Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T06:02:05.583Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2023

Colin H. Williams
Colin H. Williams
Affiliation:
Cardiff University
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Language Policy and the New Speaker Challenge
Hiding in Plain Sight
 , pp. 348 - 375
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acierno, S. and Baquero Cruz, J. (2005). The Order of the Spanish Constitutional Court on the proposal to convert the Basque Country into a freely associated community: Keeping hands off constitutional politics. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 3, 94, 687–95.Google Scholar
Aldekoa, J. (2012). Ekina baragarria da! Ba dozak hamabost urte normalkuntza proiektuak martxan direla. Bat soziolinguistika aldizkaria, 82, 149–73.Google Scholar
Alexander, N. (2011). Review of J. Orman, Language Policy and Nation-Building in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 32, 6, 593–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allardt, E. (1981). Ethnic mobilization and minority resources. Zeitschrift Für Soziologie, 10, 4, Oktober, S. 427–37.Google Scholar
Allardt, E. (1992). Qu’est-ce qu’une minorité linguistique? in Giordan, H., ed., Les minorités en Europe: Droits linguistiques et Droits de l’Homme. Paris: Kime, pp. 45–54.Google Scholar
Álvarez-Cáccamo, C. (2011). Contra o capitalismo linguístico: Perante a crise da língua na Galiza. Agália, Revista de Estudos na Cultura, 104, 2, 11–28.Google Scholar
Andrews, S. (2019). The Additional Supports Required by Pupils with Special Educational Needs in Irish Medium Schools. [Dublin]: An Chomhairle um Oideachas Gaeltachta agus Gaelscolaíochta. www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/Additional-supports-2.pdf.Google Scholar
Ardrey, R. (1966). The Territorial Imperative. New York: Atheneum.Google Scholar
Armstrong, T. C. (2013). ‘Why won’t you speak to me in Gaelic?’: Authenticity, integration and the Heritage Language Learning Project. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 12, 340–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Augustyniak, A. and Higham, G. (2019). Contesting sub-state integration policies: Migrant new speakers as stakeholders in language regimes. Language Policy, 18, 4, 513–53.Google Scholar
Azurmendi, M-J. and Martinez de Luna, I., eds. (2007). The Case of Basque: Past, Present and Future. Andoain: Soziolonguistica Klusterra.Google Scholar
Azurmendi, M-J., Bourhis, R. Y., Ros, M. and García, I. (1998). Identidad etnolingüística y construcción de la ciudadanía en las Comunidades Autónomas bilingües de España. Revista de Psicología Social, 13, 3, 559–89.Google Scholar
Baldauf, R. B. Jr (1993). Unplanned language policy and language planning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 14, 82–9.Google Scholar
Baldauf, R. B. Jr (2006). Rearticulating the case for micro language planning in a language ecology context. Current Issues in Language Planning, 7, 2, 147–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barakos, E. (2012). Language policy and planning in urban professional settings: Bilingualism in Cardiff businesses. Current Issues in Language Planning, 13, 3, 167–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barakos, E. (2016). Language policy and governmentality in businesses in Wales: A continuum of empowerment and regulation. Multilingua, Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication, 35, 4, 361–91.Google Scholar
Barakos, E. (2018). The nexus of language policy, ideology and practice in businesses in Wales, in Nekvapil, J. and Sherman, T., eds., English in Business and Commerce: Interactions and Policies. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 73–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barakos, E. and Unger, J. (2016). Discursive Approaches to Language Policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Barrett, M., Kinsella, W. and Prendeville, P. (2020). Special educational needs in bilingual primary schools in the Republic of Ireland. Irish Educational Studies, 39, 3, 273–95.Google Scholar
Basque Autonomous Community (1982). Law for the Normalization of Basque. Ley 10/1982, BOPV 16-12-1982. https://bit.ly/3Amgnzm.Google Scholar
Basque Government (2009). Euskara 21: Bases for Language Policy at the Outset of the 21st Century: Towards a Renewed Covenant. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Basque Government.Google Scholar
Basque Government (2013). Talking Pupils: The Arrue Project 2011. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Department of Education, Language Policy and Culture of the Basque Government and the Sociolinguistics Cluster.Google Scholar
Bastardas-Boada, A. (1989). Language extension in linguistic normalization processes: General patterns and the Catalan experience. Catalan Review, 111, 1, 59–84.Google Scholar
Bastardas-Boada, A. (1994). Language management: An eco-dynamic perspective from/on the case of Spain. Paper presented at the XIII World Congress of Sociology, Bielefeld, Germany.Google Scholar
Bastardas-Boada, A. Boix-Fuster, E. and Torrens-Guerrini, R. M., eds. (2019). Family Multilingualism in Medium-Sized Language Communities. Berlin: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Baztarrika, P. (2019). The contemporary situation in the Basque Country. Panel talk presented at the Gwlad, Gwlad ‘Promoting Minority Languages: Evaluating the Work of Regional Governments’ forum, Senedd Cymru, Cardiff, 28 September.Google Scholar
BBC News (2021). GCSEs: New subjects launched as part of overhaul in Wales, 14 October. www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-58898196.Google Scholar
Bechhofer, F. and McCrone, D. (2014). What makes a Gael? Identity, language and ancestry in the Scottish Gàidhealtachd. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 21, 113–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellin, W. (1994). Caring professions and Welsh speakers: A perspective from Language and Social Psychology, in Williams, R. H., Williams, H. and Davies, E., eds., Social Work and the Welsh Language. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 75–121.Google Scholar
Bellin, W. and Thomas, R. (1996). Caregivers, community and transmission of the Welsh language, in Stephens, J., ed., Teod, Teanga, Tafod: Language Acquisition in Preschool Children in Brittany, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Institute, pp. 60–4.Google Scholar
Bennett Institute for Public Policy (2020). A new public policy institute for the age of disruption, https://bit.ly/3duPj8e.Google Scholar
Bergara, A. (1996). Hezkuntza- eta Hizkuntza-eskubideak indarreko lege-araubidean. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Arartekoa.Google Scholar
Bermingham, N. (2018). Double new speakers? Language ideologies of immigrant students in Galicia, in Smith-Christmas, C., Ó Murchadha, N., Hornsby, M. and Moriarty, M., eds., New Speakers of Minority Languages: Linguistic Ideologies and Practices. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 111–30.Google Scholar
Bermingham, N. and Higham, G. (2018). Immigrants as new speakers in Galicia and Wales: Issues of integration, belonging and legitimacy. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39, 5, 394–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Biagini, E. and Mulhall, D., eds. (2016). The Shaping of Modern Ireland: A Centenary Assessment. Sallins: Irish Academic Press.Google Scholar
Birnie, I. (2018). Gaelic language use in public domains, in MacLeod, M. and Smith-Christmas, C. (eds.), Gaelic in Contemporary Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 128–40.Google Scholar
Blommaert, J., Kelly-Holmes, H., Lane, P., Leppänen, S., Moriarty, M., Pietikäinen, S. and Piirainen-Marsh, A. (2009). Media, multilingualism, and language policing: An introduction. Language Policy, 8, 3, 203–7.Google Scholar
Boix-Fuster, E. and Paradis, A. (2019). New speakers’ ideologies and trajectories in bilingual families in Catalonia, in Bastardas-Boada, A. Boix-Fuster, E. and Torrens-Guerrini, R. M., eds., Family Multilingualism in Medium-Sized Language Communities. Berlin: Peter Lang, pp. 193–222.Google Scholar
Bòrd na Gàidhlig (2006). First National Plan for Gaelic 2007–12. Inverness: Bòrd na Gàidhlig.Google Scholar
Bòrd na Gàidhlig (2011). The National Gaelic Language Plan 2013–17. Inverness: Bòrd na Gàidhlig.Google Scholar
Bòrd na Gàidhlig (2017). Statutory Guidance of Gaelic Education. Inverness: Bòrd na Gàidhlig. https://bit.ly/3duPj8e.Google Scholar
Bòrd na Gàidhlig (2018). National Gaelic Language Plan, 2018–2023. Inverness: Bòrd na Gàidhlig.Google Scholar
Bòrd na Gàidhlig (2021). Annual Report on Implementation of Gaelic Language Plans. Inverness: Bòrd na Gàidhlig.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Bretxa, V., Comajoan-Colomé, L. and Xavier Vila, F. (2017). Les veus del professorat: L’ensenyament i la gestió de les llengües a secundària. Barcelona: Horsori.Google Scholar
Brooks, S. (2019). @Seimonbrooks. Twitter Page.Google Scholar
Bufon, M. Malloy, T. H. and Williams, C. H., eds. (2021). Societies and Spaces in Contact: Between Convergence and Divergence. Berlin: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Caglitutuncigil, T. (2018). Between myth and reality: Language classrooms in Spanish and Catalan social integration programs. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39, 5, 431–44.Google Scholar
Cairney, P. (2012). Understanding Public Policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Cairney, P. (2016). The Politics of Evidence-Based Policy Making. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Campbell, C. (2000). Menter Cwm Gwendraeth: A case study in community language planning, in Williams, C. H. (ed.), Language Revitalization. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 247–91.Google Scholar
Canagarajah, S. (2006). Ethnographic methods in language policy, in Ricento, T. (ed.), An Introduction to Language Policy: Theory and Method. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 153–69.Google Scholar
Candel Tortajada, F. (1964). Els altres Catalans. Barcelona: Llibres a l’Abast/Grup 62.Google Scholar
Cardiff University (2014). A Review of the Work of Mentrau Iaith, Language Action Plans and the Aman Tawe Language Promotion Scheme. Cardiff: Cardiff University. http://gov.wales/topics/welshlanguage/publications/review-of-mentrau-iaith/?lang=en.Google Scholar
Cardinal, L. and Williams, C. H. (2020). Bridging the gap between the politics of recognition and the politics of language service delivery in Ontario and Wales, Treatises and Documents, 84, 5–31.Google Scholar
Cassels-Johnson, D. (2013). Language Policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Cenoz, J. (2008) Achievements and challenges in bilingual and multilingual education in the Basque Country. AILA Review, 22, 13–30.Google Scholar
Cenoz, J. and Gorter, D. (2014). Focus on multilingualism as an approach in educational contexts, in Blackledge, A. and Creese, A. , eds., Heteroglossia As Practice and Pedagogy. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 239–54.Google Scholar
Cenoz, J. and Gorter, D. (2017). Minority languages and sustainable translanguaging: Threat or opportunity? Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38, 901–12.Google Scholar
Cenoz, J. and Gorter, D. (2020). Teaching English through pedagogical translanguaging. World Englishes, 39, 300–11. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/weng.12462.Google Scholar
Central Statistics Office (2017). Census 2016 Report. Profile Ten Education, Skills and the Irish Language. Dublin: Central Statistics Office.Google Scholar
Chalmers, D. (2008). The promotion of arts and culture as a tool of economic regeneration: An opportunity or a threat to minority language development. The Case of Gaelic in Scotland, in Pertot, S., Priestly, T. M. S. and Williams, C. H., eds., Rights, Promotion and Integration Issues for Minority Languages in Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 141–164.Google Scholar
