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Appendix: languages in Europe 1450–1789

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2009

Peter Burke
Peter Burke
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

‘Cf.’ signals the problem of deciding whether a given variety of language should be classified – for the period 1450–1789 – as a language or a dialect.

  1. Albanian

  2. Arabic (spoken in early modern Spain)

  3. Aragonese (cf. Catalan)

  4. Basque

  5. Belorussian (cf. Ruthenian)

  6. Breton

  7. Bulgarian

  8. Catalan

  9. Church Slavonic

  10. Cornish

  11. Croat (cf. Serbian)

  12. Curonian

  13. Czech (cf. Slovak)

  14. Dalmatian (a romance language, not a dialect of Croat)

  15. Danish

  16. Dutch

  17. English

  18. Estonian

  19. Faroese (cf. Danish)

  20. Finnish

  21. Flemish (cf. Dutch)

  22. French

  23. Frisian

  24. Galician (cf. Portuguese)

  25. Gascon (cf. Occitan)

  26. German

  27. Gothic

  28. Greek (demotic)

  29. Hebrew

  30. Hungarian

  31. Icelandic

  32. Irish

  33. Italian

  34. Karelian (cf. Finnish)

  35. Kashubian (cf. Polish)

  36. Ladino (cf. Spanish)

  37. Lallans (cf. English)

  38. Latin

  39. Latvian

  40. Lithuanian

  41. Livonian

  42. Luxembourgian (cf. German)

  43. Macedonian (cf. Croat)

  44. Maltese

  45. Manx

  46. Moldavian (cf. Romanian)

  47. Norwegian (cf. Danish)

  48. Occitan

  49. Polabian

  50. Polish

  51. Portuguese

  52. Provençal (cf. Occitan)

  53. Romanian

  54. Romansh

  55. Romany

  56. Russian

  57. Ruthenian (cf. Belorusian, Ukrainian)

  58. Sami

  59. Sardinian

  60. Scottish Gaelic

  61. Serbian (cf. Croat)

  62. Slovak (cf. Czech)

  63. Slovene

  64. Sorbian (Upper and Lower, cf. Czech)

  65. Spanish

  66. Swedish

  67. Turkish

  68. Ukrainian (cf. Ruthenian)

  69. […]

Type
Chapter
Information
Languages and Communities in Early Modern Europe , pp. 173 - 175
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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