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69 - Stem Cell Research

from PART IV - ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN FERTILITY AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2010

By
M. E. Poo  and
Carlos Simón
Edited by
Botros R. M. B. Rizk ,
Juan A. Garcia-Velasco ,
Hassan N. Sallam  and
Antonis Makrigiannakis
Botros R. M. B. Rizk
Affiliation:
University of South Alabama
Juan A. Garcia-Velasco
Affiliation:
Rey Juan Carlos University School of Medicine,
Hassan N. Sallam
Affiliation:
University of Alexandria School of Medicine
Antonis Makrigiannakis
Affiliation:
University of Crete
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Summary

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, stem cell represents one of the most promising research areas in regenerative medicine. They are defined by two basic properties: the ability to proliferate by a process of self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into specialized cell types. According to their origin, they can be classified as embryonic or adult stem cells.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cell lines derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of human blastocyst. The differentiation potential of these cells to the three embryonic germ layers make them an attractive research tool for the study of early human developmental process as well as a potential therapeutic tool for various human diseases. hESCs are also invaluable research tools to study embryonic development and can serve as a platform to develop and test new therapies.

INTRODUCTION

The discovery and characterization of hESCs have revolutionized the scientific community due to the potential therapeutic use of these pluripotent cells. At the same time, research with hESCs is an extremely controversial and politicized issue in our society.

Reports on embryonic stem cells were first introduced by Cole et al. in the early sixties using rabbit blastocysts (1,2). Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) were isolated from ICM of murine preimplantation embryos (3,4). mESC are capable of proliferating indefinitely in an undifferentiated state and are pluripotent, making them a perfect vehicle for genetic manipulations in mice.

Keywords

assisted reproductive techniquesembryonic developmenthuman embryonic stem cellssomatic cell nuclear transferxenobiotic-free feeder systemsupernumerary frozen embryos
Type
Chapter
Information
Infertility and Assisted Reproduction , pp. 695 - 705
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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