Chalmers, D. (2021). Gaelic As an Economic Asset: A Thirty-Year Journey. Glasgow: Glasgow Caledonian University.Google Scholar
Chalmers, D. and Danson, M. (2008). The Economic Impact of Gaelic Arts and Culture within Glasgow, Glasgow: Glasgow City Council.Google Scholar
Chalmers, D. and Danson, M. (2011). The role of arts and culture in economic regeneration: Gaelic in Glasgow, in Lorentzen, A. and van Heur, B., eds., Cultural Political Economy of Small Cities. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Chernyshevsky, N. G. (1863/1989). What Is to Be Done? Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Ciriza del Puy., M. (2019). Towards a parental muda for new Basque speakers: Assessing emotional factors and language ideologies. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 23, 4, 367–85.Google Scholar
Clément, R. and Foucher, P. (2014). Fifty Years of Official Bilingualism. Ottawa: Invenire.Google Scholar
COGG (2010). Special Education Needs in Irish Medium Schools: All-Island Research on the Support and Training Needs of the Sector. Dublin: An Chomhairle um Oideachas Gaeltachta agus Gaelscolaíochta, POBAL.Google Scholar
Coimisinéir Teanga (2017). Annual Report. An Spidéal: An Coimisinéir Teanga.Google Scholar
Collette, E. and Le Coz, C. (2018). After the Storm: Learning from the EU Response to the Migration Crisis. Brussels: Migration Policy Institute Europe. www.migrationpolicy.org/research/after-storm-learning-eu-response-migration-crisis.Google Scholar
Conde Moure, D. (2019). Plurilingual education in diglossic contexts: Primary school teachers’ voices on the Galician plurilingual education policy. Master’s Thesis, University of Oslo.Google Scholar
Conversi, D. (1997). The Basque, the Catalans and Spain. Reno: The University of Nevada Press.Google Scholar
Cooper, R. L. (1989). Language Planning and Social Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Costa, J., De Korne, H. and Lane, P. (2017). Standardising minority languages: Reinventing peripheral languages in the 21st century? In Lane, P, Costa, J. and De Korne, H. eds., Standardizing Minority Languages: Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 1–23Google Scholar
COST New Speakers (2017). Recent language initiatives, COST New Speakers Network. www.nspk.org.uk/images/TCD_Stakeholders_Final_Report.pdf.Google Scholar
COST New Speakers (2018). From ‘New Speaker’ to ‘Speaker’ in a Multilingual Europe: Outcomes and Reflections from COST Action IS1306 on New Speakers. COST New Speakers Network. Edinburgh: Herriot Watt University.Google Scholar
Council of Europe (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Google Scholar
Council of Europe (2020). Language Tests. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. www.coe.int/en/web/lang-migrants/language-tests.Google Scholar
Crameri, K. (2000). Language, the Novelist and National Identity in Post-Franco Catalonia. Oxford: University of Oxford/Legenda.Google Scholar
Cronin, M. (2005). Irish in the New Century. Dublin: Cois Life.Google Scholar
Cronin, M. (2019). Irish and Ecology. Dublin: Foilseacháin Ábhair Spioradálta.Google Scholar
Crowley, T. (2005). Wars of Words: The Politics of Language in Ireland 1537–2004. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Crystal, D. (2003). English As a Global Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crystal, D. (2019). The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cummins, J. (2014) To what extent are Canadian second language policies evidence-based? Reflections on the intersections of research and policy. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1–358.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, D. (2019a). Minority languages and the social media, in Hogan-Brun, G. and O’Rourke, B., eds., The Palgrave Handbook of Minority Languages and Communities. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 451–80.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, D. (2019b). The market for Welsh language mobile applications: A developers’ perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 36, March, 12–16.Google Scholar
Cuvelier, P. et al. (2010). Multilingualism from Below. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers.Google Scholar
Cymdeithas yr Iaith (2020). Mwy na Miliwn. Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg.Google Scholar
Dalmazzone, S. (1999). Economics of language: A network externalities approach, in Breton, A. A., ed., Exploring the Economics of Language. Ottawa: Canadian Heritage, pp. 33–44. https://documents.pub/document/breton-albert-ed-exploring-the-economics-of-language.html.Google Scholar
Darquennes, J. (2011). Minorities, language politics and language planning in Europe, in Kortmann, B. and van der Auwera, J. (eds.), The Languages and Linguistics of Europe. New York: de Gruyter, pp. 547–60.Google Scholar
Darquennes, J. (2013). Language use at school in the BAC: The Arrue project as a source of inspiration for minority language acquisition planning in Europe, in Basque Government, in Talking Pupils: The Arrue Project 2011. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Department of Education, Basque Government.Google Scholar
Davies, A. (2007). An Introduction to Applied Linguistics: From Practice to Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, P. and Pila, J. eds. (2015). The Jurisprudence of Lord Hoffman. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Davies, W. D. (1982). The Territorial Dimension of Judaism. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Dávila, P. (2003). Introducción, in Dávila, P., ed., Enseñanza y educación en el País Vasco contemporáneo. Donostia: Erein, pp. 9–12.Google Scholar
Dayan-Fernandez, A. and O’Rourke, B. (2020). Galician-Portuguese and the politics of language in contemporary Galicia, in Strani, K., ed., Multilingualism and Politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 231–60.Google Scholar
Del Percio, A., and Van Hoof, S. (2017). Enterprising migrants: Language, education and the politics of activation, in Flubacher, M and Del Percio, A., eds., Language, Education, and Neoliberalism. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, pp. 140–62.Google Scholar
Dewaele, J. M. (2017). Why the dichotomy ‘L1 versus LX user’ is better than ‘native versus non-native speaker.’ Applied Linguistics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amw055.Google Scholar
Dion, S. (2003). Why Immersion has a Prominent Place in the Action Plan for Official Languages. Notes for an address by the Honourable Stéphane Dion, President of the Privy Council and Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs. New Brunswick: Canadian Parents for French.Google Scholar
Direcció General de Política Lingüística and Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya (2019). Els usos lingüístics de la població de Catalunya: Resultats de l’Enquesta d’usos lingüístics de la població 2018. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya.Google Scholar
Djillali, A. et al. (2017). The management of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine. December, 45, 12, pp. 2078–88.Google Scholar
Duchêne, A. and Heller, M. eds. (2007). Discourses of Endangerment Ideology and Interest in the Defence of Languages. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Duchêne, A. and Heller, M., eds. (2012). Language in Late Capitalism: Pride and Profit. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. (2003). The ratification by the United Kingdom of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Mercator linguistic rights and legislation, working paper no. 10. Ciemen. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED479896.Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. (2006). Is there a duty to legislate for linguistic minorities? Journal of Law and Society, 33, 1, 181–98.Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. (2018). Organisational language planning: Gaelic Language Plans in the public sector, in MacLeod, M. and Smith-Christmas, C. eds., Gaelic in Contemporary Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 156–72.Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. (2019). An Coimisinéir Teanga and Comisiynydd y Gymraeg: The challenges of a changing legislative environment, in Amon, H. and James, E. (eds.), Constitutional Pioneers: Language Commissioners and the Protection of Official, Minority and Indigenous Languages. Montreal: Éditions Yves Blais, pp. 101–24.Google Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2014). Bilingual life after school? Language use, ideologies and attitudes among Gaelic-medium educated adults. Unpublished PhD thesis, Edinburgh University.Google Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2016). Gàidheil, Goill agus Coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig: Ideòlasan cànain inbhich a fhuair foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig [Gaels, Lowlanders and the Gaelic Community: Language ideologies among adults who received Gaelic-medium education], Rannsachadh na Gàidhlig 8. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press.Google Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2017). Immersion education outcomes and the Gaelic community: Identities and language ideologies among Gaelic-medium educated adults in Scotland. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38, 726–41. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2016.1249875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2018a). When school is over and done with: Linguistic practices and socio-demographic profiles of Gaelic-medium educated adults, in MacLeod, M. and Smith-Christmas, C. (eds.), Gaelic in Contemporary Scotland: The Revitalisation of an Endangered Language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 62–78.Google Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2018b). New Gaelic Speakers, new Gaels? Language ideologies and ethnolinguistic continuity among Gaelic-medium educated adults, in Smith-Christmas, et al. (eds.), New Speakers of Minority Languages: Linguistic Practice and Ideology. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 23–44.Google Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2018c). Bilingual life after school? Opportunity, choice and ideology among former Gaelic-medium students. Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, LXVIII, 287–316.Google Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2019). Language Revitalisation in Gaelic Scotland: Linguistic Practice and Ideology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2020). Language policy and prospects: Metalinguistic discourses on social disruption and language maintenance in a transatlantic, minority community. Language and Communication, 76, 69–78.Google Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2021a). Emic and essentialist perspectives on Gaelic heritage: New speakers, language policy and cultural identity in Nova Scotia and Scotland. Language in Society, 50, 259–81.Google Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2021b). Review: ‘Minority languages, national languages, and official language policies’, by Lane-Mercier, G., Merkle, D. and Koustas, J. (eds). British Journal of Canadian Studies, 27, 2, 130–1.Google Scholar
Dunmore, S. (2021c) Transatlantic context for Gaelic language revitalisation. Studia Celtica Posnaniensia, 5, 1, 1–20.Google Scholar
Dyfodol i’r Iaith (2020a). Troi Dyhead yn Realiti. Caerfyrddin: Dyfodol i’r Iaith.Google Scholar
Dyfodol i’r Iaith (2020b). Y Gymraeg yn y gweithle a gweithleoedd Cymraeg. Caerfyrddin: Dyfodol i’r Iaith.Google Scholar
Eaves, S., Jones, G., Jones, K., Jones, M. P and Williams, C. H. (2017). Cyrraedd y miliwn/Reaching the million. National Assembly for Wales, A. M. Policy Paper prepared by Iaith. Castell Newydd Emlyn: Iaith.Google Scholar
