buchanan, Allen, and Keohane, Robert O. (2015a). Toward a drone accountability regime. Ethics & International Affairs, 29(1), 15–37.Google Scholar

Buchanan, Allen, and Keohane, Robert O. (2015b). Toward a drone accountability regime: A rejoinder. Ethics & International Affairs, 25(1), 67–70.Google Scholar

Buitelaar, Tom, and Hirschmann, Gisela (2021). Criminal accountability at what cost? Norm conflict, UN peace operations and the International Criminal Court. European Journal of International Relations, 27(2), 548–571.Google Scholar

Bumke, Christian (2009). Menschenbilder des Rechts. Jahrbuch des Öffentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart, 57, 125–148.Google Scholar

Bünte, Marco (2009). Myanmar und die Frage der externen Intervention: Von der „Responsibility to Protect” zum humanitären Dialog. Die Friedenswarte: Journal of International Peace and Organization, 84(1), 125–141.Google Scholar

Burchill, Scott (2009). Liberalism. In Scott, Burchill, Andrew, Linklater, Richard, Devetak, Jack, Donnelly, Terry, Nardin, Matthew, Paterson, Christian, Reus-Smit, and Jacqui, True, eds., Theories of International Relations. 4th ed. Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 57–85.Google Scholar

Burger, Julian, and Kapron, Mary (2017). Drug policy and indigenous peoples. Health and Human Rights Journal, 19(1), 269–278.Google Scholar PubMed

Burke-White, William W. (2008). Implementing a policy of positive complementarity in the Rome system of justice. Criminal Law Forum, 19(1), 59–85.Google Scholar

Buss, Doris (2016). International criminal courts. In Steans, Jill, and Tepe-Belfrage, Daniela, eds., Handbook on Gender in World Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 162–170.Google Scholar

Butler, Judith (1993). Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of ‘Sex’. New York; London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Butler, Judith (1999). Gender Trouble. 2nd ed. New York; London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Butler, Judith (2004). Precarious Life. London; New York: Verso.Google Scholar

Buzan, Barry, and Hansen, Lene (2009). The Evolution of International Security Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Byers, Michael, and Chesterman, Simon (2003). Changing the rules about the rules? Unilateral humanitarian intervention and the future of international law. In Holzgrefe, Jeff L. and Keohane, Robert O., eds., Humanitarian Intervention: Ethic, Legal and Political Dilemmas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 177–203.Google Scholar

Byrne, Max (2016). Consent and the use of force: An examination of ‘intervention by invitation’ as a basis for US drone strikes in Pakistan, Somalia and Yemen. Journal on the Use of Force and International Law, 3(1), 97–125.Google Scholar

Cacciatori, Mattia (2018). When kings are criminals: Lessons from ICC prosecutions of African presidents. International Journal of Transitional Justice, 12(3), 386–406.Google Scholar

Campbell, Kirsten (2013). The making of global legal cultures and international criminal law. Leiden Journal of International Law, 26(1), 155–172.Google Scholar

Cannon, Brendon J. (2020). What’s in it for us? Armed drone strikes and the security of Somalia’s federal government. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 31(4), 773–800.Google Scholar

Capasso, Matteo (2014). The Libyan drawers: ‘stateless society’, ‘humanitarian intervention’, ‘logic of exception’ and ‘traversing the phantasy’. Middle East Critique, 23(4), 387–404.Google Scholar

Carpenter, R. Charli (2005). ‘Women, children and other vulnerable groups’: Gender, strategic frames and the protection of civilians as a transnational issue. International Studies Quarterly, 49(2), 295–334.Google Scholar

Carver, Terrell (2016). Sex, gender, and sexuality. In Steans, Jill, and Tepe-Belfrage, Daniela, eds., Handbook on Gender in World Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 58–65.Google Scholar

Carvin, Stephanie (2012). The trouble with targeted killing. Security Studies, 21(3), 529–555.Google Scholar

Carvin, Stephanie (2015). Getting drones wrong. The International Journal of Human Rights, 19(2), 127–141.Google Scholar

Carvin, Stephanie, and Williams, Michael J. (2015). Law, Science, Liberalism and the American Way of Warfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Casey-Maslen, Stuart (2014). The use of armed drones. In Casey-Maslen, Stuart, ed., Weapons under international human rights law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 382–407.Google Scholar

Cavarero, Adriana (2008). Horrorism: Naming Contemporary Violence. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Celermajer, Danielle, and Lefebvre, Alexandre (2020a). Introduction: Bringing the subject of human rights into focus. In Celermajer, Danielle, and Lefebvre, Alexandre, eds., The Subject of Human Rights. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1–25.Google Scholar

Celermajer, Danielle, and Lefebvre, Alexandre eds. (2020b). The Subject of Human Rights. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Chamayou, Grégoire (2011). The manhunt doctrine. Radical Philosophy, 169, 2–6.Google Scholar

Chamayou, Grégoire (2014). Ferngesteuerte Gewalt. Wien: Passagen Verlag.Google Scholar

Chandler, David (2004). The Responsibility to Protect? Imposing the ‘liberal peace’. International Peacekeeping, 11(1), 59–81.Google Scholar

Chandler, David (2010). Born posthumously: Rethinking the shared characteristics of the ICC and R2P. Finnish Yearbook of International Law, 21, 5–13.Google Scholar

Chappell, Louise A. (2016). The Politics of Gender Justice at the International Criminal Court: Legacies and Legitimacy. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Charlesworth, Hilary (2010). Feminist reflections on the Responsibility to Protect. Global Responsibility to Protect, 2(3), 232–249.Google Scholar

Charlesworth, Hilary (2016). Gender and international law. In Steans, Jill, and Tepe-Belfrage, Daniela, eds., Handbook on Gender in World Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 137–144.Google Scholar

Charlesworth, Hilary, and Chinkin, Christine (2000). The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar

Checkel, Jeffrey T. (1998). The constructivist turn in international relations. World Politics, 50(2), 324–348.Google Scholar

Chesney, Robert (2010). Who may be killed? Anwar al-Awlaki as a case study in the international legal regulation of lethal force. In Schmitt, Michael N., Arimatsu, Louise, and McCormack, Tim, eds., Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law – 2010. The Hague: T. M. C. Asser Press, 3–60.Google Scholar

Chowdhury, Arjun, and Duvall, Raymond (2014). Sovereignty and sovereign power. International Theory, 6(2), 191–223.Google Scholar

Chulov, Martin (2015). Syria peace talks pin hopes for end to war on Iran and Saudi Arabia. The Guardian, 30 March 2015.Google Scholar

CIA (2009). CIA Best Practices in Counterinsurgency. http://wikileaks.org/cia-hvt-counterinsurgency.Google Scholar

Clarke, Kamari M. (2009). Fictions of Justice. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Close, Joseph (2020). The ICC Refrains from Affirming a General Ban on Amnesties in the Gaddafi Admissibility Appeal Decision. https://internationallaw.blog/2020/04/20/the-icc-refrains-from-affirming-a-general-ban-on-amnesties-in-the-gaddafi-admissibility-appeal-decision/.Google Scholar

Cloward, Karisa (2016). When Norms Collide. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Cohen, Jean L. (2004). Whose sovereignty? Empire versus international law. Ethics & International Affairs, 18(3), 1–24.Google Scholar

Cohn, Carol (1987). Sex and death in the rational world of defense intellectuals. Signs, 12(4), 687–718.Google Scholar

Columbia Law School Human Rights Clinic (2012). Counting Drone Strike Deaths. https://web.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/microsites/human-rights-institute/files/COLUMBIACountingDronesFinal.pdf.Google Scholar

Commission of Inquiry into Post-Election Violence (2008). Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Post-Election Violence. https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=tjrc-gov.Google Scholar

Conley-Zilkic, Bridget (2014). Who is the subject of atrocities prevention? Global Responsibility to Protect, 6(4), 430–452.Google Scholar

Cook, Martin L. (2016). Ethical issues in targeting. In Ducheine, Paul A., Schmitt, Michael N., and Osinga, Frans P., eds., Targeting: The Challenges of Modern Warfare. The Hague; Heidelberg; New York: T. M. C. Asser Press; Springer, 147–158.Google Scholar

Corsi, Jessica L. (2017). Drone deaths violate human rights: The applicability of the ICCPR to civilian deaths caused by drones. International Human Rights Law Review, 6(2), 205–241.Google Scholar

Council of Europe (2015). Drones and Targeted Killings: The Need to Uphold Human Rights and International Law. (Doc. 13731). http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=21580&lang=en.Google Scholar

Cox, Robert W. (1981). Social forces, states and world orders: Beyond international relations theory. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 10(2), 126–155.Google Scholar

Craig, Katherine (2014). Tod vom Himmel. Süddeutsche Zeitung, 26 July 2014.Google Scholar

Crawford, Emily (2014). Terrorism and targeted killings under international law. In Saul, Ben, ed., Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism. Cheltenham; Northhampton: Edward Elgar, 250–270.Google Scholar

Crawford, Emily (2015a). Identifying the Enemy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Crawford, James R., and Watkins, Jeremy (2010). International responsibility. In Besson, Samantha, and Tasioulas, John, eds., The Philosophy of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 283–298.Google Scholar

Crawford, Neta C. (2000). The passion of world politics: Propositions on emotion and emotional relationships. International Security, 24(4), 116–156.Google Scholar

Crawford, Neta C. (2013). Accountability for Killing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Crawford, Neta C. (2015b). Accountability for Targeted Drone Strikes Against Terrorists? Ethics & International Affairs, 25(1), 39–49.Google Scholar

Crilly, Rob (2018). Gaddafi’s son saif ‘to run for Libyan president’ in 2018 elections. The Telegraph, 20 March 2018.Google Scholar

Crossley, Noele (2020). Consistency, protection, responsibility. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 26(3), 473–499.Google Scholar

Crosston, Matthew (2014). Pandora’s presumption: Drones and the problematic ethics of techno-war. Journal of Strategic Security, 7(4), 1–24.Google Scholar

C-SPAN (2002). Defense Department Briefing. www.c-span.org/video/?168635-1/defense-department-briefing.Google Scholar

Çubukçu, Ayça (2013). The Responsibility to Protect: Libya and the problem of transnational solidarity. Journal of Human Rights, 12(1), 40–58.Google Scholar

Cudworth, Erika, and Hobden, Stephen (2013a). Complexity, ecologism, and posthuman politics. Review of International Studies, 39(3), 643–664.Google Scholar

Cudworth, Erika, and Hobden, Stephen (2013b). Of parts and wholes: International relations beyond the human. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 41(3), 430–450.CrossRef Google Scholar

Cunliffe, Philip (2016). From ISIS to ICISS: A critical return to the Responsibility to Protect report. Cooperation and Conflict, 51(2), 233–247.Google Scholar

Cunliffe, Philip, and Kenkel, Kai M. (2016). Rising powers and intervention: Contested norms and shifts in global order. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29(3), 807–811.Google Scholar

Cusumano, Eugenio (2019). Migrant rescue as organized hypocrisy: EU maritime missions offshore Libya between humanitarianism and border control. Cooperation and Conflict, 54(1), 3–24.Google Scholar

Cutler, Leonard (2017). President Obama’s Counterterrorism Strategy in the War on Terror: An Assessment. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Daase, Christopher (1999). Kleine Kriege – Große Wirkung. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.Google Scholar

Daase, Christopher (2013). Die Legalisierung der Legitimität – Zur Kritik der Schutzverantwortung als emerging norm. In Christopher, Daase, and Julian, Junk, eds., Die Friedenswarte: Journal of International Peace and Organization, 88(1–2), 41–62.Google Scholar

Dalhaus, Nora (2015). The responsibility while protecting—Brazil’s attempt to frame the R2P debate. In Staack, Michael, and Krause, Dan, eds., Schutzverantwortung in der Debatte. Opladen; Berlin; Toronto: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 217–228.Google Scholar

Davies, Bronwyn, and Harré, Rom (1990). Positioning: The discursive production of selves. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 20(1), 43–63.Google Scholar

Davis, Lynn E., McNerney, Michael J., and Greenberg, Michael D. (2016). Clarifying the Rules for Targeted Killing: An Analytical Framework for Policies Involving Long-Range Armed Drones. Cwww.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1610.html.Google Scholar

de Búrca, Gráinne (2010). The European Court of Justice and the international legal order after Kadi. Harvard International Law Journal, 51(1), 1–49.Google Scholar

de Vos, Christian M. (2020). Complementarity, Catalysts, Compliance: The International Criminal Court in Uganda, Kenya, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

de Waal, Alexander (2013). African roles in the Libyan conflict of 2011. International Affairs, 89(2), 365–379.Google Scholar

de Wet, Erika (2006). The international constitutional order. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 55(1), 55–76.Google Scholar

de Wet, Erika, and Vidmar, Jure (2013). Conflicts between international paradigms: Hierarchy versus systemic integration. Global Constitutionalism - Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 2(2), 196–217.Google Scholar

Deeks, Ashley S. (2012). ‘Unwilling or unable’: Toward a normative framework for extraterritorial self-defense. Virginia Journal of International Law, 52(3), 483–550.Google Scholar

deGuzman, Margaret M. (2012). How serious are international crimes? The gravity problem in international criminal law. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 51, 18–68.Google Scholar

Deitelhoff, Nicole (2006). Überzeugung in der Politik: Grundzüge einer Diskurstheorie internationalen Regierens. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag.Google Scholar

Deitelhoff, Nicole (2009). The discursive process of legalization: Charting islands of persuasion in the ICC case. International Organization, 63(1), 33–65.Google Scholar

Deitelhoff, Nicole, and Zimmermann, Lisbeth (2019). Norms under challenge: Unpacking the dynamics of norm robustness. Journal of Global Security Studies, 4(1), 2–17.Google Scholar

Deitelhoff, Nicole, and Zimmermann, Lisbeth (2020). Things we lost in the fire: How different types of contestation affect the robustness of international norms. International Studies Review, 22(1), 51–76.Google Scholar

Della Porta, Donatella, and Keating, Michael (2008a). How many approaches in the social sciences? An epistemological introduction. In Donatella, Della Porta, and Michael, Keating, eds., Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 19–39.Google Scholar

Della Porta, Donatella, and Keating, Michael (2008b). Introduction. In Donatella, Della Porta, and Michael, Keating, eds., Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–15.Google Scholar

Deng, Francis M., Kimaro, Sadikiel, Lyons, Terrence, Rothschild, Donald, and Zartman, W. I. (1996). Sovereignty as Responsibility: Conflict Management in Africa. Washington, DC: Brookings.Google Scholar

Diez, Thomas, Bode, Ingvild, and Fernandes da Costa, Aleksandra (2011). Key Concepts in International Relations. London: SAGE.Google Scholar

Dill, Janina (2015a). Legitimate Targets? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Dill, Janina (2015b). The informal regulation of drones and the formal legal regulation of war. Ethics & International Affairs, 25(1), 51–58.Google Scholar

Dill, Janina (2019). Do attackers have a legal duty of care? Limits to the ‘individualization of war’. International Theory, 11(1), 1–25.Google Scholar

Dingwerth, Klaus,and Witt, Antonia (2020). Towards a Typology of Pathways: The Rise of People-Centred Norms in the Legitimation of Global Governance Organizations. Paper presented at the IB-Sektionstagung 7.–9.10.2020 Freiburg (online). On file with author.Google Scholar

Dingwerth, Klaus, Witt, Antonia, Lehmann, Ina, Reichel, Ellen, and Weise, Tobias (2019). International Organizations Under Pressure. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Director of National Intelligence (2016). Summary of Information Regarding U.S. Counterterrorism Strikes Outside Areas of Active Hostilities. www.dni.gov/files/documents/Newsroom/Press%20Releases/DNI+Release+on+CT+Strikes+Outside+Areas+of+Active+Hostilities.PDF.Google Scholar

Dixon, Martin (2007). Textbook on International Law. 6th ed. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Dixon, Martin (2013). Textbook on International Law. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Doezema, Jo (2005). Now you see her, now you don’t: Sex workers at the UN trafficking protocol negotiation. Social & Legal Studies, 14(1), 61–89.Google Scholar

Dombrowski, Peter (1998). Fragmenting identities, shifting loyalties: The influence of individualisation on global transformations. Global Society, 12(3), 363–388.Google Scholar

Donnelly, Jack (2007). The relative universality of human rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 29(2), 281–306.Google Scholar

Donnelly, Jack (2009). Realism. In Scott, Burchill, Andrew, Linklater, Richard, Devetak, Jack, Donnelly, Terry, Nardin, Matthew, Paterson, Christian, Reus-Smit, and Jacqui, True, eds., Theories of International Relations. 4th ed. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 31–56.Google Scholar

Donovan, Outi (2021). Trading freedoms for protection: Gender and localised protection in Libya. Global Responsibility to Protect, 13(4), 458–480.Google Scholar

Doty, Roxanne L. (1993). Foreign policy as social construction: A post-positivist analysis of U.S. counterinsurgency policy in the Philippines. International Studies Quarterly, 37(3), 297–320.Google Scholar

Douven, Igor (2011). Peirce on Abduction. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/abduction/peirce.html.Google Scholar

Dresing, Thorsten, and Pehl, Thorsten (2015). Manual (On) Transcription: Transcription Conventions, Software Guides and Practical Hints for Qualitative Researchers. www.audiotranskription.de/english/manual-on-transcription.htm.Google Scholar

Droege, Cordula (2007). The interplay between international humanitarian law and international human rights law in situations of armed conflict. Israel Law Review, 40(2), 310–355.Google Scholar

Drumbl, Mark A. (2005). Collective violence and individual punishment: The criminality of mass atrocity. Northwestern University Law Review, 99(2), 539–610.Google Scholar

du Plessis, Max, and Louw, Antoinette (2011). Justice and the Libyan Crisis: The ICC’s Role Under Security Council Resolution 1970. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Full_Report_1087.pdf.Google Scholar

