Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:09:54.215Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

10 - Pursuing Interpersonal Value

An Interdependence Perspective

from Part III - Interdependence, Goal Pursuit, and Person Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2020

Laura V. Machia
Affiliation:
Syracuse University, New York
Christopher R. Agnew
Affiliation:
Purdue University, Indiana
Ximena B. Arriaga
Affiliation:
Purdue University, Indiana
Get access

Summary

The quality of interactions and relationships depends on the thoughts and feelings of both partners. Hence, people often try to manage the thoughts and feelings others have about them. This chapter reports the results of a program of research examining the role of interpersonal value goals – goals to be valued as a relationship partner – in interpersonal interactions and relationships. This research suggests that adopting the goal to be valued by others often motivates people to enact prosocial behaviors and adopt compassionate goals, and elicits positive responses from partners. The link between interpersonal value goals and prosocial behavior was particularly strong when participants endorsed lay theories that prosocial behavior elevates people’s interpersonal value and when they were immersed in relationship contexts in which specific partners rewarded their prosocial behavior, suggesting that selection of prosocial strategies as a means to pursue interpersonal value depends on explicit and tacit knowledge of interdependence.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arriaga, X. B. & Agnew, C. R. (2001). Being committed: Affective, cognitive, and conative components of relationship commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 11901203.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977a). Social Learning Theory. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977b). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1963). Vicarious reinforcement and imitative learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 601607.Google Scholar
Bargh, J. A. (1994). The four horsement of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition. In Wyer, J. R. S. & Srull, T. K. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Cognition (2nd ed., pp. 140). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Batson, C. D. & Powell, A. A. (2003). Altruism and prosocial behavior. In Millon, T. & Lerner, M. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology: Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 463484). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F. & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497529.Google Scholar
Bekker, M. H., Bachrach, N., & Croon, M. A. (2007). The relationships of antisocial behavior with attachment styles, autonomy‐connectedness, and alexithymia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 507527.Google Scholar
Berscheid, E. & Walster, E. (1978). Interpersonal Attraction. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Buunk, B. P. & Schaufeli, W. B. (1999). Reciprocity in interpersonal relationships: An evolutionary perspective on its importance for health and well-being. European Review of Social Psychology, 10, 259291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canevello, A. & Crocker, J. (2010). Creating good relationships: Responsiveness, relationship quality, and interpersonal goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 78106.Google Scholar
Canevello, A. & Crocker, J. (2011). Interpersonal goals, others’ regard for the self, and self‐esteem: The paradoxical consequences of self‐image and compassionate goals. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 422434.Google Scholar
Canevello, A. & Crocker, J. (2015). How self‐image and compassionate goals shape intrapsychic experiences. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9, 620629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, S., Shechter, D. & Chaiken, S. (1996). Getting at the truth or getting along: Accuracy-versus impression-motivated heuristic and systematic processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 262275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cialdini, R. B., Baumann, D. J., & Kenrick, D. T. (1981). Insights from sadness: A three-step model of the development of altruism as hedonism. Developmental Review, 1, 207223.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S., Dubash, P., & Mills, J. (1998). Interest in another’s consideration of one’s needs in communal and exchange relationships. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 246264.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S. & Finkel, E. J. (2005). Willingness to express emotion: The impact of relationship type, communal orientation, and their interaction. Personal Relationships, 12, 169180.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S. & Lemay, E. P. Jr. (2010). Close relationships. In Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., & Lindzey, G. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (5th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 898940). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S. & Mills, J. R. (2011). A theory of communal (and exchange) relationships. In Lange, P. A. M. V., Kruglanski, A. W., & Higgins, E. T. (Eds.), Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (pp. 232250). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Collins, N. L. & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 10531073.Google Scholar
Condon, J. W. & Crano, W. D. (1988). Inferred evaluation and the relation between attitude similarity and interpersonal attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 789797.Google Scholar