El Hachmi, N. (2010). Jo també sóc catalana, Barcelona: labutxaca.Google Scholar
Estonian Language Foundation (2011). Development Plan of the Estonian Language, 2011–2017. Tallinn: Estonian Language Foundation.Google Scholar
Estyn (2017). The Annual Report of Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education and Training in Wales 2016–2017. Cardiff: Estyn.Google Scholar
European Commission (2018). Public Administration Characteristics and Performance in EU28 Spain. Brussels: European Commission.Google Scholar
Euskaltzaindia (1977). El libro blanco del euskara. Bilbao: Euskaltzaindia, Real Academia de la Lengua Vasca.Google Scholar
Euskararen Aholku Batzordea (2009). Basis for a Language Policy for the Early 21st Century: Towards a Renewed Agreement. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Euskararen Aholku Batzordea [Basque Language Advisory Board].Google Scholar
Eusko Jaurlaritza (1990a). Euskal Irakaskuntza 1979–80/1989–90. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia.Google Scholar
Eusko Jaurlaritza (1990b). Euskal Eskola Publikoaren Lehen Kongresua 1–2. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia.Google Scholar
Eusko Jaurlaritza (1999). Plan General de Promoción del Uso del Euskera. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia.Google Scholar
Eusko Jaurlaritza (2003). Plan General de Promoción del Uso del Euskera: 2003–2006. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Gobierno Vasco.Google Scholar
Eusko Jaurlaritza (2005). Euskararen B2 maila derrigorrezko irakaskuntzaren amaieran (DBH-4). Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia.Google Scholar
Eusko Jaurlaritza (2007). Criterios para la normalización del uso del euskera en las administraciones públicas. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Gobierno Vasco.Google Scholar
Eusko Jaurlaritza (2008). Fourth Sociolinguistic Survey 2006. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia.Google Scholar
Eusko Jaurlaritza (2010). Ebaluazio diagnostikoa 2010. Txosten exekutiboa. www.isei-ivei.net/.Google Scholar
Evans, Rh. (2008). Gwynfor Evans: Portrait of a Patriot. Talybont: Y Lolfa.Google Scholar
Evas, J., Morris, J. and Whitmarsh, L. (2017). Ymchwil i’r amodau sydd yn dylanwadu ar arferion teuluoedd mewn perthynas â throsglwyddo a defnyddio’r Gymraeg/Research into conditions influencing Welsh language transmission and use in families. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Extra, G., and Spotti, M. (2009). Testing regimes for newcomers to the Netherlands, in Extra, G., Spotti, M. and Van Avermaet, P., eds., Language Testing, Migration and Citizenship: Cross-National Perspectives on Integration Regimes. London: Continuum, pp. 125–47.Google Scholar
FCFA (La Fédération des Commautés Francophones et Acadiennes du Canada] (2011). Notes pour une allocution de la présidente de la FCFA, Marie- France Kenny. Au Comité permanent des langues officielles de la Chambre des communes dans le cadre de l’étude sur l’évaluation de la Feuille de route : amélioration des programmes et de la prestation des services Ottawa, 24 novembre. Ottawa: Parlement du Canada.Google Scholar
Fernández Barrera, A. (2015). Bilingual commodification in La Mancha: From language policies to classroom practices. Procedia – Social and Behavioural Sciences, 212, 80–4.Google Scholar
Fiontar (2009). 20-Year Strategy for the Irish Language. Dublin: Fiontar.Google Scholar
Fishman, J. A., ed. (1976). Advances in the Sociology of Language. Volume 1. Basic Concepts, Theories and Problems: Alternative Approaches. The Hague: MoutonGoogle Scholar
Fishman, J. A. (1991). Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Gaelscoileanna (2007). Strategic Plan. Dublin: Gaelscoileanna.Google Scholar
Gaelscoileanna Teo (2017). Strategic Plan 2008–2011. Dublin: Gaelscoileanna Teo.Google Scholar
Gagnon, A.-G. and Sanjaume-Calvet, M. (2017). Clash of legitimacies in Catalonia and Spain: The imperial logic of modern constitutionalism versus multinational federalism, in Kraus, P. A. and Vergès Gifra, J., eds., The Catalan Process: Sovereignty, Self-Determination and Democracy in the 21st Century. Barcelona: Institut d’Éstudies de l’Autogovern, pp. 275–99.Google Scholar
Gardbaum, S. (2013). The New Commonwealth Model of Constitutionalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gardner, N. (1989). Language Planning in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, 1975–1989. Nant Gwrtheyrn, Wales, 10–12, November.Google Scholar
Garmendia, J. M. (1980). Historia de E.T.A. San Sebastian: Haranburu, 2 vols.Google Scholar
Garrido, M. R. (2018). Voluntary work, transnational mobility and language learning in a social movement. Language and Intercultural Communication, 18, 4, 451–63.Google Scholar
Garrido Sardà, M. R. (2019). Language socialisation and muda: The case of two transnational migrants in Emmaus Barcelona. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 257, 137–63.Google Scholar
Gathercole, V. C. M. et al. (2007). Language Transmission in Bilingual Families in Wales. Cardiff: Welsh Language Board.Google Scholar
Gazzola, M. (2014). The Evaluation of Language Regimes. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Generalitat de Catalunya (1995). Pla general de normalització lingüística. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya.Google Scholar
Generalitat de Catalunya (2011). Language Policy Report 2010. Barcelona: Catalan Ministry of Culture.Google Scholar
Generalitat de Catalunya (2017a). Language Policy Report 2016. Barcelona: Catalan Ministry of Culture.Google Scholar
Generalitat de Catalunya (2017b). The Language Policy of Catalonia. Barcelona: Departament de Cultura/Politica Lingüística.Google Scholar
Generalitat de Catalunya (2018). Language Policy Report 2017. Barcelona: Catalan Ministry of Culture.Google Scholar
Generalitat de Catalunya (2019a). Language Policy Report 2018. Barcelona: Catalan Ministry of Culture.Google Scholar
Generalitat de Catalunya (2019b). EULP 2018 Enquesta d’usos lingüístics de la población. Barcelona: Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya.Google Scholar
Generalitat de Catalunya (2020). Language Policy Report 2019. Barcelona: Catalan Ministry of Culture.Google Scholar
General Register for Scotland (2005). General Register Office for Scotland Annual Report, 151st Edition. Edinburgh: General Register Office for Scotland.Google Scholar
Glór na nGael (2016). Towards a Strategic Plan for Irish As a Family Language. Dublin: Glór na nGael.Google Scholar
Goirigolzarri Garaizar, J. (2017a). Zergaitik dira garrantzitsuak hiztun berrientzat euskal hedabideak XXI. mendean? [Why are Basque media important for new speakers in the 21st century?]. ‘Euskal hedabideak itun bila’ [Basque media in search of alliances], Euskaltzaindia, Bilbao, 22 February.Google Scholar
Goirigolzarri Garaizar, J. (2017b). Hizkuntzak eta alderdi politikoak: diskurtso linguistikoak Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritza.Google Scholar
Goirigolzarri Garaizar, J. and Landabidea Urresti, X. (2020). Conflicting discourses on language rights in the Basque Autonomous Community. Language Policy, 19, 4, 502–25.Google Scholar
Goirigolzarri, J. Amorrortu, E. and Ortega, A. (2019). Activación lingüistica de jóvenes neohablantes de Euskera en la Universidad, in Ramallo, F. Amorrortu, E. and Puigdevall, M., eds., Neohablantes de lenguas minorizadas en el Estado español. Madrid: Iberoamericana, pp. 23–46.Google Scholar
Gonzàlez, I., Pujolar, J., Font, A. and Martínez, R. (2009). Entre la identitat i el pragmatisme lingüístic. Usos i percepcions lingüístiques dels joves catalans a principis de segle [Between linguistic identity and pragmatism. Linguistic usages and perceptions of Catalan youth at the beginning of the century]. Generalitat de Catalunya, Direcció General de Política Lingüística.Google Scholar
González González, M., ed. (2011). Mapa Sociolingüístico de Galicia 2004. Vol. III: Actitudes Lingüísticas en Galicia. A Coruña: Real Academia Galega.Google Scholar
Gorter, D., and Cenoz, J. (2017). Language education policy and multilingual assessment. Language and Education, 31, 231–48.Google Scholar
Gorter, D., Zenotz, V. and Cenoz, J., eds. (2014). Minority Languages and Multilingual Education: Bridging the Local and the Global. New York: Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg.Google Scholar
Government of the Basque Country (1979). Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country of 1979. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Government of the Basque Country. www.basquecountry.eus/t32448/en/contenidos/informacion/estatuto_guernica/en_455/adjuntos/estatu_i.pdf.Google Scholar
Government of Ireland (2002). Commission for the Gaeltacht 2002. Dublin: Government of Ireland.Google Scholar
Government of Ireland (2010). 20-Year Strategy for the Irish Language. Dublin: Department of Tourism, Arts, Culture, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media.Google Scholar
Government of Ireland (2016). Policy on Gaeltacht Education, 2017–22. Dublin: Department of Education.Google Scholar
Government of Ireland (2021). Historic day as the Official Languages Bill is ready for enactment by the President of Ireland. Press Release, 15 December. Dublin: Government of Ireland.Google Scholar
Government of Navarre (2020). Strategic Plan for Basque (2020–2027). Pamplona: Euskarabidea.Google Scholar
Government of Nova Scotia (2019). Gaelic Nova Scotia: A Resource Guide. Halifax: Government of Nova Scotia.Google Scholar
Gramsci, A. (2011). Prison Notebooks. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Grin, F. (1994). Combining immigrant and autochthonous language rights: A territorial approach to multilingualism, in Skutnabb-Kangas, T. and Phillipson, R., eds., Linguistic Human Rights. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 31–48.Google Scholar
Grin, F. (2003). Language Policy Evaluation and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. New York: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Gruffudd, H. (2014). Cymunedau Hyfyw. LSW Eisteddfod lecture, Llanelli.Google Scholar
Gruffudd, H. and Morris, S. (2012). Canolfannau Cymraeg and Social Networks of Adult Learners of Welsh: Efforts to Reverse Language Shift in Comparatively Non-Welsh-Speaking Communities. Swansea: Academi Hywel Teifi.Google Scholar
Gutman, A. (2003). Identity in Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Halimi, G. (1971). Le procès de Burgos. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Halonen, M., Ihalainen, P. and Saarinen, T., eds. (2015). Language Policies in Finland and Sweden: Interdisciplinary and Multi-sited Comparisons. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Harcourt Publishing (2016). Harcourt Dictionary of the English Language. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.Google Scholar
Harris, J. (2006). Irish in Primary Schools: Long Term National Trends in Achievement. Dublin: Department of Education and Science.Google Scholar
Harris, J. (2008). Irish in the Education System, in Nic Pháidín, C. and Cearnaigh, Ó, S., eds., A New View of the Irish Language. Dublin: Cois Life, pp. 178–90.Google Scholar
Harris, J., Forde, P., Archer, P., Nic Fhearails, S. and O’Gorman, M. (2006). Irish in Primary Schools. Dublin: Department of Education and Science.Google Scholar
Harrison, G. et al. (1981). Bilingual Mothers in Wales and the Language of Their Children. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
Held, D. (2006). Models of Democracy. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Hernandez, F. X. (2007). The History of Catalonia. Barelcona: Rafael Dalmau, Editori.Google Scholar
Hickey, T. N. and Stenson, M. (2016). One step forward and two steps back in teaching an endangered language? Revisiting L2 reading in Irish. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 29, 3, 302–18.Google Scholar