Dunford, Robin, and Neu, Michael (2019). The Responsibility to Protect in a world of already existing intervention. European Journal of International Relations, 25(4), 1080–1102.Google Scholar

Dunne, Timothy, Kurki, Milja, and Smith, Steve, eds. (2020). International Relations Theories. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Dunoff, Jeffrey L., and Pollack, Mark A. (2013). International law and international relations: Introducing an interdisciplinary dialogue. In Dunoff, Jeffrey L., and Pollack, Mark A., eds., Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3–32.Google Scholar

Eckes, Christina (2013). Individuals in a pluralist world: The implications of counterterrorist sanctions. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 2(2), 218–236.Google Scholar

Edkins, Jenny, and Pin-Fat, Véronique (1999). The subject of the political. In Edkins, Jenny, Persram, Nalini, and Pin-Fat, Véronique, eds., Sovereignty and Subjectivity. Boulder; London: Lynne Rienner, 1–18.Google Scholar

Efrat, Asif (2015). Cross-national interviewing at international conferences: How to make the most of a unique research opportunity. International Studies Perspectives, 16(3), 302–311.Google Scholar

Ekelhof, Merel A. (2017). Complications of a common language: Why it is so hard to talk about autonomous weapons. Journal of Conflict & Security Law, 22(2), 311–331.Google Scholar

Emmerson, Ben (2013). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms While Countering Terrorism. (A/68/389). https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/759181?ln=en.Google Scholar

Endoh, Fabrice T. (2020). African Union and the politics of selective prosecutions at the International Criminal Court. African Journal of International Criminal Justice, 6(1), 3–32.Google Scholar

Endoh, Fabrice T., and Mbao, M. L. Melvin (2016). Political dynamics in Kenya’s post-electoral violence: Justice without peace or political compromise? African Security Review, 25(3), 275–287.Google Scholar

Enemark, Christian (2014). Drones, risk, and perpetual force. Ethics & International Affairs, 28(3), 365–381.Google Scholar

Engelkamp, Stephan, Glaab, Katharina, and Graf, Antonia, eds. (2021). Kritische Normenforschung in den Internationalen Beziehungen. 1. Auflage; Baden-Baden: Nomos; Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.Google Scholar

Engelkamp, Stephan, Glaab, Katharina, and Renner, Judith (2012). In der Sprechstunde. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 19(2), 101–128.Google Scholar

Engelkamp, Stephan, Glaab, Katharina, and Renner, Judith (2013). Ein Schritt vor, zwei Schritte zurück? Eine Replik auf Nicole Deitelhoff und Lisbeth Zimmermann. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 20(2), 105–118.Google Scholar

English, Nicholas, and Rauschning, Tim (2013). The procurement and use of armed UAVs by the German military in international and German law. German Yearbook of International Law, 56, 539–555.Google Scholar

Enloe, Cynthia (2014). Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics. 2nd ed. Berkley; Los Angeles; London: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Epstein, Charlotte (2013). Theorizing agency in Hobbes’s wake: The rational actor, the self, or the speaking subject? International Organization, 67(2), 287–316.Google Scholar

Erameh, Nicholas I. (2017). Humanitarian intervention, Syria and the politics of human rights protection. The International Journal of Human Rights, 21(5), 517–530.Google Scholar

Erskine, Toni (2008). Locating responsibility: The problem of moral agency in international relations. In Reus-Smit, Christian, and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 699–707.Google Scholar

European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (2017). Litigating Drone Strikes: Challenging the Global Network of Remote Killing. https://www.ecchr.eu/fileadmin/Publikationen/Litigating_Drone_Strikes_PDF.pdf.Google Scholar

Evers, Miles M. (2020). Just the facts: Why norms remain relevant in an age of practice. International Theory, 12(2), 220–230.Google Scholar

Fabri, Hélene R. (2008). Human rights and state sovereignty: Have the boundaries been significantly redrawn. In MacDonald, Euan, and Alston, Philip, eds., Human Rights, Intervention, and the Use of Force. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Fairclough, Norman, and Wodak, Ruth (1997). Critical Discourse Analysis. In van Dijk, Teujn Adrianus, ed., Discourse as Social Interaction. London: SAGE, 258–285.Google Scholar

Fann, Kuni T. (1970). Peirce’s Theory of Abduction. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar

Farer, Tom. (2003). Humanitarian intervention before and after 9/11: Legality and legitimacy. In Holzgrefe, Jeff L., and Keohane, Robert O., eds., Humanitarian Intervention: Ethic, Legal and Political Dilemmas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 53–89.Google Scholar

Faude, Benjamin, and Fuß, Julia (2020). Coordination or conflict? The causes and consequences of institutional overlap in a disaggregated world order. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 9(2), 268–289.Google Scholar

Fehl, Caroline (2018). Navigating Norm Complexity: A Shared Research Agenda for Diverse Constructivist Perspectives. (HFSK Working Papers No. 41). www.hsfk.de/fileadmin/HSFK/hsfk_publikationen/PRIF_WP_41.pdf.Google Scholar

Fehl, Caroline (2019). Bombs, trials, and rights: Norm complexity and the evolution of liberal intervention practices. Human Rights Quarterly, 41(4), 839–915.Google Scholar

Fierke, Karin M. (2001). Critical methodology and constructivism. In Fierke, Karin M., and Jørgensen, Knud E., eds., Constructing International Relations. Armonk; London: M. E. Sharpe, 115–135.Google Scholar

Fierke, Karin M. (2010). Constructivism. In Dunne, Timothy, Kurki, Milja, and Smith, Steve, eds., International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 177–194.Google Scholar

Fierke, Karin M. (2013). Political Self-Sacrifice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Fierke, Karin M., and Jørgensen, Knud E. (2001). Introduction. In Fierke, Karin M., and Jørgensen, Knud E., eds., Constructing International Relations. Armonk; London: M. E. Sharpe, 3–10.Google Scholar

Finkelstein, Claire (2012a). Preface. In Finkelstein, Claire, Ohlin, Jens D., and Altman, Andrew, eds., Targeted Killing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, v–x.Google Scholar

Finkelstein, Claire (2012b). Targeted Killing as Preemptive Action. In Finkelstein, Claire, Ohlin, Jens D., and Altman, Andrew, eds., Targeted Killing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 156–182.Google Scholar

Finnemore, Martha (1996). Constructing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention. In Katzenstein, Peter J., ed., The Culture of National Security. Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 153–185.Google Scholar

Finnemore, Martha, and Sikkink, Kathryn (1998). International norm dynamics and political change. International Organization, 52(4), 887–917.Google Scholar

Fischer-Lescano, Andreas, and Teubner, Gunther (2004). Regime-collisions. Michigan Journal of International Law, 25(4), 999–1046.Google Scholar

Flick, Uwe (2003). Design und Prozess qualitativer Forschung. In Uwe, Flick, Ernst, von Kardorff, and Ines, Steinke, eds., Qualitative Forschung. 2nd ed. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, 252–265.Google Scholar

Flick, Uwe, Kardorff, Ernst von, and Steinke, Ines, eds. (2003). Qualitative Forschung. 2nd ed. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH.Google Scholar

Flonk, Daniëlle, Jachtenfuchs, Markus, and Obendiek, Anke S. (2020). Authority conflicts in internet governance: Liberals vs. Sovereigntists? Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 9(2), 364–386.Google Scholar

Flynn, Gregory, and Farrell, Henry (1999). Piecing together the democratic peace: The CSCE, norms and the ‘construction’ of security in post-cold war Europe. International Organization, 53(3), 505–535.Google Scholar

Føllesdal, Andreas (2020). Survey article: The legitimacy of international courts. Journal of Political Philosophy, 28(4), 476–499.Google Scholar

Forsythe, David P. (2013). ‘Political trials’? The UN Security Council and the development of international criminal law. In Schabas, William A., McDermott, Yvonne, and Hayes, Niamh, eds., The Ashgate Research Companion to International Criminal Law: Critical Perspectives. Surrey; Burlington: Ashgate, 475–497.Google Scholar

Forsythe, David P. (2018). Human Rights in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

France; Germany; Portugal; and United Kingdom (2011). Draft Resolution 04.10.2015. www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Syria%20S2011%20612.pdf.Google Scholar

Franke, Ulrich and Roos, Ulrich (2013). Einleitung: Zu den Begriffen ‘Weltpolitik’ und ‘Rekonstruktion’. In Franke, Ulrich, and Roos, Ulrich, eds., Rekonstruktive Methoden der Weltpolitikforschung. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 7–29.Google Scholar

Franke, Ulrike E. (2014). Drones, drone strikes, and US policy: The politics of unmanned aerial vehicles (review essay). Parameters, 44(1), 121–130.Google Scholar

Franke, Ulrike E. (2015). The global diffusion of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or ‘drones’. In Aaronson, Mike, Aslam, Wali, Dyson, Tom, and Rauxloh, Regina, eds., Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention. Oxon: Routledge, 52–72.Google Scholar

Frankenberg, Gunter (2011). Down by law: Irony, seriousness, and reason. German Law Journal, 12(1), 300–337.Google Scholar

Franz, Nina (2017). Targeted killing and pattern-of-life analysis: Weaponised media. Media, Culture & Society, 39(1), 111–121.Google Scholar

Freeden, Michael, and Stears, Marc (2013). Liberalism. In Freeden, Michael, Sargent, Lyman T., and Stears, Marc, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 329–347.Google Scholar

Freyberg-Inan, Annette (2004). What Moves Man. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Frick, Marie-Luisa (2021). Dehumanization and human rights. In Kronfeldner, Maria, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Dehumanization. Abingdon; Oxon; New York: Routledge, 187–200.Google Scholar

Friedrichs, Jörg (2009). From positivist pretense to pragmatic practice: Varieties of pragmatic methodology in IR scholarship. In Gunther, Hellmann, ed., International Studies Review. 11(3), Pragmatism and International Relations, 645–648.Google Scholar

Friedrichs, Jörg, and Kratochwil, Friedrich V. (2009). On acting and knowing: How pragmatism can advance international relations research and methodology. International Organization, 63(4), 701–731.Google Scholar

Friesendorf, Cornelius (2019). Selbstschutz und Fremdschutz als Normenkonflikt? Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 26(1), 59–88.Google Scholar

Frost, Mervyn, and Lechner, Silviya (2016). Understanding international practices from the internal point of view. Journal of International Political Theory, 12(3), 299–319.Google Scholar

Frowe, Helen (2014). Defensive Killing. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Fujii, Lee A. (2018). Interviewing in Social Science Research. New York; Abingdon; Oxon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Fuller, Lon L. (1964). The Morality of Law. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Fung, Courtney J. (2020). Rhetorical adaptation, normative resistance and international order-making: China’s advancement of the responsibility to protect. Cooperation and Conflict, 55(2), 193–215.Google Scholar

Gallagher, Adrian (2013). Genocide and Its Threat to Contemporary International Order. Houndmills; Basingstoke; Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Gallagher, Adrian (2016). Conceptualizing humanity in the English school. International Theory, 8(2), 341–364.Google Scholar

Gallagher, Adrian, and Ralph, Jason (2013). Syria: Can Legitimacy for Intervention Be Found in a Uniting for Peace Resolution? www.bss.leeds.ac.uk/2013/09/05/syria-can-legitimacy-for-intervention-be-found-in-a-uniting-for-peace-resolution/.Google Scholar

Ganor, Boaz (2014). Identifying the enemy in counterterrorism operations – A comparison of the Bush and Obama administrations. International Law Studies, 90, 341–360.Google Scholar

Garbett, Claire (2015). The Concept of the Civilian. Oxford; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

García Iommi, Lucrecia (2020). Whose justice? The ICC ‘Africa problem’. International Relations, 34(1), 105–129.Google Scholar

Gardam, Judith (1997). Women and the law of armed conflict: Why the silence? International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 46(1), 55–80.Google Scholar

Garwood-Gowers, Andrew (2015). R2P ten years after the world summit: Explaining ongoing contestation over pillar III. Global Responsibility to Protect, 7(3–4), 300–324.Google Scholar

Gegout, Catherine, and Suzuki, Shogo (2020). China, Responsibility to Protect, and the case of Syria. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 26(3), 379–402.Google Scholar

Geneva Conventions Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I) (1977). www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=D9E6B6264D7723C3C12563CD002D6CE4.Google Scholar

George, Terry (2004). Hotel Rwanda. Sydney: MGM Distributions.Google Scholar

Gerges, Fawaz A. (2016). ISIS: A History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Gettinger, Dan (2019). The Drone Databook. https://dronecenter.bard.edu/projects/drone-proliferation/databook/.Google Scholar

Gevers, Christopher (2020). Africa and international criminal law. In Heller, Kevin J., Mégret, Frédéric, Nouwen, Sarah M., Ohlin, Jens D., and Robinson, Darryl, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 154–193.Google Scholar

Ghezelbash, Daniel, Moreno-Lax, Violeta, Klein, Natalie, and Opeskin, Brian (2018). Securitization of search and rescue at sea: The response to boat migration in the Mediterranean and offshore Australia. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 67(2), 315–351.Google Scholar

Gholiagha, Sassan (2013). From Kosovo to Syria—Why R2P Is of No Use If the UN Security Council Is Unable to Act Together. https://verfassungsblog.de/from-kosovo-to-syria-why-r2p-is-of-no-use-if-the-un-security-council-is-unable-to-act-together/.Google Scholar

Gholiagha, Sassan (2014a). Die Responsibility to Protect und Souveränität. In Volk, Christian, and Kuntz, Friederike, eds., Der Begriff der Souveränität in der transnationalen Konstellation. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 198–214.Google Scholar

Gholiagha, Sassan (2014b). The Responsibility to Protect: Words, deeds, and humanitarian interventions – A review essay. Journal of International Political Theory, 10(3), 361–370.Google Scholar

Gholiagha, Sassan (2015a). Individualized and yet dehumanized? Targeted killing via drones. Behemoth, 8(2), 128–153.Google Scholar

Gholiagha, Sassan (2015b). To prevent ‘future Kosovos and future Rwandas’: A critical constructivist view on the responsibility to protect. International Journal of Human Rights, 19(8), 1074–1097.Google Scholar

Gholiagha, Sassan, Hansen-Magnusson, Hannes, and Hofius, Maren (2021). Meaning-in-use: Zum Verhältnis von Normativität und Normalität in der Normenforschung. In Engelkamp, Stephan, Glaab, Katharina, and Graf, Antonia, eds., Kritische Normenforschung in Deutschland. Neue Wege in den Internationalen Beziehungen. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 221–249.Google Scholar

Gholiagha, Sassan, Holzscheiter, Anna, and Liese, Andrea (2020a). Activating norm collisions: Interface conflicts in international drug control. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 9(2), 290–317.Google Scholar

Gholiagha, Sassan, Holzscheiter, Anna, and Liese, Andrea (2020b). When Norms Collide: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Difficult Choices on the Hierarchy of Norms and Values. Duck of Minerva. www.duckofminerva.com/2020/05/when-norms-collide-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-difficult-choices-on-the-hierarchy-of-norms-and-values.html.Google Scholar

Gholiagha, Sassan, and Loges, Bastian (2020). Telling the story of R2P: The emplotment of R2P in the UN Security Council’s debates on Libya. In Hunt, Charles T., and Orchard, Phil, eds., Constructing the Responsibility to Protect. Abingdon; Oxon; New York: Routledge, 69–88.Google Scholar

Gholiagha, Sassan, and Wiener, Antje (2013). Responsibility to Protect. https://verfassungsblog.de/responsibility-to-protect-a-political-science-perspective-on-the-international-law-section-of-the-coalition-agreement/.Google Scholar

Giddens, Anthony (1993). New Rules of Sociological Method. 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Gifkins, Jess (2016). R2P in the UN Security Council: Darfur, Libya, and beyond. Cooperation and Conflict, 5(2), 148–165.Google Scholar

Gil Gil, Alicia, and Maculan, Elena (2015). Current trends in the definition of ‘perpetrator’ by the International Criminal Court: From the decision on the confirmation of charges in the Lubanga case to the Katanga judgment. Leiden Journal of International Law, 28(2), 349–371.Google Scholar

Gildemeister, Regine (2003). Geschlechterforschung (gender studies). In Uwe, Flick, Ernst, von Kardorff, and Ines, Steinke, eds., Qualitative Forschung. 2nd ed. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, 213–223.Google Scholar

Gillespie, Alex, and Cornish, Flora (2014). Sensitizing questions: A method to facilitate analyzing the meaning of an utterance. Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science, 48(4), 435–452.Google Scholar

Giumelli, Francesco, and Costa Buranelli, Filippo (2020). When states and individuals meet: The UN ombudsperson as a ‘contact point’ between international and world society. International Relations, 34(1), 46–66.Google Scholar

Glanville, Luke (2014). Armed humanitarian intervention and the problem of abuse after Libya. In Scheid, Don E., ed., The Ethics of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 148–165.Google Scholar

Glanville, Luke (2016). Does R2P matter? Interpreting the impact of a norm. Cooperation and Conflict, 51(2), 184–199.Google Scholar

Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (2021). UN Security Council Resolutions and Presidential Statements Referencing R2P. www.globalr2p.org/resources/un-security-council-resolutions-and-presidential-statements-referencing-r2p/.Google Scholar

Goetz, John, and Winkler, Willi (2014). Die kalte Sprache des gezielten Tötens. Süddeutsche Zeitung, 19 December 2014.Google Scholar

Gómez-Mera, Laura (2016). Regime complexity and global governance: The case of trafficking in persons. European Journal of International Relations, 22(3), 566–595.Google Scholar

Goppel, Anna (2013). Killing Terrorists. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar

Gorlick, Brian (2000). Human rights and refugees: Enhancing protection through international human rights law. Nordic Journal of International Law, 69(2), 117–177.Google Scholar

Gorski, Simone (2011). Individuals in International Law. In Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. https://opil.ouplaw.com/home/mpil.Google Scholar