Corcoran, K. O. C. & Mallinckrodt, B. (2000). Adult attachment, self‐efficacy, perspective taking, and conflict resolution. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78, 473483.Google Scholar
Crocker, J. & Canevello, A. (2008). Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: The role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 555575.Google Scholar
Crocker, J., Canevello, A., & Brown, A. A. (2017). Social motivation: Costs and benefits of selfishness and otherishness. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 299325.Google Scholar
Drigotas, S. M., Safstrom, C. A., & Gentilia, T. (1999). An investment model prediction of dating infidelity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 509524.Google Scholar
Duarte, J. & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2015). Focusing on self or others has different consequences for psychological well-being: A longitudinal study of the effects of distinct interpersonal goals. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34, 809825.Google Scholar
Eccles, J. S. & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 109132.Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, M. F., Robertson, M., & Pringle, J. (2012). Attachment style and marital commitment in the context of remarriage. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 53, 204219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erickson, T. M., Granillo, M. T., Crocker, J., Abelson, J. L., Reas, H. E., & Quach, C. M. (2018). Compassionate and self‐image goals as interpersonal maintenance factors in clinical depression and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psycholology, 74, 608625.Google Scholar
Feeney, J. A., Noller, P., & Hanrahan, M. (1994). Assessing adult attachment. In Sperling, M. B. & Berman, W. H. (Eds.), Attachment in Adults: Clinical and Developmental Perspectives (pp. 128152). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Finkel, E. J., Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., & Hannon, P. A. (2002). Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 956974.Google Scholar
Fitzsimons, G. M., Finkel, E. J., & Vandellen, M. R. (2015). Transactive goal dynamics. Psychological Review, 122, 648673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fossati, A., Feeney, J. A., Donati, D., Donini, M., Novella, L., Bagnato, M., … Maffei, C. (2003). On the dimensionality of the Attachment Style Questionnaire in Italian clinical and nonclinical participants. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20, 5579.Google Scholar
Gagne, F. M. & Lydon, J. E. (2001). Mindset and relationship illusions: The moderating effects of domain specificity and relationship commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 11441155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Oxford: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Gordon, R. A. (1996). Impact of ingratiation on judgments and evaluations: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 5470.Google Scholar
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161178.Google Scholar
Hackenbracht, J. & Tamir, M. (2010). Preferences for sadness when eliciting help: Instrumental motives in sadness regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 34, 306315.Google Scholar
Hadden, B. W. & Knee, C. R. (2015). Who am I in it for? Interpersonal goals and secure base support. Self and Identity, 14, 675691.Google Scholar
Hamby, S. L. (1996). The dominance scale: Preliminary psychometric properties. Violence and Victims, 11, 199212.Google Scholar
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Habke, M., Parkin, M., Lam, R. W., … Stein, M. B. (2003). The interpersonal expression of perfection: Perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 13031325.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. J. & Rusbult, C. E. (1989). Resisting temptation: Devaluation of alternative partners as a means of maintaining commitment in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 967980.Google Scholar
Jones, E. E. (1964). Ingratiation. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.Google Scholar
Karantzas, G. C., Feeney, J. A., & Wilkinson, R. (2010). Is less more? Confirmatory factor analysis of the Attachment Style Questionnaires. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 749780.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal Relations: A Theory of Interdependence. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. & Thibaut, J. W. (1985). Self-interest, science, and cynicism. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 3, 2632.Google Scholar
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2006). Dyadic Data Analysis. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Kenny, D. A. & la Voie, L. (1982). Reciprocity of interpersonal attraction: A confirmed hypothesis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 45, 5458.Google Scholar
Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., & Sleeth-Keppler, D. (2002). A theory of goal systems. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 331378.Google Scholar
Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480498.Google Scholar
Laurenceau, J.-P., Barrett, L. F., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (1998). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner prosocialness in interpersonal exchanges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 12381251.Google Scholar