Higham, G. (2020). Creu Dinasyddiaeth i Gymru: Mewnfudo Rhyngwladol a’r Gymraeg. Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru.Google Scholar
Highlands and Islands Enterprise (2014). Economic and Social Value of Gaelic as an Asset. Inverness: HIE.Google Scholar
Highlands and Islands Enterprise (2020). Low Carbon Scotland. Inverness: HIE. www.hie.co.uk/support/browse-all-support-services/low-carbon-scotland/.Google Scholar
Hornsby, M. (2016a). Lemko linguistic identity: Contested pluralities. Language Documentation and Conservation in Europe, 9, 13–25.Google Scholar
Hornsby, M. (2016b). Varieties of variation in a very small place revisited: Some considerations from Wilamowice, in Olko, J., Wicherkiewicz, T. and Borges, R., eds., Integral Strategies for Language Revitalization. Warsaw: University of Warsaw, pp. 81–90.Google Scholar
Hornsby, M. (2016c). Du shtetl à la ville: à la recherche d’un yiddish (presque) perdu. Droit et Cultures: Les langues autochtones dans la cité, 72, 2, 227–40.Google Scholar
Hornsby, M. and Rosiak, K. (2016). Motivational factors in the acquisition of Welsh in Poland. Studia Celtica Posnaniensia, 1, 57–72.Google Scholar
Hornberger, N., and Johnson, D. (2007). Slicing the onion ethnographically: Layers and spaces in multilingual language education policy and practice. TESOL Quarterly, 41, 3, 509–32.Google Scholar
Houses of the Oireachtas (2021). Official Languages (Amendment) Bill, 2019 (Bill 104 of 2019). Dublin: Houses of the Oireachtas.Google Scholar
Hult, F. (2010). Analysis of language policy discourses across the scales of space and time. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 202, 7–24.Google Scholar
Idescat (2019). Report on the Use of the Catalan Language in Commerce. Barcelona: Idescat. www.idescat.cat/?lang=en.Google Scholar
Irujo Ametzaga, X. and Urrutia Libarona, I. (2009). A Legal History of the Basque Language (1789–2009). Donostia: Eusko Ikaskuntza.Google Scholar
James Hutton Institute (2018). Demographic change in the sparsely populated areas of Scotland (1991–2046). Aberdeen: The James Hutton Institute.Google Scholar
Jauregi, P. and Anduaga, U. (2019). Euskaraldia: An analysis of the results. Territory of the Basque Language 2018–2019. https://soziolinguistika.eus/en/argitalpenak/euskaraldia-i-an-analysis-of-the-results-territory-of-the-basque-language-2018-2019/.Google Scholar
Joan i Mari, B. (2009). Language policies and strategies promoted by the Language Policy Secretariat of the Catalan Government. Presentation to the NPLD Language Planning Seminar Dublin, December.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. C. (2009). Ethnography of language policy. Language Policy, 8, 2, 139–59.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. C. (2013). Language Policy? in Language Policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 3–25.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. and Ricento, T. (2013). Conceptual and theoretical perspectives in language planning and policy: Situating the ethnography of language policy. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 219, 7–21.Google Scholar
Jones, K., Williams, C. H., Dunmore, S., McLeod, W. and. Dunbar, R. (2016). Assessment of the National Gaelic Language Plan 2012–17. Inverness: Bòrd na Gàidhlig.Google Scholar
Jones, M. C. (2002). Jersey Norman French: A Linguistic Study of an Obsolescent Dialect. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Jones, M. C. (2018). Does language loss follow a principled structural path? Evidence from Jersey Norman French. Journal of French Language Studies, 28, 3, 399–429.Google Scholar
Jones, Rh. (2021). The geography of minority language use, in Lewis, H. and McLeod, W., eds., Language Revitalisation and Social Transformation. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 37–65.Google Scholar
Kantar (2020). Céard é an Scéal? Public Opinions on the Irish Language 2020 Annual Analysis 6. Dublin: Conradh na Gaeilge and Foras na Gaeilge.Google Scholar
Kaplan, R. B. and Baldauf, R. B. (1997). Language Planning from Practice to Theory. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Keating, M. (2018). The Basque Statute of Autonomy. Centre on Constitutional Change. Edinburgh University, 19 October. www.centreonconstitutionalchange.ac.uk/opinions/basque-statute-autonomy.Google Scholar
Keeley, G. (2008). Spanish speakers fight to save their language as regions have their say. Guardian, 4 May. www.theguardian.com/world/2008/may/04/spain.Google Scholar
Kloss, H. (1967) ‘Abstand Languages’ and ‘Ausbau Languages’. Anthropological Linguistics, 9, 7, 29–41.Google Scholar
Kourdi, J. (2009). Business Strategy. London: The Economist.Google Scholar
Kraft, K. (2019). Language policies and linguistic competence: New speakers in the Norwegian construction industry. Language Policy, 18, 4, 573–91.Google Scholar
Kramsch, C. and Whiteside, A. (2008). Language ecology in multilingual settings: Towards a theory of symbolic competence. Applied Linguistics, 29, 4, 645–71.Google Scholar
Kurvers, J. J. H. and Spotti, M. (2015). The shifting landscape of Dutch integration policy, in Simpson, J. and Whiteside, A., eds., Adult Learning, Education and Immigration: Challenging Agendas in Policy and Practice. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 173–86.Google Scholar
Lane, P. and Räisänen, A.-K. (2019). Heritage language policies: The case of Kven in Norway, in Seals, C. A. and Shaw, S., eds., Heritage Language Policies around the World. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lane, P., Costa, J. and De Korne, H., eds. (2017). Standardizing Minority Languages: Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lanttom, H. (2018). New Basques and code-switching: Purist tendencies, social pressures, in Smith-Christmas, C., Ó Murchadha, N., Hornsby, M. and Moriarty, M., eds., New Speakers of Minority Languages: Linguistic Ideologies and Practices. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 165–84.Google Scholar
Lee, T. S. and McLaughlin, D. (2001). Reversing Navajo Language Shift, revisited, in Fishman, J. A., ed., Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, pp. 1–22.Google Scholar
Lenin, V.I. (1901). What Is to Be Done? Translated by Fineberg, J. and Hanna, G., Marxists Internet Archive. www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/.Google Scholar
Leonet, O., Cenoz, J. and Gorter, D. (2017). Challenging minority language isolation: Translanguaging in a trilingual school in the Basque Country. Journal of Language, Identity and Education, 16, 216–27.Google Scholar
Lewis, H. and McLeod, W., eds. (2021). Language Revitalisation and Social Transformation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Lewis, G., Jones, B. and Baker, C. (2012). Translanguaging: Developing its conceptualisation and contextualisation. Educational Research and Evaluation, 18, 7, 655–70.Google Scholar
Lezertua, M. (2016). Language and Identity in the Basque Country, Presentation to the International Association of Language Commissioners, 8 March 2016, Galway.Google Scholar
Linz, J. (1986). Conflicto en Euskadi. Madrid: Espalso Calpa.Google Scholar
Lourido, G. and Evans, B. (2019). The effects of language dominance switch in bilinguals: Galician new speakers’ speech production and perception. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 22, 3, 637–54.Google Scholar
Mac an Tàilleir, I., Rothach, G. and Armstrong, T. C. (2010). Barail agus Comas Cànain: Aithisg rannsachaidh airson Bòrd na Gàidhlig. Sleat: Sabhal Mòr Ostaig.Google Scholar
MacCaluim, A. (2007). Reversing Language Shift: The Social Identity and Role of Scottish Gaelic Learners. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona.Google Scholar
McCarty, T., ed. (2011). Ethnography and Language Policy. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
McCarty, T. (2015). Ethnography in language planning and policy research, in Hul, F. and Johnson, D., eds., Research Methods in Language Policy and Planning: A Practical Guide. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 81–93.Google Scholar
Mac Cormaic, A. (2016). Modes of Politicization in the Irish Civil Service. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Mac Donnacha, S., Ní Chualáin, F., Ní Shéaghdha, A. and Ní Mhainín, T. (2005). Staid Reatha na Scoileanna Gaeltachta 2004 (Baseline Study of Gaeltacht Schools). Baile Átha Cliath: An Chomhairle um Oideachas Gaeltachta agus Gaelscolaíochta. www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/Achoimre-Staid-Reatha-na-Scoileanna-Gaeltachta-2004.pdf.Google Scholar
McEwan-Fujita, E. (2006). ‘Gaelic doomed as speakers die out’? The public discourse of Gaelic language death in Scotland, in McLeod, W., ed., Revitalising Gaelic in Scotland. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press, pp. 279–93.Google Scholar
McEwan-Fujita, E. (2010). Ideology, affect and socialization in language shift and revitalization: The experiences of adults learning Gaelic in the Western Isles of Scotland. Language in Society, 39, 27–64.Google Scholar
Mac Giolla Chríost, D. (2013). The Irish Language in Ireland from Goídel to Globalisation. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mac Giolla Chríost, D. (2016). The Welsh Language Commissioner: Roles, Methods and Relationships. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
Mac Giolla Chríost, D., Carlin, P. and Williams, C. H. (2016). Translating y Cofnod: Translation policy and the official status of the Welsh language in Wales. Translation Studies, 9, 2, 212–27.Google Scholar
Mac Gréil, M. and Rhatigan, F. (2009). The Irish Language and the Irish People. Maynooth: Department of Sociology, NUI Maynooth.Google Scholar
MacLeod, M. (2018). Learning Gaelic in adulthood: Second language learning in minority language contexts, in MacLeod, M. and Smith-Christmas, C., eds., Gaelic in Contemporary Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 94–113.Google Scholar
MacLeod, M. and Smith-Christmas, C., eds. (2018). Gaelic in Contemporary Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
MacLeod, M., Jones, K. and Milligan-Dombrowski, L. (2015). Delivery of Gaelic to Adults through Ulpan. Inverness: Bòrd na Gàidhlig.Google Scholar
McLeod, W. (2016). Gaelic in contemporary Scotland: Contradictions, challenges and strategies, in Day, D., Rewi, P. and Higgins, R., eds., The Journeys of Besieged Languages. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, pp. 249–72.Google Scholar
McLeod, W. (2018). New speakers of Gaelic: A historical and policy perspective, in MacLeod, M. and Smith-Christmas, C., eds., Gaelic in Contemporary Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 79–93.Google Scholar
McLeod, W. (2020a). Securing Gaelic in the Western Isles and beyond. The National, 31, January. www.thenational.scot/news/18200196.securing-gaelic-western-isles-beyond/.Google Scholar
McLeod, W. (2020b). Gaelic in Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
McLeod, W. and O’Rourke, B. (2015). ‘New speakers’ of Gaelic: Perceptions of linguistic authenticity and appropriateness. Applied Linguistics Review, 6, 2, 151–72.Google Scholar
McLeod, W. and O’Rourke, B. (2017). New Speakers of Gaelic from Outside the UK. Edinburgh: Soillse.Google Scholar
McLeod, W., MacCaluim, A. and Pollock, I. (2010). Adult Gaelic Learning in Scotland: Opportunities, Motivations and Challenges: A Research Report for Bòrd na Gàidhlig. Edinburgh: Celtic and Scottish Studies, Edinburgh University.Google Scholar
McLeod, W., O’Rourke, B. and Dunmore, S. (2014). ‘New Speakers’ of Gaelic in Edinburgh and Glasgow. Project Report. Edinburgh: Soillse.Google Scholar
McLeod, W., Dunbar, R., Jones, K. and Walsh, J., eds. (2022a). Language, Policy and Territory: A Festschrift for Colin H. Williams. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