Gött, Henner (2013). Die Lehre von den Völkerrechtssubjekten und die Entfaltung der internationalen Rechtsordnung. www.juwiss.de/die-lehre-von-den-volkerrechtssubjekten-und-die-entfaltung-der-internationalen-rechtsordnung/.Google Scholar

Grant, Rebecca (1991). The source of gender bias in international relations theory. In Grant, Rebecca, and Newland, Kathleen, eds., Gender and International Relations. Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 8–26.Google Scholar

Grant, Rebecca, and Newland, Kathleen (1991). Introduction. In Grant, Rebecca, and Newland, Kathleen, eds., Gender and International Relations. Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1–7.Google Scholar

Gray, Christine (2008). International Law and the Use of Force. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gray, Christine (2013). Targeted killings: Recent US attempts to create a legal framework. Current Legal Problems, 66(1), 75–106.Google Scholar

Grayson, Kyle, and Mawdsley, Jocelyn (2019). Scopic regimes and the visual turn in international relations: Seeing world politics through the drone. European Journal of International Relations, 25(2), 431–457.Google Scholar

Gregory, Derek (2015a). Angry Eyes (1). http://geographicalimaginations.com/2015/10/01/angry-eyes-1/.Google Scholar

Gregory, Thomas (2012). Potential lives, impossible deaths. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 14(3), 327–347.Google Scholar

Gregory, Thomas (2015b). Drones, targeted killings, and the limitations of international law. International Political Sociology, 9(3), 197–212.Google Scholar

Gregory, Thomas (2016). Dismembering the dead: Violence, vulnerability and the body in war. European Journal of International Relations, 22(4), 944–965.Google Scholar

Gregory, Thomas (2017). Targeted killings: Drones, noncombatant immunity, and the politics of killing. Contemporary Security Policy, 38(2), 212–236.Google Scholar

Gregory, Thomas (2020). The costs of war: Condolence payments and the politics of killing civilians. Review of International Studies, 46(1), 156–176.Google Scholar

Grieco, Joseph, Ikenberry, G. J., and Mastanduno, Michael (2019). Introduction to International Relations: Perspectives, Connections, and Enduring Questions. London: Macmillan; Red Globe Press.Google Scholar

Gromes, Thorsten, and Dembinski, Matthias (2019). Practices and outcomes of humanitarian military interventions: A new data set. International Interactions, 45(6), 1032–1048.Google Scholar

Gross, Michael L. (2006). Assassination and targeted killing: Law enforcement, execution or self-defence? Journal of Applied Philosophy, 23(3), 323–335.Google Scholar

Großklaus, Mathias (2017). Friction, not erosion: Assassination norms at the fault line between sovereignty and liberal values. Contemporary Security Policy, 38(2), 260–280.Google Scholar

Gubrium, Jaber F., Holstein, James A., Marvasti, Amir B., and McKinney, Amir B., eds. (2012). The SAGE Handbook of Interview Research: The Complexity of the Craft. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.Google Scholar

Guiora, Amos N. (2013). Legitimate Target. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Guzzini, Stefano (1993). Structural power: The limits of neorealist power analysis. International Organization, 47(3), 443–478.Google Scholar

Guzzini, Stefano (2000). A reconstruction of constructivism in international relations. European Journal of International Relations, 6(2), 147–182.Google Scholar

Haacke, Jürgen (2009). Myanmar, the Responsibility to Protect, and the need for practical assistance. Global Responsibility to Protect, 1(2), 156–184.Google Scholar

Habermas, Jürgen (1999). Bestialität und Humanität: Ein Krieg an der Grenze zwischen Recht und Moral. Die ZEIT, 29 April 1999.Google Scholar

Haddad, Bassam (2015). Four Years on: Now Easy Answers in Syria (Part 1). www.jadaliyya.com/Details/31890/Four-Years-On-No-Easy-Answers-in-Syria-Part-1.Google Scholar

Hafner-Burton, Emily (2013). Making Human Rights a Reality. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Hahn, Kristina, and Holzscheiter, Anna (2013). The ambivalence of advocacy: Representation and contestation in global NGO advocacy for child workers and sex workers. Global Society, 27(4), 497–520.Google Scholar

Hailbronner, Kay (2007). Der Staat und der Einzelne als Völkerrechtssubjekt. In Wolfgang, Graf Vitzthum, ed., Völkerrecht. 4th ed. Berlin: de Gruyter, 217–325.Google Scholar

Hakimi, Monica (2014). Toward a legal theory on the Responsibility to Protect. The Yale Journal of International Law, 39(2), 247–280.Google Scholar

Halberstam, Daniel, and Stein, Eric (2009). The United Nations, the European Union, and the King of Sweden: Economic sanctions and individual rights in a plural world order. Common Market Law Review, 46, 13–72.Google Scholar

Hall, Stephanie (2014). Help wanted: American drone program needs multifaceted support to be effective. Journal of Strategic Security, 7(4), 57–80.Google Scholar

Hammady, Omar (2018). What went wrong with Libya’s failed elections. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/18/libya-elections-2021-postponed/.Google Scholar

Hanrieder, Tine (2011). The false promise of the better argument. International Theory, 3(3), 390–415.Google Scholar

Hansen, Lene (2006). Security as Practice. Oxford; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hansen-Magnusson, Hannes (2020). International Relations as Politics among People. Abingdon; Oxon; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hansen-Magnusson, Hannes, and Vetterlein, Antje, eds. (2020). The Rise of Responsibility in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Harding, Sandra (1986). The instability of the analytical categories of feminist theory. Signs, 11(4), 645–664.Google Scholar

Harper, Douglas (2021a). Guilty. www.etymonline.com/word/guilty.Google Scholar

Harper, Douglas (2021b). Innocence.www.etymonline.com/word/innocence.Google Scholar

Harré, Rom, and van Langenhove, Luk, eds. (1999a). Positioning Theory: Moral Contexts of Intentional Action. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Harré, Rom, and van Langenhove, Luk (1999b). The dynamics of social episodes. In Harré, Rom, and van Langenhove, Luk, eds., Positioning Theory: Moral Contexts of Intentional Action. Malden: Blackwell, 1–13.Google Scholar

Harris Rimmer, Susan (2015). Is the Responsibility to Protect doctrine gender-neutral. In Thakur, Ramesh, and Maley, William, eds., Theorising the Responsibility to Protect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 266–284.Google Scholar

Hartsock, Nancy C. (1987). The feminist standpoint: Developing the ground for a specifically feminist historical materialism. In Harding, Sandra, ed., Feminism and Methodology: Social Science Issues. Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 157–180.Google Scholar

Hay, Colin (2002). Political Analysis. Houndmills; Basingstoke; Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Hehir, Aidan (2010). The Responsibility to Protect: ‘sound and fury signifying nothing’? International Relations, 24(2), 218–239.Google Scholar

Hehir, Aidan (2011). The Responsibility to Protect in international political discourse: Encouraging statement of intent or illusory platitudes? The International Journal of Human Rights, 15(8), 1331–1348.Google Scholar

Hehir, Aidan (2012). The Responsibility to Protect. Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Hehir, Aidan (2016). Assessing the influence of the Responsibility to Protect on the UN Security Council during the Arab Spring. Cooperation and Conflict, 51(2), 166–183.Google Scholar

Hehir, Aidan (2018a). Hollow Norms and the Responsibility to Protect. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Hehir, Aidan (2018b). The lack of ‘responsibility’ in the Responsibility to Protect. In Ulbert, Cornelia, Finkenbusch, Peter, Sondermann, Elena, and Debiel, Tobias, eds., Moral Agency and the Politics of Responsibility. London; New York: Routledge, 71–84.Google Scholar

Hehir, Aidan, and Pattison, James (2016). Introduction: The Responsibility to Protect after the Arab Spring. Cooperation and Conflict, 51(2), 141–147.Google Scholar

Helfferich, Cornelia (2011). Die Qualität qualitativer Daten. 4th ed. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.Google Scholar

Heller, Joseph (1961). Catch-22. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar

Heller, Kevin J. (2006). The shadow side of complementarity: The effect of article 17 of the Rome Statute on national due process. Criminal Law Forum, 17(3–4), 255–280.Google Scholar

Heller, Kevin J. (2013). ‘One hell of a killing machine’. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 11(1), 89–119.Google Scholar

Heller, Kevin J. (2014). Let’s Call Killing Al-Awlaki What It Still Is – Murder. http://opiniojuris.org/2014/06/23/lets-call-killing-al-awlaki-still-murder/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=lets-call-killing-al-awlaki-still-murder.Google Scholar

Heller, Kevin J. (2015). The use and abuse of analogy in IHL. In Ohlin, Jens David, eds, Theoretical Boundaries of Armed Conflict and Human Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 232–286.Google Scholar

Henriksen, Anders (2014). Jus ad bellum and American targeted use of force to fight terrorism around the world. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 19(2), 211–250.Google Scholar

Herborth, Benjamin (2004). Die via media als konstitutionstheoretische Einbahnstraße. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 11(1), 61–87.Google Scholar

Herborth, Benjamin (2012). The elusive nature of human nature: Hidden essentialism and the flight from social theory. International Studies Review, 14(4), 660–663.Google Scholar

Heupel, Monika, and Zürn, Michael, eds. (2017). Protecting the Individual from International Authority: Human Rights in International Organizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Heyns, Christof (2013). The Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions. (A/68/382). https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N13/473/63/pdf/N1347363.pdf.Google Scholar

Heyns, Christof, Akande, Dapo, Hill-Cawthorne, Lawrence, and Chengeta, Thompson (2016). The international law framework regulating the use of armed drones. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 65(4), 791–827.Google Scholar

Hiéramente, Mayeul (2013). Wahlen in Zeiten der Strafverfolgung. Die Friedenswarte: Journal of International Peace and Organization, 88(1–2), 187–205.Google Scholar

Higgins, Rosalyn (1978). Conceptual thinking about the individual in international law. British Journal of International Studies, 4(1), 1–19.Google Scholar

Higgins, Rosalyn (1978–1979). Conceptual thinking about the individual in international law. New York Law School Law Review, 24, 11–29.Google Scholar

Higgins, Rosalyn (1994). Problems and Process. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar

High Representative of Disarmament Affairs (2021). Briefing to the Security Council on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 2118 (2013) On the Elimination of the Chemical Weapons Programme of the Syrian Arab Republic. https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/05.06.21-Briefing-to-the-Security-Council-on-the-implementation-of-Security-Council-resolution-2118-2013-on-the-elimination-of-the-chemical-weapons-programme-of-the-Syrian-Arab-Republic--2.pdf.Google Scholar

Hill, Christopher (1999). ‘Where are we going?’ international relations and the voices from below. Review of International Studies, 25(1), 107–122.Google Scholar

Hillebrecht, Courtney (2020). International criminal accountability and the domestic politics of resistance: Case studies from Kenya and Lebanon. Law & Society Review, 54(2), 453–486.Google Scholar

Hinnebusch, Raymond (2020). Proxy wars and spheres of influence in post-ISIS Syria. IEMEd Mediterranean Yearbook 2020, 78–83.Google Scholar

Hinnebusch, Raymond, and Saouli, Adham, eds. (2020). The War for Syria: Regional and International Dimensions of the Syrian Uprising. Abingdon; Oxon; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hlavkova, Monika (2014). Reconstructing the civilian/combatant divide: A fresh look at targeting in non-international armed conflict. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 19(2), 251–278.Google Scholar

Hobbes, Thomas (1966 [1651]). Leviathan. Neuwied; Berlin: Hermann Luchterhand Verlag GmbH.Google Scholar

Hobbs, Patricia (2020). The catalysing effect of the Rome Statute in Africa: Positive complementarity and self-referrals. Criminal Law Forum, 31(3), 345–376.Google Scholar

Hofius, Maren (2015). Constituting Community, Practicing Boundaries: European Union Diplomacy in Ukraine. PhD Thesis, University of Hamburg.Google Scholar

Hofius, Maren (2020). Towards a ‘theory of the gap’: Addressing the relationship between practice and theory. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 9(1), 169–182.Google Scholar

Hofius, Maren, Wilkens, Jan, Hansen-Magnusson, Hannes, and Gholiagha, Sassan (2014). Den Schleier lichten? Kritische Normenforschung, Freiheit und Gleichberechtigung im Kontext des ‘Arabischen Frühlings’. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 21(2), 85–105.Google Scholar

Hollis, Martin, and Smith, Steve (1990). Explaining and Understanding International Relations. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Hollway, Wendy (1984). Gender difference and the production of subjectivity. In Henriques, Julian, Urwin, Cathy, Hollway, Wendy, Venn, Couze, and Walkerdine, Valerie, eds., Changing the Subject. London; New York: Methuen, 227–263Google Scholar

Holmes, Marcus, Jordan, Richard, and Parajon, Eric (2021). Assessing the renaissance of individuals in international relations. PS: Political Science & Politics, 542(2), 214–219.Google Scholar

Holmes, Marcus, and Wheeler, Nicholas J. (2020). Social bonding in diplomacy. International Theory, 12(1), 133–161.Google Scholar

Holzgrefe, Jeff L., and Keohane, Robert O., eds. (2003). Humanitarian Intervention: Ethic, Legal and Political Dilemmas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Holzscheiter, Anna (2005). Discourse as capability: Non-state actors’ capital in global governance. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 33(3), 723–746.Google Scholar

Holzscheiter, Anna (2010). Children’s Rights in International Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Holzscheiter, Anna (2014). Between communicative interaction and structures of signification: Discourse theory and analysis in international relations. International Studies Perspectives, 15(2), 142–162.Google Scholar

Holzscheiter, Anna (2016). Representation as power and performative practice: Global civil society advocacy for working children. Review of International Studies, 42, 205–226.Google Scholar

Holzscheiter, Anna (2017a). The Politics of Age: Children and Older Persons as Contested Subjects in International Human Rights Law-Making. Conference paper presented at the 5th open section conference of the German Political Science Association (DVPW) IR Section, 4–6 October 2017, Bremen. On file with author.Google Scholar

Holzscheiter, Anna (2017b). Was vom arguing übrigblieb …. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 24(1), 143–159.Google Scholar

Holzscheiter, Anna, Gholiagha, Sassan, and Liese, Andrea (2022). Advocacy coalitions and norm collisions: Insights from international drug control, human trafficking, and child labour. Global Society, 36(1), 25–48.Google Scholar

Hoover, Joseph (2012). Reconstructing responsibility and moral agency in world politics. International Theory, 4(2), 233–268.Google Scholar

Hopgood, Stephen (2017). Human rights on the road to nowhere. In Hopgood, Stephen, Snyder, Jack, and Vinjamuri, Leslie, eds., Human Rights Futures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 283–310.Google Scholar

Hopgood, Stephen, Snyder, Jack, and Vinjamuri, Leslie, eds. (2017a). Human Rights Futures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hopgood, Stephen, Snyder, Jack, and Vinjamuri, Leslie, (2017b). Introduction: Human rights past, present, and future. In Hopgood, Stephen, Snyder, Jack, and Vinjamuri, Leslie, eds., Human Rights Futures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–23.Google Scholar

Hülsse, Rainer (2007). Creating demand for global governance: The making of a global money-laundering problem. Global Society, 21(2), 155–178.Google Scholar

Human Rights Council (2011). The Current Human Rights Situation in the Syrian Arab Republic in the Context of Recent Events. (A/HRC/RES/S-16/1). https://undocs.org/A/HRC/RES/S-16/1.Google Scholar

Human Rights Council (2012). Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Libya. www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session19/A.HRC.19.68.pdf.Google Scholar

Human Rights Watch (2013). ‘Between a Drone and Al-Qaeda” - the Civilian Cost of US Targeted Killings in Yemen. www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/yemen1013web.pdf.Google Scholar

Hunt, Charles T. (2016). Emerging powers and the Responsibility to Protect: Non-linear norm dynamics in complex international society. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29(3), 870–890.Google Scholar

Hunt, Charles T., and Orchard, Phil, eds. (2020a). Constructing the Responsibility to Protect. Abingdon; Oxon; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hunt, Charles T., and Orchard, Phil, (2020b). Introduction: Consolidation and contestation of the Responsibility to Protect. In Hunt, Charles T. and Orchard, Phil, eds., Constructing the Responsibility to Protect. Abingdon; Oxon; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hunt, Lynn (2007). Inventing Human Rights: A History. 1st ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar

ICC (2009). Warrant of Arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir. www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc639078.pdf.Google Scholar

ICC (2010a). Situation in the Republic of Kenya. (ICC-01/09). www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc854287.pdf.Google Scholar

ICC (2010b). Second Warrant of Arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir. www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200205/related%20cases/icc02050109/court%20records/chambers/ptci/Pages/95.aspx.Google Scholar

ICC (2011a). Decision on the ‘Prosecutor’s Application Pursuant to Article 58 as to Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar GADDAFI, Saif Al-Islam GADDAFI and Abdullah ALSENUSSI’. www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1101337.pdf.Google Scholar

ICC (2011b). Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for Summons to Appear for William Samoei Ruto, Henry Kiprono Kosgey and Joshua Arap Sang. www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2011_02585.PDF.Google Scholar

ICC (2011c). Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for Summonses to Appear for Francis Kirimi Muthaura, Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta and Mohammed Hussein Ali. www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2011_02586.PDF.Google Scholar

ICC (2013). Decision on the Admissibility of the Case Against Abdullah Al-Senussi. (ICC-01/11-01/11). www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2013_07445.PDF.Google Scholar

ICC (2014). Notice of Withdrawal of the Charges Against Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta. (ICC-01/09-02/11). www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2014_09939.PDF.Google Scholar

ICC (2015). Case Information Sheet: Situation in the Republic of Kenya – the Prosecutor vs Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta. (ICC-PIDS-CIS-KEN-02-014/15_Eng). www.icc-cpi.int/CaseInformationSheets/kenyattaEng.pdf.Google Scholar

