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New Zealand How New Zealand Courts Approach Difficult Hague Convention Cases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2022

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Summary

Résumé

Deux arrêts de la Cour d’appel néo-zélandaise témoignent dun changement d’interprétation et d’application de la Convention de la Haye relative à l’enlèvement international d’enfant. Cette Convention a été élaborée dans le but de protéger l’intérêt de tous les enfants grâce à une mesure dissuasive de retour rapide de l’enfant enlevé vers son lieu de résidence habituelle. Il reviendra ainsi aux tribunaux de ce pays de décider du transfert de la résidence de l’enfant. Les affaires entrant dans le champ de cette Convention de la Haye étaient, à Ibrigine, tranchées sur la base de documents. Les dispositifs de protection étaient interprétés de manière restrictive et l’accent était mis sur le retour des enfants.

Les deux récentes affaires ont nécessité respectivement trois et deux ans de procédure judiciaire. Dans la première affaire, l’enlèvement avait été effectué de manière délibérée pour contourner des décisions de justices rendues en Allemagne. Dans la seconde, l’enlèvement avait été effectué par crainte fondée de violences et d’insécurité financière. Dans les deux cas, le bien-être et l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant ont été des facteurs déterminants pour ne pas renvoyer ces enfants vers leur lieu de résidence habituelle afin que les tribunaux de ce pays puissent décider de leur garde.

INTRODUCTION

Two major cases in New Zealand have taken novel approaches when applying the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. In Simpson v. Hamilton, although the Court of Appeal accepted that none of the grounds for not returning a child were made out, the Court still decided that the child should remain in New Zealand. In LRR v. COL, the Court of Appeal refused to order that the child be returned, after examining how the return would impact on the mother and, thereby, create an intolerable situation for the child. In both cases, the courts were determined to do what they thought was in the particular child's best interests.

HAGUE CONVENTION PROCEEDINGS IN NEW ZEALAND

The New Zealand Parliament has implemented the Hague Convention into domestic law, in the Care of Children Act 2004. Section 105 of the Care of Children Act sets out the jurisdiction requirements for what are commonly called ‘Hague cases’.

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Publisher: Intersentia
Print publication year: 2021

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