McLeod, W., Dunbar, R., Macleod, M., O’Rourke, B., Dunmore, S., Armstrong, T. C. and Munro, G. (2022b). Against exclusionary Gaelic language policy: A response to Ó Giollagáin and Caimbeul. Scottish Affairs, 31, 1, 84–103.Google Scholar
Marquand, D. (2004). Decline of the Public. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Martín Rojo, L. and Rodríguez, L. R. (2016). Muda lingüística y movilidad social. Trayectorias de jóvenes migrantes hacia la universidad. Discurso y Sociedad, 10, 1, 100–33.Google Scholar
Martínez-Álvarez, P. (2019). Dis/ability labels and emergent bilingual children: Current research and new possibilities to grow as bilingual and biliterate learners. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 22, 2, 174–93.Google Scholar
Martinez de Luna, I., Erize, X. and Zalbide, M. (2016). Euskararen bilakaera Soziolinguistikoa (1981–2011). Andoain: Soziolinguistika Klusterra.Google Scholar
Massias, J.-P., Urrutia, I. and Irujo, X., eds. (2015). Droits Culturels et Démocratisation/Cultural Rights and Democratisation, Clermont-Ferrand: Institut Universitaire Varenne: Collection ‘Kultura’.Google Scholar
Mertz, E. (1989). Sociolinguistic creativity: Cape Breton Gaelic’s linguistic ‘tip’, in Dorian, N. C., ed., Investigating Obsolescence: Studies in Language Contraction and Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 103–16.Google Scholar
Moal, S. Ó Murchadha, N. P. and Walsh, J. (2018). New speakers and language in the media: Design in Breton and Irish broadcast media, in Smith-Christmas, C., Ó Murchadha, N., Hornsby, M. and Moriarty, M., eds., New Speakers of Minority Languages. Linguistic Ideologies and Practices. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 189–210.Google Scholar
Monteagudo, H. and Muniain, F. R. (2020). Language and migration: The sociolinguistic and glottopolitical dynamics of the Galician community in Buenos Aires from the nineteenth century to the present day. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 41, 1, 97–107.Google Scholar
Moralejo Silva, R. and Ramallo, F. (2019). Las condiciones del (pre).beofalantismo y el processo de conversion lingüistica en Galicia, in Ramallo, F., Amorrortu, E. and Puigdevall, M., eds., Neohablantes de lenguas minorizadas en el Estado español. Madrid: Iberoamericana, pp. 165–84.Google Scholar
Morgan, K. O. (1995). Modern Wales. Cardiff: The University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
Morgan, P. (2000). The Gael is dead; Long live the Gaelic: The changing relationship between native and learner Gaelic users, in McCoy, G. with Scott, M., eds., Aithne na nGael/Gaelic Identities. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queen’s University Belfast/Ultach Trust, pp. 126–32.Google Scholar
Morgan, Rh. (2013). School reorganisation: A lesson in how not to do it. The case of Canton, Cardiff West, in Thomas, H. S. and Williams, C. H., eds., Parents, Personalities and Powers: Welsh-Medium Schools in South-East Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 242–52.Google Scholar
Moriarty, M. (2015). Globalizing Language Policy and Planning: An Irish Language Perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Mosaic (2017). Our work with refugees. Mosaic, www.mosaicbc.org/about/.Google Scholar
Mudiad Meithrin (2020). Winter Newsletter. Aberystwyth: Mudiad Meithrin.Google Scholar
Mullor, J. S. and Torres Pérez, A. (2019). The Constitution of Spain: The challenges for the constitutional order under European and global governance, in Albi, A. and Bardutzky, S., eds., National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law. The Hague: T. M. C. Asser, pp. 543–90.Google Scholar
Muniain, F. R. (2018). Lengua, Identidad y Política lingüística familiar en a comunidad gallega de Buenos Aires, in Patzelt, C. et al., Migrationsbedingte Sprachkontakte in der Romania des 21. JH. Berlin: Peter Lang, pp. 295–322.Google Scholar
Nance, C., McLeod, W. O’Rourke, B. and Dunmore, S. (2016). Identity, accent aim, and motivation in second language users: New Scottish Gaelic speakers’ use of phonetic variation. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 20, 164–91. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/josl.12173.Google Scholar
National Assembly for Wales (2019). Supporting and Promoting the Welsh Language. Cardiff: Culture, Welsh Language and Communications Committee.Google Scholar
National Records of Scotland (2015). Scotland’s Census 2011: Gaelic report (part 1). Edinburgh: National Records of Scotland.Google Scholar
Newcombe, L. (2002). Second Language Acquisition and Adult Learners of Welsh. Unpublished PhD, University of Wales.Google Scholar
Newcombe, L. (2016). Speak Welsh Outside the Class: You Can Do It! Talybont: Y LolfaGoogle Scholar
Newman, J. H. (1852/2015). The Idea of a University. London: Eterna Press.Google Scholar
Nic Aindriú, S. (2021). The reasons why parents choose to transfer students with special educational needs from Irish immersion education. Language and Education, 36, 1, 59–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2021.1918707.Google Scholar
Nic Aindriú, S., Ó Duibhir, P. and Travers, J. (2020). The prevalence and types of special educational needs in Irish immersion primary schools in the Republic of Ireland. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 35, 5, 603–19.Google Scholar
Nic Aindriú, S., Ó Duibhir, P. and Travers, J. (2021). A survey of assessment and additional teaching support in Irish immersion education. Languages, 6, 62, 1–20.Google Scholar
Nic Shuibhne, N. (1999). Ascertaining a linguistic minority: Ireland as a case study. In Fottrell, D. and Bowring, B. (eds.), Minority and Group Rights in the New Millennium. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, pp. 87–110.Google Scholar
Nic Shuibhne, N. (2000). Rethinking Irish language policy: A legal perspective. Contemporary Issues in Irish Law and Society, 3, 36–53.Google Scholar
Nic Shuibhne, N. (2002). EC Law and Minority Language Policy: Culture, Citizenship and Fundamental Rights. The Hague: Kluwer.Google Scholar
Ní Ghréacháin, B. (2016). Education outside the Gaeltacht. Presentation at the IALC conference on Language Rights, Galway.Google Scholar
Ní Ghréacháin, B. (2021). Irish-Medium Early Years Services outside Gaeltacht Areas. Dublin: Gaeloideachas.Google Scholar
Ní Mhóráin, M. (2016). Education in the Gaeltacht. Presentation at the IALC conference on Language Rights, Galway.Google Scholar
NPLD (Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity) (2019). Activating the Social Use of Minority Languages. Brussels: NPLD Focus Report No. 5.Google Scholar
Oakes, L. and Peled, Y. (2018). Normative Language Policy: Ethics, Politics, Principles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Observatorio da Cultura Galega. (2011). A(s). lingua(s). a debate. Inquerito sobre opinións, actitudes e expectativas da sociedade galega. Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega.Google Scholar
Ó Conaill, S. (2009). The Irish Language and the Irish Legal System: 1922 to present. Unpublished PhD thesis, Cardiff University.Google Scholar
O’Connell, E., Walsh, J. and Denvir, G., eds. (2008). TG4@10: Deich mBliana de TG4/Ten Years of TG4. Indreabhán: Cló Iar-Chonnachta.Google Scholar
Ó Duibhir, P. (2018). Immersion Education: Lessons from a Minority Language Context. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Ó Flatharta, P., Sandberg, S. and Williams, C. H. (2014). From Act to Action: Implementing Language Legislation in Finland, Ireland and Wales. Dublin: Dublin City University.Google Scholar
Ó Flatharta, P., Nic Pháidín, C., Lo Bianco, J., Grin, F. and Williams, C. H. (2009). A Twenty-Year Irish Language Strategy. Dublin: Fiontar, Dublin City University.Google Scholar
Ó Giollagáin, C. (2014). From revivalist to undertaker? New developments in official policies and attitudes towards ‘first language’. Language Policy and Language Planning, 38, 2, 101–27.Google Scholar
Ó Giollagáin, C. (2021). Gaelic crisis requires more than cultural promotion. The Herald, 22 May.Google Scholar
Ó Giollagáin, C. (2022) Reality of the Gaelic crisis needs addressed. West Highland Free Press, 21 January.Google Scholar
Ó Giollagáin, C. and Caimbeul, I. (2021). Moving beyond asocial minority-language policy. Scottish Affairs, 30, 2, 178–211.Google Scholar
Ó Giollagáin, C. and Mac Donnacha, S. (2008). The Gaeltacht today, in Nic Pháidín, C. and Ó Cearnaigh, S., eds., A New View of the Irish Language. Dublin: Cois Life Teoranta, pp. 108–20.Google Scholar
Ó Giollagáin, C. et al. (2007). Comprehensive Linguistic Study of the Use of Irish in the Gaeltacht: Principal Findings and Recommendations. Dublin: The Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs.Google Scholar
Ó Giollagáin, C. et al. (2020). The Gaelic Crisis in the Vernacular Community: A Comprehensive Sociolinguistic Survey of Scottish Gaelic. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press.Google Scholar
Ó hIfearnáin, T. and Walsh, J. eds. (2018). An Meon Folaithe: Idé-eolaíochtaí agus iompar lucht labhartha na Gaeilge. Dublin: Cois Life.Google Scholar
Ó Huallacháin, C. (1994). The Irish and Irish. Dublin: Assisi Press.Google Scholar
Old, R. and Bibby, W. (2020). The Value of People Power. London: Nesta. https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/The_value_of_people_power_-_FINAL.pdf.Google Scholar
Ó Murchú, H. (2014). More Facts About Irish. Dublin: European Bureau for Lesser Used Languages.Google Scholar
Ó Riagáin, P. (1997). Language Policy and Social Reproduction: Ireland, 1893–1993. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
O Riagáin, P. (2008). Irish-language policy 1922–2007: Balancing maintenance and revival, in Nic Pháidín, C. and Ó Cearnaigh, S., eds., A New View of the Irish Language. Dublin: Cois Life, pp. 55–65.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. (2011). Galician and Irish in European Contexts. Attitudes towards Weak and Strong Minority Languages. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. (2014). The Galician language in the twenty-first century, in Miguélez-Carballeira, H., ed., A Companion to Galician Culture. Woodbridge: Tamesis, pp. 73–92.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. (2018a). Carving out breathing spaces for Galician: New speakers’ investment in monolingual practices, in Jaspers, J. and Madsen, L. M., eds., Critical Perspectives on Linguistic Fixity and Fluidity: Languagised Lives. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. (2018b). Just use it! Linguistic conversion and identities of resistance amongst Galician new speakers. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39, 5, 407–18.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. and Nandi, A. (2019). New speaker parents as grassroots policy makers in contemporary Galicia: Ideologies, management and practices. Language Policy, 18, 4, 493–511.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. and Pujolar, J. (2013). From native speakers to ‘New speakers’: Problematizing nativeness in language revitalization contexts. Histoire Épistémologie Langage, 35, 2, 47–67.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. and Pujolar, J. (2015). New speakers and processes of new speakerness across time and space. Applied Linguistics Review, 6, 2, 145–50.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. and Ramallo, F. (2011). The native-non-native dichotomy in minority language contexts: Comparisons between Irish and Galician. Language Problems and Language Planning, 35, 2, 139–59.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. and Ramallo, F. (2013). Competing ideologies of linguistic authority amongst new speakers in contemporary Galicia. Language in Society. 42, 3, 287–305.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. and Ramallo, F. (2015). Neofalantes as an active minority: Understanding language practices and motivations for change amongst new speakers of Galician. International Journal for the Sociology of Language, 231, 147–65.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. and Ramallo, F. (2018). Identities and new speakers of minority languages: A focus on Galician, in Smith-Christmas, C., Ó Murchadha, N., Hornsby, M. and Moriarty, M., eds., New Speakers of Minority Languages: Linguistic Ideologies and Practices. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 91–106.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. and Walsh, J. (2018). Introduction: Comparing ‘new speakers’ across language contexts: Mobility and motivations. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39, 5, 377–81.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. and Walsh, J. (2020). New Speakers of Irish in the Global Context: New Revival? New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B., Pujolar, J. and Ramallo, F. (2015). New speakers of minority languages: The challenging opportunity. International Journal for the Sociology of Language, 231, 1–20.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B., Pujolar, J. and Walsh, J. (2017). Language education and new speakers of minority languages, in McCarty, T., ed., Encyclopaedia of Language and Education. 3rd ed. New York: Springer, pp. 1–12.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B., Soler, J. and Darquennes, J. (2018). New speakers and language policy, in Tollefson, J. and Pérez-Milans, M., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Language Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 610–32.Google Scholar