ICC (2019a). Case Information Sheet: Situation in Libya – the Prosecutor V. Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi. www.icc-cpi.int/CaseInformationSheets/gaddafiEng.pdf.Google Scholar

ICC (2019b). Crime of Aggression – Amendments Ratification. https://asp.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/crime%20of%20aggression/Pages/default.aspx.Google Scholar

ICC (2019c). Decision on the ‘Admissibility Challenge by Dr. Saif Al-Islam Gadafi Pursuant to Articles 17(1)©, 19 and 20(3) Of the Rome Statute’. www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo=ICC-01/11-01/11-662.Google Scholar

ICC (2020a). Kenya. www.icc-cpi.int/kenya.Google Scholar

ICC (2020b). Libya. www.icc-cpi.int/libya.Google Scholar

ICC (2020c). Situations under Investigation. www.icc-cpi.int/pages/situation.aspx.Google Scholar

ICC (2020d). Judgment on the Appeal of Mr Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi Against the Decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I Entitled ‘Decision on the “Admissibility Challenge by Dr. Saif Al-Islam Gadafi Pursuant to Articles 17(1)©, 19 and 20(3) Of the Rome Statute”’ of 5 April 2019. www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo=ICC-01/11-01/11-695.Google Scholar

ICC (2021a). Afghanistan. www.icc-cpi.int/afghanistan.Google Scholar

ICC (2021b). Ongwen Case. www.icc-cpi.int/uganda/ongwen.Google Scholar

ICC (2021c). Situation in Uganda in the Case of the Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen. www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2021_01026.PDF.Google Scholar

ICC (2021d). The Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen. www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2021_04230.PDF.Google Scholar

ICISS (2001). The Responsibility to Protect. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.Google Scholar

ICJ (1951). Reservations on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. I.C.J. Reports. www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/12/4285.pdf.Google Scholar

ICJ (1996). Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons. I.C.J. Reports. www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/95/7495.pdf.Google Scholar

ICJ (2001). LaGrand Case (Germany v. United States of America). I.C.J. Reports. www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/104/7736.pdf.Google Scholar

ICJ (2007). Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. I.C.J. Reports. http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/91/13685.pdf.Google Scholar

ICJ (2021). Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar). www.icj-cij.org/en/case/178.Google Scholar

ICRtoP (2009). General Assembly Debate on the Responsibility to Protect and Informal Interactive Dialogue. www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/index.php/component/content/article/35-r2pcs-topics/2493-general-assembly-debate-on-the-responsibility-to-protect-and-informal-interactive-dialogue-.Google Scholar

ICTY (1995). PROSECUTOR V.DUSKO TADIC A/k/a ‘DULE’. www.icty.org/x/cases/tadic/acdec/en/51002.htm.Google Scholar

ICTY (2001). Prosectur v. Dragoljub Kunarac Radomir Kovac and Zoran Vukovic. www.icty.org/x/cases/kunarac/tjug/en/kun-tj010222e.pdf.Google Scholar

Ignatieff, Michael (2017). Human rights, global ethics, and the ordinary virtues. Ethics & International Affairs, 31(1), 3–16.Google Scholar

Independent International Commission on Kosovo (2000). The Kosovo Report. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

International Crisis Group (2019). Averting an ISIS Resurgence in Iraq and Syria. (Middle East report No 207). https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/207-averting-an-isis-resurgence.pdf.Google Scholar

International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic (Stanford Law School) and Global Justice Clinic (NYU School of Law) (2012). Living Under Drones: Death, Injury, and Trauma to Civilians from US Drone Practices in Pakistan. https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/publication/313671/doc/slspublic/Stanford_NYU_LIVING_UNDER_DRONES.pdf.Google Scholar

Ipsen, Knut, Menzel, Eberhard, and Epping, Volker (2004). Völkerrecht. 5th ed. München: Beck.Google Scholar

Isiksel, Türküler (2010). Fundamental rights in the EU after Kadi and Al Barakaat. European Law Journal, 16(5), 551–577.Google Scholar

Isiksel, Türküler, and Thies, Anne (2013). Introduction. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 2(2), 151–159.Google Scholar

Jabareen, Yosef (2009). Building a conceptual framework: Philosophy, definitions, and procedure. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(4), 49–62.Google Scholar

Jackson, Patrick T. (2011). The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations. London; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Jackson, Patrick T., and Nexon, Daniel H. (1999). Relations before states: Substance, process and the study of world politics. European Journal of International Relations, 5(3), 291–332.Google Scholar

Jackson, Robert (2007). Sovereignty. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Jacobi, Daniel (2015). On the social (re)construction of the human in world politics. In Jacobi, Daniel, and Freyberg-Inan, Annette, eds., Human Beings in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 247–265.Google Scholar

Jacobi, Daniel, and Freyberg-Inan, Annette (2012). The forum: Human being(s) in international relations. International Studies Review, 14(4), 645–665.Google Scholar

Jacobi, Daniel, and Freyberg-Inan, Annette eds. (2015a). Human Beings in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Jacobi, Daniel, and Freyberg-Inan, Annette (2015b). Introduction. In Jacobi, Daniel, and Freyberg-Inan, Annette, eds., Human Beings in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–31.Google Scholar

Jacobs, Dov (2013). A shifting scale of power: Who is in charge of the charges at the International Criminal Court. In Schabas, William A., McDermott, Yvonne, and Hayes, Niamh, eds., The Ashgate Research Companion to International Criminal Law: Critical Perspectives. Surrey; Burlington: Ashgate, 205–222.Google Scholar

Jacobson, David (1997). Rights across Borders. Immigration and the Decline of Citizenship. Baltimore; London: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Jaeger, Hans-Martin (1996). Konstruktionsfehler des Konstruktivismus in den Internationalen Beziehungen. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 3(2), 313–340.Google Scholar

Jahn-Koch, Ingrid, and Koch, Michael (2014). Bewaffnete Drohnen – Teufelszeug oder Waffen wie andere? Eine völkerrechtliche Überprüfung. In Jost, Delbrück, Ursula, Heinz, Kerstin, Odendahl, Nele, Matz-Lück, and Andreas, von Arnauld, eds., Aus Kiel in die Welt. Kiel‘s Contribution to International Law: Essays in Honour of the 100th Anniversary of the Walther-Schücking Institut for International Law. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 265–315.Google Scholar

Jarvis, Samuel (2018). Assessing the Responsibility to Protect’s motivational capacity: The role of humanity. Journal of International Political Theory, 14(1), 107–124.Google Scholar

Jawad, Rana (2017). What Next for Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi? www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-40246964.Google Scholar

Jessberger, Florian, and Geneuss, Julia, eds. (2020). Why Punish Perpetrators of Mass Atrocities? New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Job, Brian L. (2016). Evolution, retreat or rejection: Brazil’s, India’s and China’s normative stances on R2P. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29(3), 891–910.Google Scholar

Johnson, Toni A. (2016). LGBTI rights: The international context. In Steans, Jill, and Tepe-Belfrage, Daniela, eds., Handbook on Gender in World Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 153–161.Google Scholar

Joint Chiefs of Staff (2013). Joint Targeting. www.aclu.org/files/dronefoia/dod/drone_dod_jp3_60.pdf.Google Scholar

Jose, Betcy (2017a). Bin Laden’s targeted killing and emerging norms. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 10(1), 44–66.Google Scholar

Jose, Betcy (2017b). Not completely the new normal: How human rights watch tried to suppress the targeted killing norm. Contemporary Security Policy, 38(2), 237–259.Google Scholar

Juma, Monica K. (2009). African mediation of the Kenyan post-2007 election crisis. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 27(3), 407–430.Google Scholar

Jurkovich, Michelle (2020). What isn’t a norm? Redefining the conceptual boundaries of ‘norms’ in the human rights literature. International Studies Review, 22, 693–711.Google Scholar

Kaldor, Mary (1999). New & Old Wars. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Kaldor, Mary (2005). Old wars, cold wars, new wars, and the war on terror. International Politics, 42(4), 491–498.Google Scholar

Kaldor, Mary (2013). In defence of new wars. Stability, 2(1), 1–16.Google Scholar

Kaleck, Wolfgang (2012). Mit zweierlei Maß. Berlin: Wagenbach.Google Scholar

Karahamad, Mustafa (2021). Counter-Terrorism for Peace – Syria between the Russian-Led Coercive Peace and the United States’ Withdrawal. https://blog.prif.org/2021/02/24/counter-terrorism-for-peace-syria-between-the-russian-led-coercive-peace-and-the-united-states-withdrawal/.Google Scholar

Katzenstein, Peter J. (1996). Introduction: Alternative perspectives on national security. In Katzenstein, Peter J., ed., The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1–32.Google Scholar

Kaukoranta, Päivi (2010). Finnish perspectives on the ICC and R2P. Finnish Yearbook of International Law, 21, 15–19.Google Scholar

Kaul, Hans-Peter (2013). Der Internationale Strafgerichtshof: Ein Spielball der Politik? Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Internationale Tagung: ‘Staatspräsidenten vor Gericht: Die Verfahren gegen amtierende Regierungschefs aus Afrika als Meilenstein für die internationale Strafjustiz?’, Berlin 5 November 2013.Google Scholar

Keck, Margaret E., and Sikkink, Kathryn (1998). Activities beyond Borders. Ithaca; London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Kelle, Udo (1996). Die Bedeutung theoretischen Vorwissens in der Methodologie der Grounded Theory. In Strobl, Rainer, and Böttger, Andreas, eds., Wahre Geschichten? Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 23–47.Google Scholar

Keller, Reiner (2005). Analysing discourse: An approach from the sociology of knowledge. Forum Qualitative Social Research, 6(3), 32.Google Scholar

Kennedy, Caroline, and Rogers, James I. (2015). Virtuous drones? The International Journal of Human Rights, 19(2), 211–227.Google Scholar

Kennedy, David (2016). A World of Struggle: How Power, Law, and Expertise Shape Global Political Economy. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Kennedy, David W. (1988). A new stream of international law scholarship. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 7(1), 1–49.Google Scholar

Kennedy, Duncan, and Klare, Karl E. (1984). A bibliography of critical legal studies. The Yale Law Journal, 94(2), 461–490.Google Scholar

Keohane, Robert O. (1991). International relations theory: Contributions of a feminist standpoint. In Grant, Rebecca, and Newland, Kathleen, eds., Gender and International Relations. Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 41–50.Google Scholar

Kersavage, Kathryn (2014). The ‘Responsibility to Protect’ our answer to ‘never again’? International Affairs Forum, 5(1), 23–41.Google Scholar

Kersten, Mark (2014a). Does Russia have a ‘Responsibility to Protect’ Ukraine? Don’t buy it. The Globe and Mail, 4 March 2014.Google Scholar

Kersten, Mark (2014b). The Lesson the ICC Shouldn’t Learn in the Wake of Kenyatta. http://justiceinconflict.org/2014/12/07/the-lesson-the-icc-shouldnt-learn-in-the-wake-of-kenyatta/.Google Scholar

Kersten, Mark (2015). The Responsibility to Protect Doctrine Is Faltering. Here’s Why … www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2015/12/08/the-responsibility-to-protect-doctrine-is-failing-heres-why/.Google Scholar

Kersten, Mark (2016). Justice in Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Kersten, Mark (2018). A fatal attraction? The UN Security Council and the relationship between R2P and the International Criminal Court. In Handmaker, Jeff, and Arts, Karin, eds., Mobilising International Law for ‘Global Justice’. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 142–162.Google Scholar

Kersten, Mark (2021). The Life and Trials of Dominic Ongwen: A JiC Symposium. https://justiceinconflict.org/2021/02/01/the-life-and-trials-of-dominic-ongwen-a-jic-symposium/.Google Scholar

Kessler, Oliver, and Werner, Wouter (2008). Extrajudicial killing as risk management. Security Dialogue, 29(2–3), 289–307.Google Scholar

Kettemann, Matthias C. (2013). The Future of Individuals in International Law. The Hague: Eleven International.Google Scholar

Kinsella, Helen M. (2011). The Image before the Weapon: A Critical History of the Distinction between Combatant and Civilian. Ithaca; London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Kinsella, Helen M. (2016). ‘With all the respect due to their sex’: Gender and international humanitarian law. In Steans, Jill, and Tepe-Belfrage, Daniela, eds., Handbook on Gender in World Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 171–178.Google Scholar

Kinsella, Helen M., and Shepherd, Laura J. (2019). ‘Well, what is the feminist perspective on international affairs?’: Theory/practice. International Affairs, 95(6), 1209–1213.Google Scholar

Kirby, Paul (2015). Ending sexual violence in conflict: The preventing sexual violence initiative and its critics. International Affairs, 91(3), 457–472.Google Scholar

Kjeldgaard-Pedersen, Astrid (2018). The International Legal Personality of the Individual. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Klotz, Audie (2008). Case Selection. In Klotz, Audie, and Prakash, Deepa, eds., Qualitative Methods in International Relations. Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan, 43–58.Google Scholar

Koh, Harold H. (2010). The Obama Administration and International Law. https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/l/releases/remarks/139119.htm.Google Scholar

Kornprobst, Markus (2011). The agent’s logic of action: Defining and mapping political judgement. International Theory, 3(1), 70–104.Google Scholar

Korobov, Neill (2001). Reconciling theory with method: From conversation analysis and critical discourse analysis to positioning analysis. Forum Qualitative Social Research, 2(3), 36.Google Scholar

Koschut, Simon (2020). A critical perspective on emotions in international relations. In Roach, Steven C., ed., Handbook of critical international relations. Cheltenham; Northampton: Edward Elgar, 72–89.Google Scholar

Kranz, Jerzey (2008). Der Kampf um den Frieden und sein besonderer Facilitator – Anmerkungen zur Georgienkrise. Archiv des Völkerrechts, 46(4), 481–501.Google Scholar

Krasmann, Susanne (2014). Der Aufstieg der Drohnen. WestEnd – Neue Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung, 11(1), 25–43.Google Scholar

Krasner, Stephen D. (1993). Westphalia and all that. In Goldstein, Judith, and Keohane, Robert O., eds., Ideas and Foreign Policy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 235–264.Google Scholar

Krasner, Stephen D. (1996). Sovereignty and intervention. In Lyons, Gene M., and Mastanduno, Michael, eds., Beyond Westphalia? Baltimore; London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 228–249.Google Scholar

Krasner, Stephen D. (1999). Sovereignty. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Kratochwil, Friedrich V. (1984a). The force of prescriptions. International Organization, 38(4), 685–708.Google Scholar

Kratochwil, Friedrich V. (1984b). Thrasymmachos revisited: On the relevance of norms and the study of law for international relations. Journal of International Affairs, 37(2), 343–356.Google Scholar

Kratochwil, Friedrich V. (1989a). Rules, Norms, and Decisions: On the Conditions of Practical and Legal Reasoning in International Relations and Domestic Affairs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Kratochwil, Friedrich V. (2000). How do norms matter? In Byers, Michael, ed., The Role of Law in International Politics. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 35–68.Google Scholar

Kratochwil, Friedrich V. (2001). Constructivism as an approach to interdisciplinary study. In Fierke, Karin M., and Jørgensen, Knud E., eds., Constructing International Relations. Armonk; London: M. E. Sharpe, 13–35.Google Scholar

Kratochwil, Friedrich V. (2008). Constructivism: What it is (not) and how it matters. In Donatella, Della Porta, and Michael, Keating, eds., Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 80–98.Google Scholar

Kratochwil, Friedrich V. (2014). The Status of Law in World Society: Meditations on the Role and Rule of Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Kratochwil, Friedrich V., and Ruggie, John G. (1986). International organization: A State of the Art on an Art of the State. International Organization, 40(4), 753–775.Google Scholar

Krell, Gert (2009). Weltbilder und Weltordnung. 4th ed. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.Google Scholar

Kreuder-Sonnen, Christian (2020). Emergency Powers of International Organizations: Between Normalization and Containment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Kreuder-Sonnen, Christian, and Zürn, Michael (2020). After fragmentation: Norm collisions, interface conflicts, and conflict management. Global Constitutionalism - Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 9(2), 241–267.Google Scholar

Krisch, Nico, Corradini, Francesco, and Reimers, Lucy L. (2020). Order at the margins: The legal construction of interface conflicts over time. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 9(2), 343–363.Google Scholar

Kronfeldner, Maria (2021). Introduction: Mapping dehumanization studies. In Kronfeldner, Maria, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Dehumanization. Abingdon; Oxon; New York: Routledge, 1–36.Google Scholar

Krook, Mona L., and True, Jacqui (2012). Rethinking the life cycles of international norms: The United Nations and the global promotion of gender equality. European Journal of International Relations, 18(1), 103–127.Google Scholar

Kruse, Jan (2014). Qualitative Interviewforschung: Ein Integrativer Ansatz. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Beltz Juventa.Google Scholar

Kumm, Mattias (2010). How does European Union law fit into the world of public law? Costa, Kadi, and three concepts of public law. In Wiener, Antje, and Neyer, Jügern, eds., Political Theory of the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 111–138.Google Scholar

Kuntz, Friederike (2018). Aporias: The International Relation, Interrelated Sovereigns, the Human Individual, and Power-Knowledge. PhD Thesis, University of Bielefeld.Google Scholar

Kurtz, Gerrit, and Rotmann, Philipp (2016). The evolution of norms of protection: Major powers debate the Responsibility to Protect. Global Society, 30(1), 3–20.Google Scholar

Labonte, Melissa (2016). R2P’s status as a norm. In Bellamy, Alex J., and Dunne, Tim, eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 133–150.Google Scholar

Landolt, Laura K. (2004). (Mis)constructing the third world? Third World Quarterly, 25(3), 579–591.Google Scholar

Lang, Anthony F. Jr. (2009). Conflicting rules: Global constitutionalism and the Kosovo intervention. Journal of Intervention and State Building, 3(2), 185–204.Google Scholar