Le, B. M., Impett, E. A., Lemay, E. P. Jr, Muise, A., & Tskhay, K. O. (2018). Communal motivation and well-being in interpersonal relationships: An integrative review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 144, 125.Google Scholar
Leary, M. R. (1994). Self-Presentation: Impression Management and Interpersonal Behavior. Dubusque, IA: Brown & Benchmark.Google Scholar
Leary, M. R. & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In Zanna, M. P. (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 162). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lemay, E. P. & Clark, M. S. (2015). Motivated cognition in relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 7275.Google Scholar
Lemay, E. P. Jr., Clark, M. S., & Feeney, B. C. (2007). Projection of prosocialness to needs and the construction of satisfying communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 834853.Google Scholar
Lemay, E. P. Jr. & Dudley, K. L. (2011). Caution: Fragile! Regulating the interpersonal security of chronically insecure partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 681702.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lopez, F. G. & Rice, K. G. (2006). Preliminary development and validation of a measure of relationship authenticity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 362371.Google Scholar
Lydon, J. E., Jamieson, D. W., & Holmes, J. G. (1997). The meaning of social interactions in the transition from acquaintanceship to friendship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 536548.Google Scholar
Mackinnon, S. P., Sherry, S. B., Antony, M. M., Stewart, S. H., Sherry, D. L., & Hartling, N. (2012). Caught in a bad romance: Perfectionism, conflict, and depression in romantic relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 215225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moeller, S. J., Crocker, J., & Bushman, B. J. (2009). Creating hostility and conflict: Effects of entitlement and self-image goals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 448452.Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 641666.Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Griffin, D. W. (1996). The benefits of positive illusions: Idealization and the construction of satisfaction in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 7998.Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Griffin, D. W. (2000). Self-esteem and the quest for felt security: How perceived regard regulates attachment processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 478498.Google Scholar
Prot, S., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., Suzuki, K., Swing, E., Lim, K. M., … Liuqing, W. (2014). Long-term relations among prosocial-media use, empathy, and prosocial behavior. Psychological Science, 25, 358368.Google Scholar
Reis, H. T. & Arriaga, X. B. (2015). Interdependence theory and related theories. In Gawronski, B. & Bodenhausen, G. (Eds.), Theory and Explanation in Social Psychology (pp. 305327). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Reis, H. T., Clark, M. S., & Holmes, J. G. (2004). Perceived partner prosocialness as an organizing construct in the study of intimacy and closeness. In Mashek, D. J. & Aron, A. P. (Eds.), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy (pp. 201225). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 101117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. & Buunk, B. P. (1993). Commitment processes in close relationships: An interdependence analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 175204.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Van Lange, P. A. M., Wildschut, T., Yovetich, N. A., & Verette, J. (2000). Perceived superiority in close relationships: Why it exists and persists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 521545.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Martz, J. M., & Agnew, C. R. (1998). The Investment Model Scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5, 357391.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. & Van Lange, P. A. (2003). Interdependence, interaction, and relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 351375.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Verette, J., Whitney, G. A., Slovik, L. F., & Lipkus, I. (1991). Accommodation processes in close relationships: Theory and preliminary empirical evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 5378.Google Scholar
Sadikaj, G., Moskowitz, D., & Zuroff, D. C. (2016). Negative affective reaction to partner’s dominant behavior influences satisfaction with romantic relationship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 34, 13241346.Google Scholar
Schlenker, B. R. (2003). Self-presentation. In Leary, M. R. & Tangney, J. P. (Eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity (pp. 492518). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Swann, W. B. Jr., Bosson, J. K., & Pelham, B. W. (2002). Different partners, different selves: Strategic verification of circumscribed identities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 12151228.Google Scholar
Tice, D. M., Butler, J. L., Muraven, M. B., & Stillwell, A. M. (1995). When modesty prevails: Differential favorability of self-presentation to friends and strangers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 11201138.Google Scholar
Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriaga, X. B., Witcher, B. S., & Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 13731395.Google Scholar
Yovetich, N. A. & Rusbult, C. E. (1994). Accommodative behavior in close relationships: Exploring transformation of motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 138164.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×