Oroz, N. and Sotés Ruiz, P. (2008). Bilingual education in Navarre: Achievements and challenges. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 21, 1, 21–38.Google Scholar
Ortega, A., Amorrortu, E., Goirigolzarri, J. and Urla, J. (2016). Euskal hiztun berriak: esperientziak, jarrerak eta identitateak. Bilbao: University of Deusto and Bizkailab.Google Scholar
Ortega, A., Amorrortu, E. , Goirigolzarri, J. and Urla, J. (2017). Nuevos hablantes de euskera: experiencias, actitudes e identidades. https://blogs.deusto.es/euskalgaiak/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Euskal-hiztun-berriak-2016-Deustuko-Unibertsitatea.pdf.Google Scholar
Ortega, A., Urla, J., Amorrortu, E., Goirigolzarri, J. and Uranga, B. (2014). Nous parlants de basc: identitat i legitimitat. Digithum, 16, 6–7.Google Scholar
Ortega, A., Urla, J., Amorrortu, E., Goirigolzarri, J. and Uranga, B. (2015). Linguistic identity among new speakers of Basque. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 231, 85–105.Google Scholar
Ortega-Llebaria, M., Vanrell, M. del Mar and Prieto, P. (2010). Catalan speakers’ perception of word stress in unaccented contexts. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 127, 1, 462–71.Google Scholar
Padín, P. (2019). Neofalantes online, in Ramallo, F., Amorrortu, E. and Puigdevall, M., eds., Neohablantes de lenguas minorizadas en el Estado español. Madrid: Iberoamericana, pp. 147–64.Google Scholar
Pakir, A. (2009). English as a lingua franca: Analyzing research frameworks in international English, world Englishes, and ELF. World Englishes, 28, 2, 224–35.Google Scholar
Parlamento Vasco (2010). Lenguas Minoritaria en la Administración. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Parlamento Vasco.Google Scholar
Pastor, R. and María, A. (2018). Understanding bilingualism in Castilla-La Mancha: Emotional and moral stance taking in parental narratives. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics, 31, 2, 578–604.Google Scholar
Patiño-Santos, A. (2018). ‘No-one told me it would all be in Catalan!’ Narratives and language ideologies in the Latin American community at school. International Journal of Sociology of Language, 250, 59–86.Google Scholar
Patiño-Santos, A. (2019). When language mixing is the norm: Documenting post-muda language choice in a state school in Barcelona. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 257, 109–35.Google Scholar
Pavlenko, A. (2018). Superdiversity and why it isn’t, in Breidach, S, Küster, L. and Schmenk, B. (eds.), Sloganizations in Language Education Discourse. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, pp. 142–68.Google Scholar
Peled, Y. (2018). Language barriers and epistemic injustice in healthcare settings. Bioethics, 32, 6, 360–7.Google Scholar
Peled, Y. and Bonotti, M. (2019). Sound reasoning: Why accent bias matters for democratic theory. The Journal of Politics, 81, 2, 411–25.Google Scholar
Pilar Perea, M. and Boix-Fuster, E., eds. (2020). Llengua i dialectes: esperances per al català, el gallec i el basc. Barcelona: Les Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona.Google Scholar
Pons, E. (2019). 40 anys de legislació lingüística: balanç i reptes de future. Revista de Llengua i Dret, 72, 1–4.Google Scholar
Pons, E. (2020). Language law and language policies, in Argenter, J. and Ludtke, J., eds., Manual of Catalan Linguistics, 25. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 649–68.Google Scholar
Pradilla, M. A. (2011). La Catalanofonia: A community in search of linguistic normality, in Strubell, M. and Boix-Fuster, E., eds., Democratic Policies for Language Revitalization: The Case of Catalan. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 17–56.Google Scholar
Puigdevall, M. (2014). Els nous parlants de llengües minoritàries: pertinences i legitimitats. Digithum, 16, 3–5.Google Scholar
Puigdevall, M. (2022) Voluntariat per la Llengua: Building social cohesion through language. In McLeod, W., Dunbar, R., Jones, K. and Walsh, J. (eds.), Language, Policy and Territory. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 365–85.Google Scholar
Puigdevall, M. and Walsh, J. (2017). Speakerness: Subjectivities, Trajectories, Spaces. WG 8 Report (Period of Phase 2: April 2015 to September 2016). COST New Speakers Network.Google Scholar
Puigdevall, M., Colombo, A. and Pujolar, J. (2019). Espacios de adopción del catalán, una aproximación etnográfica a las mudas lingüisticas en Cataluña, in Ramallo, F., Amorrortu, E. and Puigdevall, M., eds., Neohablantes de lenguas minorizadas en el Estado español. Madrid: Iberoamericana, pp. 111–30.Google Scholar
Puigdevall, M. Pujolar, J. and Colombo, A. (2021) Linguistic safe spaces and stepping stones: Rethinking mudes to Catalan through the lens of space. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 43, 1, 21–31.Google Scholar
Puigdevall, M., Walsh, J., Amorrortu, E. and Ortega, A. (2018). ‘I’ll be one of them’: Linguistic mudes and new speakers in three minority language contexts. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39, 5, 445–57.Google Scholar
Pujolar, J. (2020a). Nous parlants: llengua i subjectivitat. Treballs de Sociolingüística Catalana, 30, 17–38.Google Scholar
Pujolar, J. (2020b). Migration in Catalonia: Language and diversity in the global era, in Argenter, J. and Ludtke, J., eds., Manual of Catalan Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 723–38.Google Scholar
Pujolar, J. (2021). New speakers: New linguistic subjects, in Slavkov, N., ed., The Changing Face of the ‘Native Speaker’: Perspectives from Multilingualism and Globalization. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 71–103.Google Scholar
Pujolar, J., and Gonzàlez, I. (2013). Linguistic ‘mudes’ and the de-ethnicization of language choice in Catalonia. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16, 2, 138–52.Google Scholar
Pujolar, J. and O’Rourke, B., eds. (2019). From New Speaker to Speaker: Outcomes, reflections and policy recommendations from COST Action IS1306 on New Speakers in a Multilingual Europe: Opportunities and Challenges. Castell Newydd Emlyn: IAITH.Google Scholar
Pujolar, J. and O’Rourke, B. (2022). Theorizing the speaker and speakerness in applied linguistics. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice, 16, 2, 207–31.Google Scholar
Pujolar, J. and Puigdevall, M. (2015). Linguistic mudes: How to become a new speaker in Catalonia. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 231, 167–87.Google Scholar
Pujolar, J., Gonzàlez, I. and Martinez, R. (2010). Les mudes lingüístiques dels joves catalans [The linguistic ‘mudes’ of Catalan youth]. Llengua i ús: revista tècnica de política lingüística, 48, 65–75.Google Scholar
Querol Puig, E. and Strubell i Trueta, M., eds. (2009). Llengua i reivindicacions nacionals a Catalunya. Barcelona: Edtiorial UOC.Google Scholar
Ramallo, F. (2012). El gallego en la familia: entre la producción y la reproducción. Caplletra, 53, 167–91.Google Scholar
Ramallo, F. and O’Rourke, B. (2013). Competing ideologies of linguistic authority amongst new speakers in contemporary Galicia. Language in Society, 42, 3, 287–305.Google Scholar
Ramallo, F., Amorrortu, E. and Puigdevall, M. eds. (2019). Neohablantes de lenguas minorizadas en el Estado español. Madrid: Iberoamericana.Google Scholar
Recalde, F. M. (2000). Le parcours socioculturel du galician. Du Moyen Âge au XXe siècle. Lengas, 47, 11–38.Google Scholar
Relaño Pastor, A. M. (2017). Bilingual education and neoliberal CLIL practices, in Tollefson, J. W. and Pérez-Milans, M., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Language Policy and Planning. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 505–25.Google Scholar
Reniu, M. (1995). El pla general de normalització lingüística: un projecte per a Tothom, Revista de Llengua i Dret, 23, Juliol. http://vlex.com/vid/pla-normalitzacio-projecte-per-tothom-77633053.Google Scholar
Richards, S. (2011). Demanding Theresa May’s head on a plate solves nothing. Independent, 10 November.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, I. (2021). The role of social meaning in contact-induced variation among new speakers of Basque. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 25, 4, 533–56.Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Ordóñez, I. (2020). New speakers of Basque: A Basque-Spanish contact approach, in Lourdes Oñederra, M. and Igartua, I., eds., Linguistic Minorities in Europe Online. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Roger, G. and De Bres, J. (2017). Langues de France et Charte européenne des langues régionales et minoritaires: inventaire critique des arguments anti-ratification (2014–2015). Sociolinguistic Studies, 11, 1, 131–52.Google Scholar
Rooney, E. (2001). Language policy implementation: A DCAL’s civil servant perspective, in Kirk, J.M. and Ó Baoill, D., eds., Linguistic Politics. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, pp. 55–60.Google Scholar
Sabaté-Dalmau, M. (2021). Hidden language ‘battles’ in the diaspora: Linguistic identities and ideologies towards home and host languages among Pakistanis in Barcelona. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 31, 2, 213–35.Google Scholar
Sabaté-Dalmau, M., Garrido, M. R. and Codó, E. (2017). Language-mediated services for migrants: Monolingualist institutional regimes and translinguistic user practices, in Canagarajah, S., ed., The Routledge Handbook of Migration and Language. London: Routledge, pp. 558–76.Google Scholar
Sainz, M., Perez, K. and Alonso, I. (2013). A look from several angles of language use in pupils: Reflections and forward-looking considerations, in Basque Government (ed.), Talking Pupils: The Arrue Project 2011. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Department of Education, Language Policy and Culture, pp. 291–9.Google Scholar
Sandberg, S., Ó Flatharta, P. and Williams, C. H. (2014). From Act to Action: Implementing Language Legislation in Finland, Ireland and Wales. Dublin: Fiontar, Dublin City University.Google Scholar
Savoie, D. J. (2013). Whatever Happened to the Music Teacher? Montreal: McGill–Queen’s University Press.Google Scholar
Savoie, D. J. (2015). What Is Government Good At? A Canadian Answer. Montreal:Google Scholar
Saward, M. (2003). Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Scottish Government (2015) The Scottish Government Gaelic Language Plan: 2015–2020. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.Google Scholar