Lang, Anthony F. (2011). Punishing genocide: A critical reading of the International Court of Justice. In Vernon, Richard, and Issacs, Tracey, eds., Accountability for Collective Wrongdoing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 92–118.Google Scholar

Lang, Anthony F. Jr., Kumm, Mattias, Wiener, Antje, Tully, James, and Maduro, Miguel P. (2013). Interdisciplinarity: Challenges and opportunities. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 2(1), 1–5.Google Scholar

Lang, Anthony F. Jr., and Williams, John (2005). Between international politics and international ethics. In Lang, Anthony F. Jr., and Williams, John, eds., Hannah Arendt and International Relations. New York; Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan, 221–232.Google Scholar

Langlois, Anthony F. (2018). International political theory and LGBTQ rights. In Brown, Chris, and Eckersley, Robyn, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Political Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 370–382.Google Scholar

Lantis, Jeffrey S. (2016). Agentic constructivism and the proliferation security initiative: Modeling norm change. Cooperation and Conflict, 51(3), 384–400.Google Scholar

Lantis, Jeffrey S., and Wunderlich, Carmen (2018). Resiliency dynamics of norm clusters: Norm contestation and international cooperation. Review of International Studies, 44(03), 570–593.Google Scholar

Lauterpacht, Hersch (1946). The Grotian tradition in international law. British Year Book of International Law, 23, 1–53.Google Scholar

Leander, Anna (2013). Technological agency in the co-constitution of legal expertise and the US drone program. Leiden Journal of International Law, 26(4), 811–831.Google Scholar

Lebow, Richard N. (2003). The Tragic Vision of Politics: Ethics, Interest and Orders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Lebow, Richard N. (2012). The palette of human nature. International Studies Review, 14(4), 646–649.Google Scholar

Lee, Steven P. (2010). The moral distinctiveness of genocide. Journal of Political Philosophy,Google Scholar

Legro, Jeffrey W. (1997). Which norms matter? International Organization, 51(1), 31–63.Google Scholar

Liber, Francis (1863). Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field (Lieber Code). https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/xsp/.ibmmodres/domino/OpenAttachment/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/A25AA5871A04919BC12563CD002D65C5/FULLTEXT/IHL-L-Code-EN.pdf.Google Scholar

Liese, Andrea (2009). Exceptional necessity: How liberal democracies contest the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment when countering terrorism. Journal of International Law and International Relations, 5(1), 17–48.Google Scholar

Lindenmayer, Elisabeth, and Kaye, Josie L. (2009). A Choice for Peace? The Story of Forty-One Days of Mediation in Kenya. New York: International Peace Institute. www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/kenyamediation_epub.pdf.Google Scholar

Linklater, Andrew (2011). The Problem of Harm in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Liste, Philip (2020). The Workings of Power in Transnational Law. (Transnational Law Institute Research Paper Series, King’s College London, Paper 24/2020). https://ssrn.com/abstract=3756985.Google Scholar

Lobasz, Jennifer K. (2019). Constructing Human Trafficking. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Loges, Bastian (2013). Schutz als neue Norm in den internationalen Beziehungen. Wiesbaden: Springer.Google Scholar

Loges, Bastian (2020). Vom Verantwortungsgefühl zur Verantwortungsübernahme: Die Schutzverantwortung der Vereinten Nationen aus Sicht des emotional turn. In Koschut, Simon, ed., Emotionen in den Internationalen Beziehungen. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 99–120.Google Scholar

Long War Journal (2021). US Airstrikes in the Long War. www.longwarjournal.org/us-airstrikes-in-the-long-war.Google Scholar

Luban, David (2010). Fairness to rightness: Jurisdiction, legality, and the legitimacy of international criminal law. In Besson, Samantha, and Tasioulas, John, eds., The Philosophy of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 569–588.Google Scholar

Lubell, Noam, and Derejko, Nathan (2013). A global battlefield? Journal of International Criminal Justice, 11(1), 65–88.Google Scholar

Lucas, George R. Jr. (2014). Revisiting armed humanitarian intervention. In Scheid, Don E., ed., The Ethics of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 26–45.Google Scholar

Luchterhandt, Otto (2008). Völkerrechtliche Aspekte des Georgien-Krieges. Archiv des Völkerrechts, 46(4), 435–480.Google Scholar

Lucius-Hoene, Gabriele, and Deppermann, Arnulf (2014). Rekonstruktion narrativer Identität. 2nd ed. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.Google Scholar

Luck, Edward C. (2015). R2P at ten: A new mindset for a new era? Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 21(4), 499–504.Google Scholar

Lynch, Cecilia (2014). Interpreting International Politics. New York; Oxon: Routledge.Google Scholar

MacDonald, Euan, and Alston, Philip (2008). Sovereignty, human rights, security: Armed intervention and the foundational problem of international law. In MacDonald, Euan, and Alston, Philip, eds., Human Rights, Intervention, and the Use of Force. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1–31.Google Scholar

Macleod, Christopher (2012). An alternative approach to the harm of genocide. POLITICS, 23(3), 197–206.Google Scholar

Malito, Debora V. (2017). The Responsibility to Protect what in Libya? Peace Review, 29(3), 289–298.Google Scholar

Malito, Debora V. (2019). Morality as a catalyst for violence: Responsibility to Protect and regime change in Libya. Politikon, 46(1), 104–121.Google Scholar

Mallavarapu, Siddharth (2015). Colonialism and the Responsibility to Protect. In Thakur, Ramesh, and Maley, William, eds., Theorising the Responsibility to Protect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 305–322.Google Scholar

Mallavarapu, Siddharth (2020). ‘After fragmentation’: Notes from the global south. Global Constitutionalism - Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 9(2), 424–436.Google Scholar

March, James G., and Olsen, Johan P. (1989). Rediscovering Institutions. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Markham, Christopher J., and Schmitt, Michael N. (2013). Precision air warfare and the law of armed conflict. Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, 43, 297–319.Google Scholar

Marlier, Grant, and Crawford, Neta C. (2013). Incomplete and imperfect institutionalisation of empathy and altruism in the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ doctrine. Global Responsibility to Protect, 5(4), 397–422.Google Scholar

Martin, Craig (2015). A means-methods paradox and the legality of drone strikes in armed conflict. The International Journal of Human Rights, 19(2), 142–175.Google Scholar

Maunganidze, Ottilia A., and Du Plessis, Anton (2015). The ICC and the AU. In Stahn, Carsten, ed., The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 65–83.Google Scholar

Maxwell, Mark (2012). Rebutting the civilian presumption: Playing whack-a-mole without a mallet. In Finkelstein, Claire, Ohlin, Jens D., and Altman, Andrew, eds., Targeted Killing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 31–59.Google Scholar

May, Larry (2013). Targeted killings and proportionality in law. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 11(1), 47–63.Google Scholar

Mayer, Jane (2009). The predator war: What are the risks of the C.I.A.’s covert drone program? The New Yorker, 26 October 2009.Google Scholar

Mazetti, Mark, Savage, Charlie, and Shane, Scott (2013). How a U.S. Citizen came to be in america’s cross hairs. The New York Times, 9 March 2013.Google Scholar

Mburu, Daniel M. (2018). The lost Kenyan duel: The role of politics in the collapse of the International Criminal Court cases against Ruto and Kenyatta. International Criminal Law Review, 18(6), 1015–1047.Google Scholar

McCorquodale, Robert (2004). An inclusive international legal system. Leiden Journal of International Law, 17, 477–504.Google Scholar

McCorquodale, Robert (2006). The individual and the international legal system. In Evans, Malcolm D., ed., International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2nd ed. 307–332.Google Scholar

McCorquodale, Robert (2017). Sources and the subjects of international law: A plurality of law-making participants. In Besson, Samantha, and Jean, D‘Aspremont, eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Sources of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 749–768.Google Scholar

McCourt, David M. (2016). Practice theory and relationalism as the new constructivism. International Studies Quarterly, 60(3), 475–485.Google Scholar

McElroy, Damien (2012). Colonel Gaddafi Died After Being Stabbed with Bayonet, Says Report. www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/9613394/Colonel-Gaddafi-died-after-being-stabbed-with-bayonet-says-report.html.Google Scholar

McNeal, Gregory S. (2012). Are targeted killings unlawful? In Finkelstein, Claire, Ohlin, Jens D., and Altman, Andrew, eds., Targeted Killing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 326–346.Google Scholar

Mearsheimer, John J. (2010). Structural realism. In Dunne, Timothy, Kurki, Milja, and Smith, Steve, eds., International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 77–94.Google Scholar

Meggido, Tamar (2019). Beyond fragmentation: On international law’s integrationist forces. The Yale Journal of International Law, 44, 115–147.Google Scholar

Mégret, Frédéric (2010). ICC, R2P, and the international community’s evolving interventionist toolkit. Finnish Yearbook of International Law, 21, 21–51.Google Scholar

Mégret, Frédéric (2017). The subjects of international criminal law. In Kastner, Philipp, ed., International criminal law in context. London: Routledge, 28–45.CrossRef Google Scholar

Mégret, Frédéric (2018). The repentant defendant and the potential of international criminal justice. Contemporary Justice Review, 21(4), 432–454.Google Scholar

Mégret, Frédéric (2019). ‘Bring forth the accused!’ defendant attitudes and the intimate legitimacy of the international criminal trial. Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law, 36(3), 397–476.Google Scholar

Mégret, Frédéric, and Giles Samson, Marika (2013). Holding the line on complementarity in Libya: The case for tolerating flawed domestic trials. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 11(3), 571–589.Google Scholar

Mégret, Frédéric, and Giles Samson, Marika (2019). Defiance, defence, repentance and what lies between. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 17(1), 151–177.Google Scholar

Mégret, Frédéric, and Scalia, Damiel (2019). Foreword. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 17(1), 101–103.Google Scholar

Meisels, Tamar (2012). In defense of the defenseless: The morality of the laws of war. Political Studies, 60(4), 919–935.CrossRef Google Scholar

Melzer, Nils (2007). Targeted Killing. Zürich; Basel; Genf: Schulthess Juristische Medien AG.Google Scholar

Members of Congress (2012). Letter to President Obama. http://goodtimesweb.org/covert-operations/2014/Ltr-to-President-Obama-Sig-Strikes-06-12-2012.pdf.Google Scholar

Meron, Theodor (2006). The Humanization of International Law. Leiden: Nijhoff.Google Scholar

Michaels, Ralf, and Paulwelyn, Joost (2011). Conflict of norms or conflict of laws. Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 22, 349.Google Scholar

Michel, Torsten (2018). Of particles and humans: The question of ‘human being’ in Alexander Wendt’s quantum mind and social science. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 47(1), 114–127.Google Scholar

Miliband, David (2014). Syria May Be Lost, but We Must Stand by Its Victims. www.rescue.org/blog/david-miliband-syria-may-be-lost-we-must-stand-its-victims-commentary.Google Scholar

Milliken, Jennifer (1999). The study of discourse in international relations: A critique of research and methods. European Journal of International Relations, 5(2), 225–254.Google Scholar

Milliken, Jennifer (2001). Discourse Study: Bringing Rigor to Critical Theory. In Fierke, Karin M., and Jørgensen, Knud E., eds., Constructing International Relations. Armonk; London: M. E. Sharpe, 136–159.Google Scholar

Mills, Kurt (2015). Bashir in South Africa: Defeat, Victory or Both for International Criminal Justice? https://justiceinconflict.org/2015/06/16/bashir-in-south-africa-defeat-victory-or-both-for-international-criminal-justice/.Google Scholar

Mills, Kurt, and Bloomfield, Alan (2018). African resistance to the International Criminal Court: Halting the advance of the anti-impunity norm. Review of International Studies, 44(1), 101–127.Google Scholar

Moe, Louise W., and Geis, Anna (2020). From liberal interventionism to stabilisation: A new consensus on norm-downsizing in interventions in Africa. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 9(2), 387–412.Google Scholar

Moravcsik, Andrew (2008). The new liberalism. In Reus-Smit, Christian, and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 234–254.Google Scholar

Moreno-Lax, Violeta, and Papastavridis, Efthymios, eds. (2017). Boat Refugees and Migrants at Sea. Leiden; Boston: Brill Nijhoff.Google Scholar

Morgenthau, Hans J. (1954). Politics among Nations. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar

Morgenthau, Hans J. (1962). The Decline of Democratic Politics. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Morris, Justin (2013). Libya and Syria: R2P and the spectre of the swinging pendulum. International Affairs, 89(5), 1265–1283.Google Scholar

Morris, Justin (2016). The Responsibility to Protect and the use of force: Remaking the procrustean bed? Cooperation and Conflict, 51(2), 200–215.Google Scholar

Morse, Janice M. (2012). The implications of interview type and structure in mixed-method designs. In Gubrium, Jaber F., Holstein, James A., Marvasti, Amir B., and McKinney, Amir B., eds., The SAGE Handbook of Interview Research: The Complexity of the Craft. Thousand Oaks: SAGE, 193–206.Google Scholar

Moyn, Samuel (2014). Human Rights and the Uses of History. London; New York: Verso.Google Scholar

Müller, Harald (1994). Internationale Beziehungen als kommunikatives Handeln. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 1(1), 15–44.Google Scholar

Murphy, Liam (2010). International responsibility. In Besson, Samantha, and Tasioulas, John, eds., The Philosophy of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 299–315.Google Scholar

Mutua, Makau (2016). Human Rights Standards. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Nagel, Thomas (1972). War and Massacre. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 1(2), 123–144.Google Scholar

Nahlawi, Yasmine (2019). Overcoming Russian and Chinese vetoes on Syria through Uniting for Peace. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 24(1), 111–143.Google Scholar

Narozhna, Tanya (2021). The lived body, everyday and generative powers of war: Toward an embodied ontology of war as experience. International Theory, Online First, 1–23.Google Scholar

Nash, Sarah L. (2019). Negotiating Migration in the Context of Climate Change: International Policy and Discourse. Bristol; Chicago: Bristol University Press.Google Scholar

NATO (1999a). NATO’s Role in Relation to the Conflict in Kosovo. www.nato.int/kosovo/history.htm.Google Scholar

NATO (1999b). Statement on Kosovo Issued by the Heads of State and Government Participating in the Meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Washington, D.C. (Press Release S-1(99) 062). www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_27441.htm?selectedLocale=en.Google Scholar

NATO (2021). Collective Defence – Article 5. www.nato.int/cps/ar/natohq/topics_110496.htm?.Google Scholar

Navarrete-Frías, Carolina, and Thoumi, Francisco E. (2005). Illegal Drugs and Human Rights of Peasants and Indigenous Communities: The Case of Peru. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000140241.Google Scholar

NBC (2013). CIA Didn’t Always Know Who It Was Killing in Drone Strikes, Classified Documents Show. www.nbcmiami.com/news/national-international/natl-cia-didnt-always-know-who-drone-strikes-killed/2039518/.Google Scholar

Neuman, William L. (2006). Field Research. In Neuman, William L., ed., Social research methods. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson, 378–417.Google Scholar

Neumann, Iver B. (1996). Self and other in international relations. European Journal of International Relations 2, 139–174.Google Scholar

Neumann, Iver B. (2002). Returning practice to the linguistic turn: The case of diplomacy. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 31(3), 627–651.Google Scholar

Neumann, Iver B. (2008). Discourse analysis. In Klotz, Audie, and Prakash, Deepa, eds., Qualitative Methods in International Relations. Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan, 61–77.Google Scholar

Newman, Edward (2001). Human security and constructivism. International Studies Perspectives, 2(3), 239–251.Google Scholar

Nichols, Lionel (2015). The International Criminal Court and the End of Impunity in Kenya. Cham; Heidelberg; New York; Dordrecht; London: Springer.Google Scholar

Niemann, Holger, and Schillinger, Henrik (2017). Contestation ‘all the way down’? The grammar of contestation in norm research. Review of International Studies, 43(01), 29–49.Google Scholar

Nijman, Janne E. (2004). The Concept of International Legal Personality. The Hague: T. M. C. Asser Press.Google Scholar

Norgaard, Carl A. (1962). The Position of the Individual in International Law. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.Google Scholar

Nuñez-Mietz, Fernando G. (2018). Legalization and the legitimation of the use of force: Revisiting Kosovo. International Organization, 72(3), 725–757.Google Scholar

Nylen, Alexandria J. (2020). Frontier justice: International law and ‘lawless’ spaces in the ‘war on terror’. European Journal of International Relations, 26(3), 627–659.Google Scholar

Obama, Barack (2013). Remarks by the President at the National Defense University. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/23/remarks-president-national-defense-university.Google Scholar

Obama, Barack, Cameron, David, and Sarkozy, Nicolas (2011). Libya’s pathway to peace. The New York Times, 14 April 2011.Google Scholar

Office of the Assistant Attorney General (2010). Memorandum for the Attorney General: Re: Applicability of Federal Criminal Laws and the Constitution to Contemplated Lethal Operations Against Shayk Amwar Al-Aulaqi. https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/olc/aulaqi.pdf.Google Scholar

Office of the Attorney General (2013). Letter to Senator Patrick J. Leahy. www.justice.gov/slideshow/AG-letter-5-22-13.pdf.Google Scholar

Office of the Press Secretary (2013). Fact Sheet: U.S. Policy Standards and Procedures for the Use of Force in Counterterrorism Operations Outside the United States and Areas of Active Hostilities. www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/23/fact-sheet-us-policy-standards-and-procedures-use-force-counterterrorism.Google Scholar

Office of the Prosecutor (2010a). Prosecutor’s Application Pursuant to Article 58 as to Francis Kirimi Muthaura, Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta and Mohammed Hussein Ali. www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1050845.pdf.Google Scholar

Office of the Prosecutor (2010b). Prosecutor’s Application Pursuant to Article 58 as to William Samoei Ruto, Henry Kiprono Kosgey and Joshua Arap Sang. www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1050835.pdf.Google Scholar

Office of the Prosecutor (2013). Policy Paper on Preliminary Examinations. www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/otp-policy_paper_preliminary_examinations_2013-eng.pdf.Google Scholar

OHCHR (n.d.a). Human Rights Bodies – Complaints Procedures. www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/tbpetitions/pages/hrtbpetitions.aspx.Google Scholar

OHCHR (n.d.b). World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, 1993. www.ohchr.org/en/aboutus/pages/viennawc.aspx.Google Scholar

Ohlin, Jens D. (2012). Targeting Co-Belligerents. In Finkelstein, Claire, Ohlin, Jens D., and Altman, Andrew, eds., Targeted Killing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 60–89.Google Scholar

Ohlin, Jens D. (2013). Is Jus in Bello in Crisis? Journal of International Criminal Justice, 11(1), 27–45.Google Scholar

Ohlin, Jens D. (2015). Co-perpetration. In Stahn, Carsten, ed., The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 517–537.Google Scholar

Onuf, Nicholas G. (1989). World of Our Making. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Onuf, Nicholas G. (2013). Making Sense, Making Worlds. Oxford; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Onuf, Nicholas G. (2016). Constructivism at the crossroads; or, the problem of moderate-sized dry goods. International Political Sociology, 10(2), 115–132.Google Scholar

OPCW (2015). Member State – Syria. https://www.opcw.org/about-us/member-states/syria.Google Scholar

Open Society Justice Initiative (2015). Death by Drone: Civilian Harm Caused by U.S. Targeted Killings in Yemen. www.justiceinitiative.org/uploads/1284eb37-f380-4400-9242-936a15e4de6c/death-drones-report-eng-20150413.pdf.Google Scholar

Orchard, Phil (2014). A Right to Flee. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Orchard, Phil (2020). Contestation, norms and the Responsibility to Protect as a regime. In Hunt, Charles T., and Orchard, Phil, eds., Constructing the Responsibility to Protect. Abingdon; Oxon; New York: Routledge, 28–49.Google Scholar

Orend, Brian (2014). Post-intervention. In Scheid, Don E., ed., The Ethics of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 224–242.Google Scholar

Orford, Anne (2011). International Authority and the Responsibility to Protect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Google Scholar

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (2011). Final Communique Issued by the Emergency Meeting of the Committee of Permanent Representatives to the Organization of the Islamic Conference on the Alarming Developments in Libyan Jamahiriya. https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/final-communique-issued-emergency-meeting-committee-permanent-representatives.Google Scholar

Orr, Andrew C. (2011). Unmanned, unprecedented, and unresolved: The status of American drone strikes in Pakistan under international law. Cornell International Law Journal, 44(3), 729.Google Scholar

Osiel, Mark (2014). Who are atrocity’s ‘real’ perpetrators, who its ‘true’ victims and beneficiaries? Ethics & International Affairs, 28(03), 281–297.Google Scholar

Owens, Patricia (2007). Between War and Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Google Scholar

Owens, Patricia (2008). Humanity, sovereignty, and the camps. International Politics, 45, 522–530.Google Scholar

Owens, Patricia (2012). Human security and the rise of the social. Review of International Studies, 38, 547–567.Google Scholar

Pacheco-Vega, Raul (2018). Writing Theoretical Frameworks, Analytical Frameworks and Conceptual Frameworks. www.raulpacheco.org/2018/09/writing-theoretical-frameworks-analytical-frameworks-and-conceptual-frameworks/.Google Scholar

Pacho, Irmina, and Bodnar, Adam (2012). Targeted killings (drone strikes) and the European convention on human rights. Polish Yearbook of International Law, 32(189–208).Google Scholar

Pakistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2015). Pakistan Condemns US Drone Strike in North Waziristan. http://mofa.gov.pk/pakistan-condemns-us-drone-strike-in-north-waziristan/.Google Scholar

Panke, Diana, and Petersohn, Ulrich (2012). Why international norms disappear sometimes. European Journal of International Relations, 18(4), 719–742.Google Scholar

Papamichail, Andeas, and Partis-Jennings, Hannah (2016). Why common humanity? Framing the responsibility to protect as a common response. International Politics, 53(1), 83–100.Google Scholar

Pape, Robert A. (2012). When duty calls. International Security, 37(1), 41–80.Google Scholar

Pape, Robert A. (2015). Response to Roland Paris Article. International Peacekeeping, 22(1), 9–10.Google Scholar

Paris, Roland (2014). The ‘Responsibility to Protect’ and the structural problems of preventive humanitarian intervention. International Peacekeeping, 21(5), 569–603.Google Scholar

Parks, Louise (2018). Spaces for local voices? A discourse analysis of the decisions of the convention on biological diversity. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 9(2), 141–170.Google Scholar

Parks, W. Hays (1989). Memorandum of Law Subject: Executive Order 12333 and Assassination. (DAJA-IA (27-1A)). https://sites.duke.edu/lawfire/files/2019/01/ParksMemo1989.pdf.Google Scholar

Parlett, Kate (2011). The Individual in the International Legal System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Partzsch, Lena (2014). Die neue Macht von Individuen in der globalen Politik. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.Google Scholar

Partzsch, Lena (2017). Powerful individuals in a globalized world. Global Policy, 8(1), 5–13.Google Scholar

Pattison, James (2011). The ethics of humanitarian intervention in Libya. Ethics & International Affairs, 25(3), 271–277.Google Scholar

Pattison, James (2017). Perilous noninterventions? The counterfactual assessment of Libya and the need to be a responsible power. Global Responsibility to Protect, 9(2), 219–228.Google Scholar

Patton, Michael Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. 2nd ed. Newbury Park; London: SAGE.Google Scholar

Pecquet, Julian (2015). Emails to Hillary Contradict French Tale on Libya War. www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/06/libya-gadhafi-french-spies-rebels-support.html.Google Scholar

Pedde, Nicola (2017). The Libyan conflict and its controversial roots. European View, 16(1), 93–102.Google Scholar

Peltner, Anne (2017). Competing norms and foreign policy change: Humanitarian intervention and British foreign policy. International Politics, 54(6), 745–759.Google Scholar

Percy, Sarah (2019). What makes a norm robust: The norm against female combat. Journal of Global Security Studies, 4(1), 123–138.Google Scholar

Peron, Alcides Eduardo dos Reis (2011). The ‘surgical’ legitimacy of drone strikes? Journal of Strategic Security, 7(4), 81–93.Google Scholar

Peters, Anne (2006). Compensatory constitutionalism: The function and potential of fundamental international norms and structures. Leiden Journal of International Law, 19(3), 579–610.Google Scholar

Peters, Anne (2009). Humanity as the A and Ω of sovereignty. European Journal of International Law, 20(3), 513–544.Google Scholar

Peters, Anne (2011). Das subjektive internationale Recht. Jahrbuch des Öffentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart, 59, 411–456.Google Scholar

Peters, Anne (2014). Jenseits Der Menschenrechte. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.Google Scholar

Peters, Anne (2016). Beyond Human Rights: The Legal Status of the Individual in International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Peters, Daniel (2015). Der ‘perfekte Sturm’ in Libyen und die Implementierung der Schutzverantwortung – Vom begrenzten Nutzen einer kriterienbasierten Entscheidungsfindung. In Staack, Michael, and Krause, Dan, eds., Schutzverantwortung in der Debatte. Opladen; Berlin; Toronto: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 161–180.Google Scholar

Pettman, Jan J. (1992). A feminist perspective on peace and security. Interdisciplinary Peace Research, 4(2), 58–71.Google Scholar

Pfeiffer, Sven (2013). Rights of indigenous peoples and the international drug control regime: The case of traditional coca leaf chewing. Göttingen Journal of International Law, 5(1), 287–324.Google Scholar

Phillips, Christopher (2020). The Battle for Syria: International Rivalry in the New Middle East. New Haven; London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Pincus, Walter (2014). Are Predator Drones a Technological Tipping Point in Warfare? www.washingtonpost.com/world/are-predator-drones-a-technological-tipping-point-in-warfare/2011/04/19/AFmC6PdE_story.html.Google Scholar

Plaw, Avery (2013). Counting the dead: The proportionality of predation in Pakistan. In Strawser, Bradley J., ed., Killing by Remote Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 126–153.Google Scholar

Pollack, Mark A. (2020). International Relations Theory and International Courts and Tribunals. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3634791.Google Scholar

Pouliot, Vincent (2008). The logic of practicality: A theory of practice of security communities. International Organization, 62(2), 257–288.Google Scholar

Pouliot, Vincent (2010). International Security in Practice: The Politics of NATO-Russia Diplomacy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Pradetto, August (2015). R2P, der Regimewechsel in Libyen und die Nichtintervention in Syrien: Durchbruch oder Sargnagel für die Schutzverantwortung. In Staack, Michael, and Krause, Dan, eds., Schutzverantwortung in der Debatte. Opladen; Berlin; Toronto: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 15–54.Google Scholar

Pratt, Simon F. (2019). Norm transformation and the institutionalization of targeted killing in the US. European Journal of International Relations, 25(3), 723–747.Google Scholar

Pratt, Simon F. (2020). From norms to normative configurations: A pragmatist and relational approach to theorizing normativity in IR. International Theory, 12(1), 59–82.Google Scholar

President of the Security Council (2011). Statement by the President of the Security Council. (S/PRST/2011/16). www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Syria%20%20SPRST%202011%2016.pdf.Google Scholar

President of the United States (1981). Executive Order 12333. www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12333.html.Google Scholar

Price, Richard (2019). Syria and the chemical weapons taboo. Journal of Global Security Studies, 4(1), 37–52.Google Scholar

Prügl, Elisabeth (2012). Feminism and the figure of man. International Studies Review, 14(4), 656–660.Google Scholar

Quashigah, Kofi (2010). The future of the International Criminal Court in African crisis and its relationship with the R2P project. Finnish Yearbook of International Law, 21, 89–99.Google Scholar

Radice, Henry (2016). The Responsibility to Protect as humanitarian negotiation: A space for the ‘politics of humanity’? International Politics, 53(1), 101–117.Google Scholar

Rajkovic, Nikolas M. (2010). ‘Global law’ and governmentality: Reconceptualizing the ‘rule of law’ as rule ‘through’ law. European Journal of International Relations, 18(1), 29–52.Google Scholar

Ralph, Jason (2018). What should be done? Pragmatic constructivist ethics and the Responsibility to Protect. International Organization, International Organization, 72(1), 173–203.Google Scholar

Ralph, Jason, and Gifkins, Jess (2017). The purpose of United Nations Security Council practice: Contesting competence claims in the normative context created by the Responsibility to Protect. European Journal of International Relations, 23(3), 630–653.Google Scholar

Randelzhofer, Albrecht (1999). The legal position of the individual under present international law. In Randelzhofer, Albrecht, and Tomuschat, Christian, eds., State Responsibility and the Individual. The Hague; London; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 231–242.Google Scholar

Rankin, Melinda (2018). The future of international criminal evidence in new wars? The evolution of the commission for international justice and accountability (CIJA). Journal of Genocide Research, 20(3), 392–411.Google Scholar

Reike, Ruben (2014). The ‘responsibility to prevent’. Ethics & International Affairs, 28(4), 451–476.Google Scholar

Reiners, Nina (2021a). Despite or because of contestation? How water became a human right. Human Rights Quarterly, 43(2), 329–343.Google Scholar

Reiners, Nina (2021b). Transnational Lawmaking Coalitions for Human Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Reinold, Theresa (2014). Transnationaler Terrorismus und Souveränität. In Volk, Christian, and Kuntz, Friederike, eds., Der Begriff der Souveränität in der transnationalen Konstellation. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 165–188.Google Scholar

Renic, Neil C. (2019). Justified killing in an age of radically asymmetric warfare. European Journal of International Relations, 25(2), 408–430.Google Scholar

Renic, Neil C. (2020). Asymmetric Killing: Risk Avoidance, Just War, and the Warrior Ethos. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Renner, Judith (2013). Discourse, Normative Change and the Quest for Reconciliation in Global Politics. Manchester; New York: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar

Reprieve (2014). You Never Die Twice: Multiple Kills in the US Drone Program. https://reprieve.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/07/Report_YouNeverDieTwice_2014.pdf.Google Scholar

Reus-Smit, Christian (2001). Human rights and the social construction of sovereignty. Review of International Studies, 27, 519–538.Google Scholar

Reus-Smit, Christian (2013). Individual Rights and the Making of the International System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Rhoads, Emily P., and Welsh, Jennifer (2019). Close cousins in protection: The evolution of two norms. International Affairs, 95(3), 597–617.Google Scholar

Richter, Nicolas (2015). Glasaugen sehen schlecht. Süddeutsche Zeitung, 25 April 2015.Google Scholar

Ringmar, Erik (2014). The search for dialogue as a hindrance to understanding: Practices as inter-paradigmatic research program. International Theory, 6(1), 1–27.Google Scholar

Risse, Thomas (2000). ‘Let’s argue!’: Communicative action in world politics. International Organization, 54(1), 1–39.Google Scholar

Risse, Thomas (2003). Konstruktivismus, Rationalismus und Theorien Internationaler Beziehungen - warum empirisch nichts so heiß gegessen wird, wie es theoretisch gekocht wurde. In Hellmann, Gunther, Wolf, Klaus D., and Zürn, Michael, eds., Die neuen Internationalen Beziehungen: Forschungsstand und Perspektiven der Internationalen Beziehungen in Deutschland. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 99–132.Google Scholar

Risse, Thomas, Ropp, Stephen C., and Sikkink, Kathryn (1999a). The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Robinson, Darryl (2013). A cosmopolitan liberal account of the International Criminal Court. Leiden Journal of International Law, 26(1), 127–153.Google Scholar

Robinson, Fiona (2008). The importance of care in the theory and practice of human security. Journal of International Political Theory, 4(2), 167–188.Google Scholar

Rodin, David (2008). The moral inequality of soldiers: Why jus in bello asymmetry is half right. In Rodin, David, and Shue, Henry, eds., Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 44–68.Google Scholar

Rodley, Nigel (2015). ‘Humanitarian intervention’. In Weller, Marc, ed., The Oxford Handbook of The Use of Force in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 775–796.Google Scholar

Roff, Heather M. (2013). Global Justice, Kant, and the Responsibility to Protect. Oxon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Roggio, Bill (2016). Charting the Data for US Airstrikes in Pakistan, 2004–2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170109075551/;www.longwarjournal.org/pakistan-strikes.Google Scholar

Roggio, Bill, and Barry, Bob (2017). Charting the Data for US Airstrikes in Yemen, 2002–2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20170201091440/http://www.longwarjournal.org/yemen-strikes.Google Scholar

Rosén, Frederik (2014). Extremely stealthy and incredibly close: Drones, control and legal responsibility. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 19(1), 1–19.Google Scholar

Rosert, Elvira (2019a). Norm emergence as agenda diffusion: Failure and success in the regulation of cluster munitions. European Journal of International Relations, 25(4), 1103–1131.Google Scholar

Rosert, Elvira (2019b). Salience and the emergence of international norms: Napalm and cluster munitions in the inhumane weapons convention. Review of International Studies, 45(1), 77–99.Google Scholar

Roxin, Claus (2008). Täterschaft und Tatherrschaft. 8th ed. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar

Roxin, Claus (2011). Crimes as part of organized power structure. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 9(1), 193–205.Google Scholar

Ruettershoff, Tobias (2015). Terrorising terrorist – The jus ad bellum of drone operations in Pakistan. In Aaronson, Mike, Aslam, Wali, Dyson, Tom, and Rauxloh, Regina, eds., Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention. Oxon: Routledge, 133–151.Google Scholar

Ruggie, John G. (1998). What makes the world hang together? Neo-utilitarianism and the social constructivist challenge. International Organization, 52(4), 855–885.Google Scholar

Ruggie, John G. (2007). Business and human rights: The evolving international agenda. American Journal of International Law, 101(4), 819–840.Google Scholar

Russett, Bruce (2010). Liberalism. In Dunne, Timothy, Kurki, Milja, and Smith, Steve, eds., International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 95–115.Google Scholar

Saba, Arif, and Akbarzadeh, Shahram (2021). The ICC and R2P: Complementary or contradictory? International Peacekeeping, 28(1), 84–109.Google Scholar

SáCouto, Susana, and Clearly, Katherine (2008). The gravity threshold of the International Criminal Court. American University International Law Review, 23, 807–854.Google Scholar

Saifi, Sophia (2014). Not a ‘Bug Splat’: Artists Give Drone Victims a Face in Pakistan. http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/09/world/asia/pakistan-drones-not-a-bug-splat/.Google Scholar

Sanders, Rebecca (2014). Legal frontiers: Targeted killing at the borders of war. Journal of Human Rights, 13(4), 512–536.Google Scholar

Sandholtz, Wayne (2019). Norm contestation, robustness, and replacement. Journal of Global Security Studies, 4(1), 139–146.Google Scholar

Sands, Phillipe (2006). Lawless world: The cultures of international law. Texas International Law Journal, 41(3), 387–398.Google Scholar

Sands, Phillipe (2016a). East West Street. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.Google Scholar

Sands, Phillipe (2016b). Reflections on international judicialization. The European Journal of International Law, 27(4), 885–900.Google Scholar

Sandvik, Kristin B., and Lohne, Kjersti (2014). The rise of the humanitarian drone: Giving content to an emerging concept. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 43(1), 145–164.Google Scholar

Sassóli, Marco (2014). Autonomous weapons and international humanitarian law: Advantages, open technical questions and legal issues to be clarified. International Law Studies, 90, 308–340.Google Scholar

Saul, Ben, ed. (2014). Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism. Cheltenham; Northhampton: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar

Saura, Laura (2019). Drones, the Body, and the Human in War: Targeted Killing as ‘Almost-Touch’. EISA Pan-European Conference on International Relations, Sofia, Bulgaria. On file with authorGoogle Scholar

Savage, Charlie (2021). Trump’s secret rules for drone strikes outside war zones are disclosed. The New York Times, 1 May 2021.Google Scholar