Shaw, J. (1977). Bithidh iad a’ moladh na Gàidhlig, ach ‘sann anns a’ Bheurla. West Highland Free Press, 23 September.Google Scholar
Shohamy, E. (2006). Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New Approaches. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sierra, J. and Olaziregi, I. (1989). EIFE 2: Influence of factors on the learning of Basque. Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia, Gasteiz.Google Scholar
Sierra, J. and Olaziregi, I. (1991). EIFE 3: Influence of factors on the learning of Basque.’Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia, Gasteiz.Google Scholar
Smith-Christmas, C. and Ó Murchadha, N. (2018). Reflections on new speaker research and future trajectories, in Smith-Christmas, C., Ó Murchadha, N., Hornsby, M. and Moriarty, M., eds., New Speakers of Minority Languages: Linguistic Ideologies and Practices. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 283–8.Google Scholar
Solé, J. R. (1996). El concepte de llengua pròpia en el dret i en la normalització de l’idioma a Catalunya. Revista de Llengua i Dret, 26, 95–120.Google Scholar
Soler, J. and Darquennes, J. (2019a). Language policy and ‘new speakers’: An introduction to the thematic issue. Language Policy, 18, 4, 467–73.Google Scholar
Soler, J. and Darquennes, J. (2019b). ‘New speakers’ and language policy research: Thematic and theoretical contributions to the field. Language Policy, 18, 4, 475–91.Google Scholar
Soler, J. and Marten, H. F. (2019). Resistance and adaptation for new speakers in educational institutions: Two tales from Estonia. Language Policy, 18, 4, 553–72.Google Scholar
Spolsky, B. (2004). Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Spolsky, B. (2009). Language Management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Spotti, M., Kroon, S. and Li, J. (2019). New speakers of new and old languages: An investigation into the gap between language practices and language policy. Language Policy, 18, 4, 535–51.Google Scholar
Strubell, M. (1997). How to preserve and strengthen minority languages: A Catherine wheel model. IATEFL Newsletter, Slovenian branch, 7–9.Google Scholar
Strubell, M. and Boix-Fuster, E., eds. (2011). Democratic Policies for Language Revitalization: The Case of Catalan. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
StatsWales (2021). Number of pupils in primary, middle and secondary school classes by local authority and Welsh category. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Subirats, J., ed. (2002). Gobierno local y educación. La importancia del territorio y la comunidad en el papel de la escuela. Barcelona: Ariel.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. (1991). The Malaise of Modernity. Concord: Anansi.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. (2016). The Language Animal: The Full Shape of the Human Linguistic Capacity. Boston, MA: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Thaler, R. and Sunstein, C. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, H. S. (2010). Brwydr i Baradwys? Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru.Google Scholar
Thomas, H. S. and Williams, C. H., eds. (2013). Parents, Personalities and Power: Welsh-medium schools in South-East Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
Tollefson, J. W. (2015). Language education policy in late modernity: Insights from situated approaches – commentary. Language Policy, 14, 2, 183–9.Google Scholar
Tollefson, J. W. (2015b). Historical-structural analysis, in Hult, , F. and Johnson, , D., eds., Research Methods in Language Policy and Planning: A Practical Guide. Malden, MA: Wiley, pp. 140–51.Google Scholar
UK Government (2004). Strategy Survival Guide. Cabinet Office. London: HMSO. https://odi.org/documents/1087/7270.pdf.Google Scholar
UK Government (2010). Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010. London: HMSO. www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/25/contents.Google Scholar
Urla, J. (2012). Reclaiming Basque: Language, Nation and Cultural Activism. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press.Google Scholar
Urla, J., Amorrortu, E., Ortega, A. and Goirigolzarri, J. (2017) Basque standardization and the new speaker: Political praxis and the shifting dynamics of authority and value, in. Lane, P. M. J. and Costa, J (eds)., Standardizing Minority Languages: Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery. London: Routledge, pp. 24–46.Google Scholar
Urla, J., Amorrortu, E., Ortega, A., Goirigolzarri, J. and Uranga, B. (2016). Authenticity and linguistic variety among new speakers of Basque, in Ferreir, V. and Bouda, B., eds., Language Documentation and Conservation in Europe. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press, pp. 1–12.Google Scholar
Urrutia, I. (2005). Derechos lingüísticos y Euskera en el sistema educativo. Iruña: LETE argitaletxea.Google Scholar
Vandellós, J. A. (1935). Catalunya, poble decadent. Barcelona: Biblioteca Catalana d’Autors Independents.Google Scholar
Vernet, J., Pons, E., Pou, A., Solé, J. R. and Pla, A. M. (2003). Dret lingüístic. Valls: Cossetània Edicions.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. (2002). Díchoimisiúnú Teanga: Coimisiún na Gaeltachta 1926. Dublin: Cois Life.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. (2012). Contests and Contexts: The Irish Language and Ireland’s Socio-Economic Development. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. (2015). Nuachainteoirí Gaeilge – in Éirinn agus thar lear, in de Mórdha, M., ed., Ceiliúradh an Bhlascaoid 18: Saibhreas agus Dán na Teanga. Dublin: Coiscéim, pp. 49–63.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. (2017). Enactments concerning the Irish language, 1922–2016. Dublin University Law Journal, 39, 2, 449–66.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. (2019). The role of emotions and positionality in the trajectories of ‘new speakers’ of Irish. International Journal of Bilingualism, 23, 1, 221–35.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. (2021). The governance of Irish in the neoliberal age: The retreat of the state under the guise of partnership, in Lewis, H. and McLeod, W. (eds.), Language Revitalisation and Social Transformation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 311–42.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. and McLeod, W. (2008). An overcoat wrapped around an invisible man? Language legislation and language revitalisation in Ireland. Language Policy, 7, 21–46.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. and Ní Dhúda, L. (2015). ‘New speakers’ of Irish in the United States: Practices and motivations. Applied Linguistics Review, 6, 2, 173–92.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. and Ó Muircheartaigh, P., eds. (2016). Ag Siúl an Bhealaigh Mhóir: Aistí in ómós don Ollamh Nollaig Mac Congáil. Dublin: Leabhair Comhar.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. and O’Rourke, B. (2014). Becoming a new speaker of Irish: Linguistic mudes throughout the life cycle. Digithum, 16, 67–74.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. and O’Rourke, B. (2015). Mudes teangeolaíocha agus nuachainteoirí na Gaeilge. Comhar Taighde (1). www.comhartaighde.com/eagrain/1/walsh-orourke/.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. and O’Rourke, B. (2016). Ag tacú le ‘nuachainteoirí: Ag tógáil Líonraí agus Pobal Gaeilge taobh amuigh den Ghaeltacht. www.nspk.org.uk/images/TCD_Stakeholders_Final_Report.pdf.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. and O’Rourke, B. (2018a). Comparing ‘new speakers’ across language contexts: Mobility and motivations. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39, 5, 377–81.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. and O’Rourke, B. (2018b). Supporting ‘New Speakers’: Building Irish Language Networks and Communities outside the Gaeltacht. Edinburgh: COST New Speakers Network.Google Scholar
Walsh, J., O’Rourke, B. and Rowland, H. (2015). Research Report on New Speakers of Irish. Dublin: Foras na Gaeilge. www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/New-speakers-of-Irish-report.pdf.Google Scholar
Webber, M. M. (1963). Order in diversity: Community without propinquity, in Wingo, L., ed., Cities and Space: The Future Use of Urban Land. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press, pp. 23–56.Google Scholar
Webber, M. M. (1964). The urban place and the nonplace urban realm, in Webber, M. M., Dyckman, J. W., Foley, D. L., Guttenberg, A. Z., Wheaton, W. L. C. and Bauer Wurster, C., eds., Metropolitan Area: Explorations into Urban Structure. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 79–153.Google Scholar
Weinrich, U. (1968). Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Welsh Assembly Government (2003). Iaith Pawb. Cardiff: Welsh Assembly Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2010). Welsh-Medium Education Strategy (WMES). Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2011). A Living Language: A Language for Living. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2013a). Welsh Language Households and Transmission. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2013b) Written Statement – One Language for All: A Review of Welsh Second Language at Key Stages 3 and 4. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2014a). Policy Statement on the Welsh Language, A Living Language: A Language for Living – Moving Forward. Cardiff: Welsh Government. https://gov.wales/welsh-language-strategy-2012-2017-moving-forward.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2014b). Teaching Tomorrow’s Teachers: Final Report Prepared by Prof. J. Furlong. Cardiff: Government of Wales.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2014c). Review of Welsh Second Language at Key Stages 3 and 4: Final Report of Task Group Chaired by Prof. S. Davies. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2014d). Response to Mentrau Iaith Report. Cardiff: Welsh Government. http://gov.wales/topics/welshlanguage/publications/response-to-the-review-of-mentrau-iaith-and-aman-tawereport/?lang=en.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2015a). Successful Futures: The Donaldson Report. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2015b). More Than Just Words. Delivering the Active Offer Information Pack. Cardiff: Welsh Government. https://socialcare.wales/cms_assets/file-uploads/150928activeoffersocialservicesen.pdf.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2016). Language, Work and Bilingual Services: Report of the Working Group on the Welsh Language and Local Government. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2017a). Written Statement – Summary Report of Responses to the Call for Evidence: Preparing for a Welsh Language Bill/ Summary of Responses. 18 July. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2017b). Written Statement – A White Paper on Proposals for a New Welsh Language Bill. 19 July. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2017c). White Paper Consultation Document. Striking the Right Balance: Proposals for a Welsh Language Bill. 9 August. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2017d). Cymraeg 2050: A Million Welsh Speakers. Draft Consultative Document. Cardiff: Welsh Government. www.assembly.wales/laid%20documents/gen-ld11108/gen-ld11108-e.pdf.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2017e). Cymraeg 2050: A Million Welsh Speakers. Cardiff: Welsh Government. https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2018-12/cymraeg-2050-welsh-language-strategy.pdf.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2017f). Welsh in Education Action Plan 2017–2021. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2020a). National Policy on Welsh Language Transmission and Use in Families. Cardiff: Government of Wales.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2020b). Welsh Language Technology Action Plan: Progress Report 2020. Cardiff: Welsh Government .Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2021). Evaluation of the Welsh Language Sabbatical Scheme for Education Practitioners: Summary. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2022a). Guidance on School Categories According to Welsh-Medium Provision. Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Government (2022b) Welsh Language in Wales (Census 2021). Cardiff: Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Welsh Language Board (2010). Annual Review 2009–2010. Cardiff: The Welsh Language Board.Google Scholar
Welsh Language Commission (2021). The Position of the Welsh Language 2016–20: Welsh Language Commissioner’s 5-year Report. Cardiff: Welsh Language Commission.Google Scholar
Wieviorka, M. (1997). ETA and Basque Political Violence, in Apter, D. E. (ed.), The Legitimization of Violence. London: Macmillan, pp. 292–349.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (1980). Language contact and language change in Wales, 1901–1971: A study in historical geolinguistics. The Welsh History Review, 10, 2, 207–38.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (1981). On culture space. Etudes Celtiques, 18, 273–96.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (1985). Conceived in bondage: Called unto liberty. Progress in Human Geography, 9, 3, 42–57.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (1991). Language planning and social change: Ecological speculations, in Marshall, D., ed., Focus on Language Planning: Essays in Honour of Joshua A. Fishman. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 53–74.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (1993). The European Community’s lesser used languages. Rivista Geografica Italiana, 100, 2, 531–64.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (1994). Called Unto Liberty: On Language and Nationalism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (1996). Citizenship and minority cultures: Virile participants or dependent supplicants? in Lapierre, A. Smart, P. and Savard, P., eds., Language, Culture and Values in Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, pp. 155–84.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H., ed. (2000). Language Revitalization: Policy and Planning in Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2002). Geolinguistic representation, in Boudreau, A., Dubois, L., Maurais, J. and McConnel, G., eds., L’Écologie des Langues: Mélanges William Mackey. Ecology of Languages: Homage to William Mackey. Paris: L’Harmattan, pp. 211–36.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2003). Language policy and planning issues in multicultural societies, in Larrivée, P. (ed.), Linguistic Conflict and Language Laws: Understanding the Quebec Question. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–57.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2004). Iaith Pawb: The doctrine of plenary inclusion. Contemporary Wales, 17, Summer, 1–27.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2006). The role of para–governmental institutions in language planning. Supreme Court Law Review, 31, 61–83. Reprinted in Braën, F. and Le Bouthillier, Y. (eds.), Language, Constitutionalism and Minorities/Langues, constitutionliasme et minorities. Markham, ON: LexisNexis Butterworths, pp. 139–59.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2007a). Els drets linguistics com a factor d’inclusió social. Europa de les Naciones, 62, 12–22.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2007b). Applicar el mârqueting al gal-lès en un context ambivalent. Noves SL: Revista de Sociolingüística, Autumn–Winter, 1–13.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2008). Linguistic Minorities in Democratic Context. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2009). Foras na Gaeilge and Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg: Yoked but not yet shackled. Irish Studies Review, 17, 1, 55–88.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2010). Linguistic diversity and legislative Regimes, in Basque Parliament, Lenguas Minoritaria en la Administración. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Parlamento Vasco, pp. 23–50.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2013a). Minority Language Promotion, Protection and Regulation: The Mask of Piety. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2013b). Perfidious hope: The legislative turn in official language regimes. Journal of Regional and Federal Studies, 23, 1, 101–22.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2013c). Reflections: Rapporteur’s Presentation. International Conference on Language Rights, Dublin: Irish Language Commissioner, Fiontar and Cardiff University, 23–4 May.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2014). The lightening veil: Language revitalization in Wales. AREA, Review of Education, 38, 1, 265–95.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2015a). Cultural rights and democratization: Legislative devolution and the enactment of the official status of Welsh in Wales, in Urrutia, I., Massias, J.-P. and Irujo, X., eds., Droits Culturels et Démocratisation/Cultural Rights and Democratisation. Clermont-Ferrand: Institut Universitaire Varenne: Collection ‘Kultura’, pp. 183–203.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2015b). New Perspectives and Challenges on Protecting Language Rights: Promoting Linguistic Pluralism. Rapporteur’s Address to the Annual Conference of the International Association of Language Commissioners, University of Ottawa, 22 May 2015. http://languagecommissioners.org/documents/May_2015_IALC_Conference_report.pdf.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2016). Recent Language Initiatives. COST New Speakers Network. www.nspk.org.uk/images/TCD_Stakeholders_Final_Report.pdf.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2017a). Whither Language Rights and Language Commissioners in the Mosaic of Mutual Influence? Cardiff: International Association of Language Commissioners. www.languagecommissioners.org/research_corner/publications/whither_language_rights_and_commissioners_in_the_mosaic_of_mutual_influence.pdf.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2017b). Policy review: Wake me up in 2050! Formulating language policy in Wales. Languages, Society & Policy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.9802.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2018). Assailed but not yet daunted, in MacLeod, M. and Smith-Christmas, C., eds., Gaelic in Contemporary Scotland: The Revitalisation of an Endangered Language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. xiii–xv.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2019a). Creative ambiguity in the service of language policy and new speakers. Language Policy, 18, 4, 593–608.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2019b). The policy community and recommendations on new speakers, in O’ Rourke, B. and Pujolar, J., eds., From New Speaker to Speaker: Outcomes, Reflections and Policy Recommendations from COST Action IS1306 on New Speakers in a Multilingual Europe: Opportunities and Challenges. Castell Newydd Emlyn, Wales: IAITH, pp. 28–56.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2021a). Forging hope in the company of cynics, in Lewis, H. and McLeod, W., eds., Language Revitalisation and Social Transformation. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 363–80.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2021b). Minority language revitalisation: European conundrums, in Boucher, D., ed., Language, Culture and Colonialism. Capetown: HRS Press.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H. (2021c). On the side of angels: Dignity and virtue in minority–majority relations, in Bufon, M., Malloy, T. and Williams, C. H, eds., Societies and Cultures in Contact: Between Convergence and Divergence. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 35–65.Google Scholar
Williams, C.H. and Walsh, J. (2019). Minority language governance and regulation, in Hogan-Brun, G. and O’ Rourke, B., eds., Handbook on Minority Languages and Communities. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 101–30.Google Scholar
Willliams, C. H., Dell’Aquila, V., Soler Carbonell, J. and Puigdevall i Serralvo, M. (2015). La política lingüística a altres estats multilingües del Món. Barcelona: UOC.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H., Evas, J., Mac Giolla Chriost, D., Williams, C.H. and Chwmni Sbectrwm (2014). Adolygiad o Waith y Mentrau Iaith, Y Cynlluniau Gweithredu Iaith a Chynllun Hybu’r Gymraeg Aman Tawe / A Review of the Work of Mentrau Iaith, Language Action Plans and the Aman Tawe Language Promotion Scheme. Caerdydd/Cardiff: Llywodraeth Cymru/Welsh Government.Google Scholar
Woolard, K. A. (1989). Double Talk. Bilingualism and the Politics of Ethnicity in Catalonia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Woolard, K. A. (1998). Introduction: Language ideology as a field of inquiry, in Schieffelin, B. B., Woolard, K. A. and Kroskrity, P. V., eds., Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–47.Google Scholar
Woolard, K. A. (2008). Language and identity choice in Catalonia: The interplay of contrasting ideologies of linguistic authority, in Süselbeck, K., Mühlschlegel, U. and Masson, P., eds., Lengua, nación e identidad: La regulación del plurilingüismo en España y América Latina. Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, pp. 303–23.Google Scholar
Woolard, K. A. (2016). Singular and Plural: Ideologies of Linguistic Authority in 21st Century Catalonia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Woolard, K. A. and Frekko, S. (2013). Catalan in the twenty-first century: Romantic publics and cosmopolitan communities. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16, 2, 129–37.Google Scholar
Xunta de Galicia (no date). Guide to the Education System in Galician. www.edu.xunta.es/ftpserver/portal/DXC/diversidade/educacion_guia_ingles.pdf.Google Scholar
Xunta de Galicia (2004). Plan general de normalización lingüística. Santiago: Xunta de Galicia.Google Scholar
Xunta de Galicia (2008). Plan xeral de normalización da lingua galega. Santiago: Xunta de Galicia.Google Scholar
Xunta de Galicia (2010). INFORMACIÓN ESTADÍSTICA, Año 2010. Santiago: Xunta de Galicia.Google Scholar
Zalbide, M. (1987). Basque Language Loyalism at the Beginning of the Century: Strengths and Failings. Donostia Second World Basque Conference, 30 August to 4 September.Google Scholar
Zalbide, M. (2000). Irakas-sistemaren hizkuntz normalkuntza: Nondik norakoaren ebaluazio- saio bat. Eleria, 5, 45–61.Google Scholar
Zalbide, M. (2007). Proposanem metodologikoa. Donostia: Euskaltzaindia.Google Scholar
Zalbide, M. and Cenoz, J. (2008) Bilingual education in the Basque Autonomous Community: Achievements and challenges. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 21, 5–20.Google Scholar
Zenker, O. (2013). Irish/ness Is All Around As: Language Revivalism and the Culture of Ethnic Identity in Northern Ireland. New York: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Zuckermann, G. (2020). Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Colin H. Williams, Cardiff University
  • Book: Language Policy and the New Speaker Challenge
  • Online publication: 02 February 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009047326.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Colin H. Williams, Cardiff University
  • Book: Language Policy and the New Speaker Challenge
  • Online publication: 02 February 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009047326.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Colin H. Williams, Cardiff University
  • Book: Language Policy and the New Speaker Challenge
  • Online publication: 02 February 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009047326.012
Available formats
×