Schabas, William A. (2013). The short arm of international criminal law. In Schabas, William A., McDermott, Yvonne, and Hayes, Niamh, eds., The Ashgate Research Companion to International Criminal Law: Critical Perspectives. Surrey; Burlington: Ashgate, 387–405.Google Scholar

Schabas, William A. (2020). The dynamics of the Rome conference. In deGuzman, Margaret M., and Oosterveld, Valerie, eds., The Elgar Companion to the International Criminal Court. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 3–19.Google Scholar

Scharf, Michael P. (1999). The amnesty exception to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. Cornell International Law Journal, 32(3), 507–527.Google Scholar

Schiff, Benjamin N. (2008). Building the International Criminal Court. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Schmidt, Averell, and Sikkink, Kathryn (2019). Breaking the ban? The heterogeneous impact of US contestation of the torture norm. Journal of Global Security Studies, 4(1), 105–122.Google Scholar

Schmidt, Dennis R., and Trenta, Luca (2018). Changes in the law of self-defence? Drones, imminence, and international norm dynamics. Journal on the Use of Force and International Law, 5(2), 201–245.Google Scholar

Schmidt, Hajo (2015). Instrumente der Re-Legimitierung des Krieges oder Vehikel der Kriegsächtung: Eine Betrachtung der R2P aus friedensethischer Sicht. In Staack, Michael, and Krause, Dan, eds., Schutzverantwortung in der Debatte. Opladen; Berlin; Toronto: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 139–160.Google Scholar

Schmitt, Michael N. (2013). Extraterritorial lethal targeting: Deconstructing the logic of international law. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 52(1), 77–112.Google Scholar

Schmitter, Philippe (2008). The design of social and political research. In Della Porta, Donatella, and Keating, Michael, eds., Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 263–295.Google Scholar

Schoch, Bruno (2014). Die Libyen-Intervention: Warum Deutschlands Enthaltung im Sicherheitsrat falsch war. In Beestermöller, Gerhard, ed., Libyen: Missbrauch der Responsibility to Protect? Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 115–138.Google Scholar

Schreuer, Christoph (1993). The waning of the sovereign state: Towards a new paradigm for international law? European Journal of International Law, 4(1), 447–471.Google Scholar

Schulz, Philipp (2018). Displacement from gendered personhood: Sexual violence and masculinities in northern Uganda. International Affairs, 94(5), 1101–1119.Google Scholar

Schwarz, Elke (2016). Prescription drones: On the techno-biopolitical regimes of contemporary ‘ethical killing’. Security Dialogue, 47(1), 59–75.Google Scholar

Schwedler, Jillian (2013). Puzzle. Qualitative and Multi-Method Research, 11(2), 27–30.Google Scholar

Schweiger, Elisabeth (2019a). ‘Targeted killing’ and the lack of acquiescence. Leiden Journal of International Law, 32(4), 741–757.Google Scholar

Schweiger, Elisabeth (2019b). The lure of novelty: ‘Targeted killing’ and its older terminological siblings. International Political Sociology, 13(3), 276–295.Google Scholar

Scott, Joan W. (1991). The evidence of experience. Critical Inquiry, 17(4), 773–797.Google Scholar

Secretary General (2014). Implementation of Security Council resolution 2139 (2014). (S/2014/295). www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2014_295.pdf.Google Scholar

Security Council Report (2018). Syria: Chronology of Events. www.securitycouncilreport.org/chronology/syria.php.Google Scholar

Security Council Report (2021). Syria. www.securitycouncilreport.org/syria/.Google Scholar

Sehmi, Anushka (2018). ‘Now that we have no voice, what will happen to us?’ – Experiences of victim participation in the Kenyatta case. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 16(3), 571–591.Google Scholar

Seibel, Wolfgang (2013). Libyen, das Prinzip der Schutzverantwortung und Deutschlands Stimmenthaltung im UN-Sicherheitsrat bei der Abstimmung über Resolution 1973 am 17. März 2011. In Daase, Christopher, and Junk, Julian, eds., Die Friedenswarte: Journal of International Peace and Organization. 88(1–2), 87–115.Google Scholar

Selth, Andrew (2008). Even paranoids have enemies: Cyclone Nargis and Myanmar’s fears of invasion. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 30(3), 379–402.Google Scholar

Senn, Martin, and Troy, Jodok (2017). The transformation of targeted killing and international order. Contemporary Security Policy, 38(2), 175–211.Google Scholar

Sewell Jr., William H. (1992). A theory of structure: Duality, agency and transformation. American Journal of Sociology, 98(1), 1–29.Google Scholar

Shah, Sikander A. (2015). International Law and Drone Strikes in Pakistan. Oxon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Shaw, Ian Graham Ronald, and Akther, Majed (2012). The unbearable humanness of drone warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode, 44(4), 1490–1509.Google Scholar

Shaw, Malcolm N. (2003). International Law. 5th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Shaw, Malcolm N. (2021). International Law. 9th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Shepherd, Laura J. (2011). Sex, security and superhero(in)es: From 1325 to 1820 and beyond. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 13(4), 504–521.Google Scholar

Shepherd, Laura J. (2017). Gender, UN Peacebuilding, and the Politics of Space. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Shesterinina, Anastasia (2016). Evolving norms of protection: China, Libya and the problem of intervention in armed conflict. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29(3), 812–830.Google Scholar

Sienknecht, Mitja (2021). Rebel with a cause: Rebel responsibility in intrastate conflict situations. In Hansen-Magnusson, Hannes, and Vetterlein, Antje eds., The Routledge Handbook on Responsibility in International Relations. London: Routledge, 271–287.Google Scholar

Sikkink, Kathryn (2011a). Beyond the Justice Cascade: How Agentic Constructivism Could Help Explain Change in International Politics. Revised Paper from a Keynote Address, Millennium Annual Conference, October 22, 2011, ‘Out of the Ivory Tower: Weaving the Theories and Practice of International Relations’, London School of Economics, to Be Presented at the Princeton University IR Colloquium, November 21, 2011. On file with author.Google Scholar

Sikkink, Kathryn (2011b). The Justice Cascade. 1st ed. New York; London: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar

Sikkink, Kathryn (2017). Evidence for Hope: Making Human Rights Work in the 21st Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Simma, Bruno, and Paulus, Andreas L. (1998). The ‘international community’: Facing the challenge of globalization. European Journal of International Law, 9(2), 266–277.Google Scholar

Simmons, Beth A., and Jo, Hyeran (2019). Measuring norms and normative contestation: The case of international criminal law. Journal of Global Security Studies, 4(1), 18–36.Google Scholar

Singer, Peter W. (2009). Wired for War. London: Penguin.Google Scholar

Sjoberg, Laura (2016). The gender of violence in war and conflict. In Steans, Jill, and Tepe-Belfrage, Daniela, eds., Handbook on Gender in World Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 197–205.Google Scholar

Sjoberg, Laura (2020). Quantum ambivalence. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 030582982097171.Google Scholar

Smeulers, Alette (2020). A criminological approach to the ICC’s control theory. In Heller, Kevin J., Mégret, Frédéric, Nouwen, Sarah M., Ohlin, Jens D., and Robinson, Darryl, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 379–399.Google Scholar

Smith, Karen E. (2010). Genocide and the Europeans. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Solomon, Ty, and Steele, Brent J. (2017). Micro-moves in international relations theory. European Journal of International Relations, 23(2), 267–291.Google Scholar

Sparrow, Robert (2012). Robotic weapons and the future of war. In Tripodi, Paolo, and Wolfendale, Jessica, eds., New wars and new soldiers. Farnham Surrey; England; Burlington: Ashgate, 117–133.Google Scholar

Srivastava, Swati (2020). Varieties of social construction. International Studies Review, 22(3), 325–346.Google Scholar

Stahn, Carsten (2012). Libya, the International Criminal Court and complementarity: A test for ‘shared responsibility’. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10(2), 325–349.Google Scholar

Stahn, Carsten (2014). Between law-breaking and law-making: Syria, humanitarian intervention and ‘what the law ought to be’. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 19(1), 25–48.Google Scholar

Stahn, Carsten (2015). Introduction: More than a court, less than a court, several courts in one? In Stahn, Carsten, ed., The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press, lxxxiii–c.Google Scholar

Stamnes, Eli (2009). ‘Speaking R2P’ and the prevention of mass atrocities. Global Responsibility to Protect, 1(1), 70–89.Google Scholar

Staunton, Eglantine, and Ralph, Jason (2020). The Responsibility to Protect Norm cluster and the challenge of atrocity prevention: An analysis of the European Union’s strategy in Myanmar. European Journal of International Relations, 26(3), 660–686.Google Scholar

Steans, Jill, and Tepe-Belfrage, Daniela, eds. (2016). Handbook on Gender in World Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar

Stearns, Scott (2011). African Union Says ICC Prosecutions Are Discriminatory. www.voanews.com/africa/african-union-says-icc-prosecutions-are-discriminatory.Google Scholar

Stephen, Chris (2015). Gaddafi’s son Saif al-Islam sentenced to death by court in Libya. www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/28/saif-al-islam-sentenced-death-by-court-in-libya-gaddafi-son.Google Scholar

Sterling-Folker, Jennifer (2010). Neoliberalism. In Dunne, Timothy, Kurki, Milja, and Smith, Steve, eds., International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 116–134.Google Scholar

Stern, Maria (2016). Poststructuralist feminism in world politics. In Steans, Jill, and Tepe-Belfrage, Daniela, eds., Handbook on Gender in World Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 33–40.Google Scholar

Stimmer, Anette (2019). Beyond internalization: Alternate endings of the norm life cycle. International Studies Quarterly, 63(2), 270–280.Google Scholar

Stimmer, Anette, and Wisken, Lea (2019). The dynamics of dissent: When actions are louder than words. International Affairs, 95(3), 515–533.Google Scholar

Stolk, Sofia (2018). A sophisticated beast? On the construction of an ‘ideal’ perpetrator in the opening statements of international criminal trials. European Journal of International Law, 29(3), 677–701.Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, Alec (2011). Managing difference: Constitutional pluralism and transnational rights protection. In Raube, Kolja, and Sattler, Annik, eds., Difference and Democracy. Frankfurt am Main; New York: Campus Verlag, 227–244.Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, Alec (2012). A cosmopolitan legal order: Constitutional pluralism and rights adjudication in Europe. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 1(1), 53–90.Google Scholar

Strauss, Ekkehard (2009). The Emperor’s New Clothes? The United Nations and the Implementation of the Responsibility to Protect. 1st ed. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.Google Scholar

Strawser, Bradley J. (2013). Introduction: The moral landscape of unmanned weapons. In Strawser, Bradley J., ed., Killing by Remote Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3–24.Google Scholar

Strüwer, Elisabeth (2010). Zum Zusammenspiel von humanitären Völkerrecht und den Menschenrechten am Beispiel des Targeted Killing. Bonn: Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar

Suddaby, Roy (2006). From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 633–642.Google Scholar

Sylvester, Christine (2013a). Experiencing the end and afterlives of international relations/theory. European Journal of International Relations, 19(3), 609–626.Google Scholar

Sylvester, Christine (2013b). War as Experience. Oxon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Tacheva, Blagovesta, and Brown, Garrett W. (2015). Global constitutionalism and the Responsibility to Protect. Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, 4(3), 428–467.Google Scholar

Teitel, Ruti (2011). Humanity’s Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Teitel, Ruti (2013). Response. Ethics & International Affairs, 27(2), 233–234.Google Scholar

Téson, Fernando R. (2014). The moral basis of armed humanitarian intervention revisited. In Scheid, Don E., ed., The Ethics of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 61–77.Google Scholar

Tétreault, Mary A., and Lipschutz, Ronnie D. (2005). Global Politics as If People Mattered. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar

Thakur, Ramesh (2015). R2P’s ‘Structural’ Problems: A Response to Roland Paris. International Peacekeeping, 22(1), 11–25.Google Scholar

Thakur, Ramesh (2016). The Responsibility to Protect at 15. International Affairs, 92(2), 415–434.Google Scholar

Thies, Anne (2013). EU membership of the WTO: Global Constitutionalism – Human Rights. Democracy and the Rule of Law, 2(2), 237–261.Google Scholar

Thiessen, Marc A. (2010). Dead terrorists tell no tales. Foreign Policy, 8 February 2010.Google Scholar

Tickner, J. Ann (1991). Hans Morgenthau’s principle of political realism: A feminist reformulation. In Grant, Rebecca, and Newland, Kathleen, eds., Gender and International Relations. Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 27–40.Google Scholar

Tickner, J. Ann, and Sjoberg, Laura (2010). Feminism. In Dunne, Timothy, Kurki, Milja, and Smith, Steve, eds., International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 195–212.Google Scholar

Tickner, J. Ann, and True, Jacqui (2018). A century of international relations feminism: From World War I women’s peace pragmatism to the women, peace and security agenda. International Studies Quarterly, 62(2), 221–233.Google Scholar

Timm, Trevor (2015). America’s Drone Policy Is All Exceptions and No Rules. www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/20/americas-drone-policy-all-exceptions-no-rules-yemen.Google Scholar

Todorov, Tzvetan (2014). The Responsibility to Protect and the war in Libya. In Scheid, Don E., ed., The Ethics of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 46–58.Google Scholar

Tomuschat, Christian (1993). Obligations arising for states without or against their will. Recueil des Cours, 241(IV), 195–374.Google Scholar

Tomuschat, Christian (2014). Die Rechtmäßigkeit der Resolution 1973 (2011) des UN-Sicherheitsrates. In Beestermöller, Gerhard, ed., Libyen: Missbrauch der Responsibility to Protect? Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 13–29.Google Scholar

Tourinho, Marcos, Stuenkel, Oliver, and Brockmeier, Sarah (2016). ‘Responsibility while protecting’: Reforming R2P implementation. Global Society, 30(1), 134–150.Google Scholar

Towns, Ann E. (2010). Women and States – Norms and Hierarchies in International Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Trahan, Jennifer (2017). The International Criminal Court’s Libya case(s) – The need for consistency with international human rights as to due process and the death penalty. International Criminal Law Review, 17(5), 803–843.Google Scholar

True, Jacqui (2009). Feminism. In Burchill, Scott, Linklater, Andrew, Devetak, Richard, Donnelly, Jack, Nardin, Terry, Paterson, Matthew, Reus-Smit, Christian, and True, Jacqui, eds., Theories of International Relations. 4th ed. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 237–259.Google Scholar

True, Jacqui, and Wiener, Antje (2019). Everyone wants (a) peace: The dynamics of rhetoric and practice on ‘women, peace and security’. International Affairs, 95(3), 553–574.Google Scholar

Tushnet, Mark (1991). Critical legal studies: A political history. The Yale Law Journal, 100(5), 1515–1544.Google Scholar

Ulbert, Cornelia (2012). Vom Klang vieler Stimmen: Herausforderungen ‘kritischer’ Normenforschung. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 19(2), 129–139.Google Scholar

UN Diplomatic Conferences of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of the International Criminal Court Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. (1998). https://undocs.org/en/A/CONF.183/9.Google Scholar

UN DPI (2011). Security Council Approves ‘No-Fly Zone’ over Libya, Authorizing ‘All Necessary Measures’ to Protect Civilians, by Vote of 10 in Favour with 5 Abstentions. (SC/10200). www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10200.doc.htm.Google Scholar

UN DPI (2014). Security Council Unanimously Adopts Resolution 2139 (2014) To Ease Aid Delivery to Syrians, Provide Relief from ‘Chilling Darkness’. www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2014/sc11292.doc.htm.Google Scholar

UNDP (1994). Human Development Report. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/255/hdr_1994_en_complete_nostats.pdf.Google Scholar

UNGA (1948a). Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%2078/volume-78-I-1021-English.pdf.Google Scholar

UNGA (1948b). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (A/RES/217). www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/217(III).Google Scholar

UNGA (1950). Uniting for Peace. (377 (V)). www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/otherdocs/GAres377A%28v%29.pdf.Google Scholar

United Nations (1945). UN Charter. www.un.org/en/documents/charter/.Google Scholar

United Nations (2003a). United Nations Operation in Somalia I. www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/unosomi.htm.Google Scholar

United Nations (2003b). United Nations Operation in Somalia II. www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/unosom2.htm.Google Scholar

United Nations (2005a). Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law. (A/Res/60/147). https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/147.Google Scholar

United Nations (2005b). Outcome Document of the 2005 World Summit. (A/RES/60/1). https://undocs.org/A/RES/60/1.Google Scholar

United Nations (2014). Security Council Unanimously Adopts Resolution Condemning Violent Extremism, Underscoring Need to Prevent Travel, Support for Foreign Terrorist Fighters. www.un.org/press/en/2014/sc11580.doc.htm.Google Scholar

United Nations (2020). UN Salutes New Libya Ceasefire Agreement That Points to ‘A Better, Safer, and More Peaceful Future’. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1076012.Google Scholar

UNSC (1991). Resolution 688. (S/RES/688). https://undocs.org/S/RES/688(1991).Google Scholar

UNSC (1992a). Resolution 767. (S/RES/767). https://undocs.org/S/RES/767(1992).Google Scholar

UNSC (1992b). Resolution 794. (S/RES/794). https://undocs.org/S/RES/794(1992).Google Scholar

UNSC (1993a). Resolution 814. (S/RES/814). https://undocs.org/S/RES/814(1993).Google Scholar

UNSC (1993b). Resolution 819. (S/RES/819). https://undocs.org/S/RES/819(1993).Google Scholar

UNSC (1994a). Resolution 918. (S/RES/918). https://undocs.org/S/RES/918(1994).Google Scholar

UNSC (1994b). Resolution 925. (S/RES/925). https://undocs.org/S/RES/925(1994).Google Scholar

UNSC (1998). Resolution 1199. (S/RES/1199). https://undocs.org/S/RES/1199(1998).Google Scholar

UNSC (2001a). Resolution 1368. (S/Res/1368). https://undocs.org/S/RES/1368(2001).Google Scholar

UNSC (2001b). Resolution 1373. (S/RES/1373). https://undocs.org/S/RES/1373(2001).Google Scholar

UNSC (2006a). Resolution 1674. (S/RES/1674). https://undocs.org/S/RES/1674(2006).Google Scholar

UNSC (2006b). Resolution 1706. (S/RES/1706). https://undocs.org/S/RES/1706(2006).Google Scholar

UNSC (2011a). 6491st Meeting. (S/PV.6491). https://undocs.org/S/PV.6491.Google Scholar

UNSC (2011b). 6498th Meeting. https://undocs.org/S/PV.6498.Google Scholar

UNSC (2011c). 6627th Meeting. (S/PV.6627).Google Scholar

UNSC (2011d). Resolution 1970. https://undocs.org/S/RES/1970(2011).Google Scholar

UNSC (2011e). Resolution 1973. (S/RES/1973). https://undocs.org/S/RES/1973(2011).Google Scholar

UNSC (2011f). Security Council Approves ‘No-Fly Zone’ over Libya, Authorizing ‘All Necessary Measures’ to Protect Civilians, by Vote of 10 in Favour with 5 Abstentions. (SC/10200). www.un.org/press/en/2011/sc10200.doc.htm.Google Scholar

UNSC (2012a). 6711th Meeting. (S/PV.7611). https://undocs.org/S/PV.6711.Google Scholar

UNSC (2012b). Resolution 2042. (S/RES/2042). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2042(2012).Google Scholar

UNSC (2012c). Resolution 2043. (S/RES/2043). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2043(2012).Google Scholar

UNSC (2012d). Resolution 2059. (S/RES/2059). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2059(2012).Google Scholar

UNSC (2013a). Resolution 2100. (S/RES/2100). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2100(2013).Google Scholar

UNSC (2013b). Resolution 2118. (S/RES/2118). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2118(2013).Google Scholar

UNSC (2013c). Resolution 2121. (S/RES/2121). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2121(2013).Google Scholar

UNSC (2014a). 7180th Meeting. (S/PV.7180). https://undocs.org/S/PV.7180.Google Scholar

UNSC (2014b). 7216th Meeting. (S/PV.7216). https://undocs.org/S/PV.7216.Google Scholar

UNSC (2014c). Resolution 2139. (S/RES/2139). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2139(2014).Google Scholar

UNSC (2014d). Resolution 2165. (S/RES/2165). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2165(2014).Google Scholar

UNSC (2015a). Resolution 2235. (S/RES/2235). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2235(2015).Google Scholar

UNSC (2015b). Resolution 2254. (S/RES/2254). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2254(2015).Google Scholar

UNSC (2015c). Resolution 2558. (S/RES/2258). https://undocs.org/S/RES/2258(2015).Google Scholar

US President (2010). National Security Strategy. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/national_security_strategy.pdf.Google Scholar

US President (2013). Procedures for Approving Direct Action Against Terrorist Targets Located Outside the United States and Areas of Active Hostilities. www.justice.gov/oip/foia-library/procedures_for_approving_direct_action_against_terrorist_targets/download.Google Scholar

US President (2016). Executive Order 13732 of July 1, 2016: United States Policy on Pre- and Post-Strike Measures to Address Civilian Casualties in U.S. Operations Involving the Use of Force. www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-07-07/pdf/2016-16295.pdf.Google Scholar

USFOR (2010). Executive Summary for AR 15-6 Investigation, 21 February 2010 CIVCAS Incident in Uruzgan Province. http://cryptome.org/2012/03/creech-savagery.pdf.Google Scholar

van Beers, Britta, Corrias, Luigi, and Werner, Wouter, eds. (2014). Humanity across International Law and Biolaw. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

van Langenhove, Luk, and Harré, Rom (1999). Introducing positioning analysis. In Harré, Rom, and van Langenhove, Luk, eds., Positioning Theory: Moral Contexts of Intentional Action. Malden: Blackwell, 14–31.Google Scholar

van Sliedregt, Elies (2015). Perpetration and participation in article 25(3). In Stahn, Carsten, ed., The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 499–516.Google Scholar

Vasiliev, Sergey (2014). The Making of International Criminal Law. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2518406.Google Scholar

Vennesson, Pascal (2008). Case studies and process tracing: Theories and practice. In Della Porta, Donatella, and Michael, Keating, eds., Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 223–239.Google Scholar

Venzke, Ingo (2009). Legal contestation about ‘enemy combatants’. Journal of International Law & International Relations, 5(1), 155–184.Google Scholar

Verlage, Christopher (2009). Responsibility to Protect: Ein neuer Ansatz im Völkerrecht zur Verhinderung von Völkermord, Kriegsverbrechen und Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.Google Scholar

Verlage, Christopher (2013). Die Sicherheitsratsresolution 1973 zum Fall Libyen – Ein Meilenstein für die völkerrechtliche Verankerung der Responsibility to Protect. In Daase, Christopher, and Junk, Julian, eds., Die Friedenswarte: Journal of International Peace and Organization. 88(1–2), 63–86.Google Scholar

Vetterlein, Antje, and Hansen-Magnusson, Hannes (2020). The rise of responsibility in world politics. In Hansen-Magnusson, Hannes, and Vetterlein, Antje, eds., The Rise of Responsibility in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 8–37.Google Scholar

Vetterlein, Antje, and Wiener, Antje (2013). Gemeinschaft Revisited: Die sozialen Grundlagen internationaler Ordnung. Leviathan, 41(Sonderband 28/2013), 78–103.Google Scholar

Volk, Christian (2010). The decline of order: Hannah Arendt and the paradoxes of the nation-state. In Benhabib, Seyla, ed., Politics in Dark Times: Encounters with Hannah Arendt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 173–197.Google Scholar

von Arnauld, Andreas (2009). Souveränität und Responsibility to Protect. Die Friedenswarte: Journal of International Peace and Organization, 84(1), 11–52.Google Scholar

von Arnauld, Andreas (2011). Die Rückkehr des Bürgers. Jahrbuch des Öffentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart, 59, 497–519.Google Scholar

von Arnauld, Andreas (2015). Werdende Norm oder politisches Konzept? In Staack, Michael, and Krause, Dan, eds., Schutzverantwortung in der Debatte. Opladen; Berlin; Toronto: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 55–76.Google Scholar

von Bernstorff, Jochen (2016). Drone strikes, terrorism and the zombie: On the construction of an administrative law of transnational executions. ESIL Reflections, 5(7), 1–6.Google Scholar

Waddington, Conway (2015). Drones. In Aaronson, Mike, Aslam, Wali, Dyson, Tom, and Rauxloh, Regina, eds., Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention. Oxon: Routledge, 114–132.Google Scholar

Wagner, Markus (2014). The dehumanization of international humanitarian law. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 47(5), 1371–1424.Google Scholar

Wagner, Markus (2015). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2584652.Google Scholar

Waldron, Jeremy (2016). Death squads and death lists: Targeted killing and the character of the state. Constellations, 23(2), 292–307.Google Scholar

Walter, Christian (2012). Subjects of International Law. https://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e1476.Google Scholar

Waltz, Kenneth N. (1959). Man, the State, and War. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Waltz, Kenneth N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar

Weber, Cynthia (1994). Review. The American Political Science Review, 88(4), 1049–1051.Google Scholar

Weber, Cynthia (1995). Simulating Sovereignty – Intervention, the State and Symbolic Exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Weber, Max (2015 [1921]). Soziologische Grundbegriffe. Tübingen; Berlin: Mohr Siebeck.Google Scholar

Weber, Samuel (2005). Targets of Opportunity. New York: Fordham University Press.Google Scholar

Weerdesteijn, Maartje, and Holá, Barbora (2020). ‘Tool in the R2P toolbox’? Analysing the role of the International Criminal Court in the three pillars of the Responsibility to Protect. Criminal Law Forum, 31(3), 377–414.Google Scholar

Weill, Sharon (2016). Reducing the security gap through national courts: Targeted killings as a case study. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 21(1), 49–67.Google Scholar

Weinert, Matthew S. (2015). Making Human. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Weiss, Thomas G. (2007). Humanitarian Intervention: Ideas in Action. Cambridge; Malden: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Weiss, Thomas G. (2011). RtoP alive and well after Libya. Ethics & International Affairs, 25(3), 287–292.Google Scholar

Weiss, Thomas G. (2014). Military humanitarianism: Syria hasn’t killed it. The Washington Quarterly, 37(1), 7–20.Google Scholar

Weiss, Thomas G., and Burke, Martin J. (2014). The Security Council and ad hoc tribunals: Law and politics, peace and justice. In Popovski, Vesselin, and Fraser, Trudy, eds., The Security Council as Global Legislator. London; New York: Routledge, 214–265.Google Scholar

Weldes, Jutta, and Saco, Diana (1996). Making state action possible. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 25(2), 361–395.Google Scholar

Welsh, Jennifer M. (2011). Civilian protection in Libya: Putting coercion and controversy back into RtoP. Ethics & International Affairs, 25(3), 255–262.Google Scholar

Welsh, Jennifer M. (2013). Norm contestation and the Responsibility to Protect. Global Responsibility to Protect, 5(4), 365–396.Google Scholar

Welsh, Jennifer M. (2014). Responsibility to Protect and the language of crimes: Collective action and individual culpability. In Scheid, Don E., ed., The Ethics of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 209–223.Google Scholar

Welsh, Jennifer M. (2015). The Individualisation of War: Reconfiguring the Ethics, Law and Politics of Armed Conflict. http://iow.eui.eu/welcome/.Google Scholar

Welsh, Jennifer M. (2016a). The responsibility to prevent: Assessing the gap between rhetoric and reality. Cooperation and Conflict, 51(2), 216–232.Google Scholar

Welsh, Jennifer M. (2016b). The Responsibility to Protect at ten: Glass half empty or half full? The International Spectator, 51(2), 1–8.Google Scholar

Welsh, Jennifer M. (2019a). Norm robustness and the Responsibility to Protect. Journal of Global Security Studies, 4(1), 53–72.Google Scholar

Welsh, Jennifer M. (2019b). The individualisation of war: Defining a research programme. Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi, 53, 9–28.Google Scholar

Welsh, Jennifer M., and Banda, Maria (2010). International law and the Responsibility to Protect: Clarifying or expanding state’s responsibility. Global Responsibility to Protect, 2(3), 213–231.Google Scholar

Wendt, Alexander (1987). The agent-structure problem in international relations theory. International Organization, 41(3), 335–370.Google Scholar

Wendt, Alexander (1992). Anarchy is what states make of it: The social construction of power politics. International Organization, 46(2), 391–426.Google Scholar

Wendt, Alexander (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wendt, Alexander (2015). Quantum Mind and Social Science: Unifying Physical and Social Ontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wenzel, Nicola (2008). Das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Gruppenschutz und Individualschutz im Völkerrecht. Berlin; Heidelberg; New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Wernicke, Christian (2014). Justiz des schlechten Gewissens. Süddeutsche Zeitung, 5 February 2014.Google Scholar

What’s in Blue (2014). Draft Humanitarian Resolution on Syria and Briefing by Humanitarian Chief. www.whatsinblue.org/2014/02/draft-humanitarian-resolution-on-syria-and-briefing-by-humanitarian-chief.php.Google Scholar

What’s in Blue (2016). Syria: Special Envoy to Brief on Political Talks. www.whatsinblue.org/2016/01/syria-special-envoy-to-brief-on-political-talks.php.Google Scholar

Wheeler, Nicholas J. (2002). Saving Strangers – Humanitarian Intervention in International Society. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Wheeler, Nicholas J. (2006). The humanitarian responsibility of sovereignty: Explaining the development of a new norm of military intervention for humanitarian purposes in international society. In Welsh, Jennifer M., ed., Humanitarian Intervention and International Relations. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 29–52.Google Scholar

Whetham, David (2013). Drones and targeted killing: Angels or assassins? In Strawser, Bradley J., ed., Killing by Remote Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 69–83.Google Scholar

Whitworth, Sandra (1989). Gender in the inter-paradigm debate. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 18(2), 265–272.Google Scholar

Whitworth, Sandra (2008). Feminism. In Reus-Smit, Christian, and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 391–407.Google Scholar

Wibben, Annick T. R. (2016). Feminist methodologies and world politics. In Steans, Jill, and Tepe-Belfrage, Daniela, eds., Handbook on Gender in World Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 66–73.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje (2003). Die Wende zum Dialog – Konstruktivistische Brueckenstationen und ihre Zukunft. In Hellmann, Gunther, Wolf, Klaus D., and Zürn, Michael, eds., Die neuen Internationalen Beziehungen: Forschungsstand und Perspektiven der Internationalen Beziehungen in Deutschland. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 133–159.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje (2004). Contested compliance: Interventions on the normative structure of world politics. European Journal of International Relations, 10(2), 189–234.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje (2007). The dual quality of norms and governance beyond the state: Sociological and normative approaches to ‘interaction’. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 10(1), 47–69.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje (2008). The Invisible Constitution of Politics. Contested Norms and International Encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje (2009). Enacting meaning-in-use. Qualitative research on norms and international relations. Review of International Studies, 35(1), 175–193.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje (2011). Comment: Global constitutionalism and the concept of difference. In Raube, Kolja, and Sattler, Annik, eds., Difference and Democracy. Frankfurt am Main; New York: Campus Verlag, 261–275.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje (2014a). A Theory of Contestation. Heidelberg; New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje (2014b). Kontestation in verknüpften Diskursräumen. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 21(2), 147–154.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje (2017). Agency of the governed in global international relations: Access to norm validation. Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal, 2(5), 709–725.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje (2018). Contestation and Constitution of Norms in Global International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wiener, Antje, and Puetter, Uwe (2009). The quality of norms is what actors make of it: Constructivist research on norms. Journal of International Law and International Relations, 5(1), 1–16.Google Scholar

Wiesner, Ina (2015). UAV for R2P? In Aaronson, Mike, Aslam, Wali, Dyson, Tom, and Rauxloh, Regina, eds., Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention. Oxon: Routledge, 152–170.Google Scholar

Wight, Colin (2006). Agents, Structures, and International Relations. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wight, Colin, Hansen, Lene, and Dunne, Tim, eds. (2013). End of International Relations Theory? A Special Issue. European Journal of International Relations, 19(3).Google Scholar

Wilcox, Lauren B. (2015). Bodies of Violence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Wilcox, Lauren B. (2017). Embodying algorithmic war: Gender, race, and the posthuman in drone warfare. Security Dialogue, 48(1), 11–28.Google Scholar

Williams, Brian G. (2013). Predators. Dulles: Potomac Books.Google Scholar

Williams, Jody (2011). Borderless battlefield: The CIA, the U.S. Military, and drones . International Journal of Intelligence Ethics, 2(1), 2–34.Google Scholar

Williams, John (2015). Distant intimacy: Space, drones, and just war. Ethics & International Affairs, 29(1), 93–110.Google Scholar

Willmot, Haidi, and Mamiya, Ralph (2015). Mandated to protect: Security Council practice of the protection of civilians. In Weller, Marc, ed., The Oxford Handbook of The Use of Force in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 375–397.Google Scholar

Wilmer, Franke (2002). The Social Construction of Man, the State, and War. New York; London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Winston, Carla (2018). Norm structure, diffusion, and evolution: A conceptual approach. European Journal of International Relations, 24(3), 638–661.Google Scholar

Woods, Chris (2015). Covert drone strikes and the fiction of zero civilian casualties. In Aaronson, Mike, Aslam, Wali, Dyson, Tom, and Rauxloh, Regina, eds., Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention. Oxon: Routledge, 95–113.Google Scholar

Woods, Chris, and Lamb, Christina (2012). CIA Tactics in Pakistan Include Targeting Rescuers and Funerals. www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2012-02-04/cia-tactics-in-pakistan-include-targeting-rescuers-and-funerals.Google Scholar

Woods, Chris, and Serle, Jack (2011). Secret US Documents Show Brennan’s ‘No Civilian Drone Deaths’ Claim Was False. www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2013/04/11/secret-us-documents-show-brennans-no-civilian-drone-deaths-claim-was-false/.Google Scholar

Worth, Robert F. (2021). Qaddafi’s son is alive. And he wants to take Libya back. 30 July 2021. The New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2021/07/30/magazine/qaddafi-libya.html.Google Scholar

Yeatman, Anna (2000). Who is the subject of human rights. American Behavioral Scientist, 49(9), 1498–1513.Google Scholar

Zalewski, Marysia (1995). ‘Well, what is the feminist perspective on Bosnia?’. International Affairs, 71(2), 339–356.Google Scholar

Zambakari, Christopher (2016). The misguided and mismanaged intervention in Libya: Consequences for peace. African Security Review, 25(1), 44–62.Google Scholar

Zangl, Bernhard, and Zürn, Michael (1996). Argumentatives Handeln bei internationalen Verhandlungen: Moderate Anmerkungen zur post-realistischen Debatte. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 3(2), 341–366.Google Scholar

Zaum, Dominik (2007). The Sovereignty Paradox – The Norms and Politics of International State Building. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Zehfuß, Maja (2001). Constructivism and identity: A dangerous liaison. European Journal of International Relations, 7(3), 315–348.Google Scholar

Zimmermann, Lisbeth (2017). Global Norms with a Local Face. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Zimmermann, Lisbeth, Deitelhoff, Nicole, and Lesch, Max (2017). Unlocking the agency of the governed: Contestation and norm dynamics. Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal, 2(5), 691–708.Google Scholar

Zürn, Michael, and Heupel, Monika (2017). Human rights protection in international organizations: An introduction. In Heupel, Monika, and Zürn, Michael, eds., Protecting the Individual from International Authority: Human Rights in International Organizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–39.Google Scholar

Book contents

References

Summary

Access options

References

Book contents

References

Summary

Access options

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive