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3 - The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS: contributions to infectious disease epidemiology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2010

By
Azra Ghani  and
Marie-Claude Boily
Edited by
George Ellison ,
Melissa Parker  and
Catherine Campbell
Azra Ghani
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London, London W2 1PG, UK
Marie-Claude Boily
Affiliation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention Statistics and Data Management Branch, Atlanta GA 30333, USA; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier affilié Universitaire de Quebec, Canada
George Ellison
Affiliation:
South Bank University, London
Melissa Parker
Affiliation:
Brunel University
Catherine Campbell
Affiliation:
London School of Economics and Political Science
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Summary

Introduction

The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the mid-1980s challenged the theoretical basis of epidemiology. From the beginning of the epidemic, HIV/AIDS imposed its rules by successfully attacking and eluding host defence mechanisms, by infecting all strata of different populations and continents in successive epidemic waves of variable amplitude, and by interacting with many other diseases. The propensity of the infection to spread and be maintained in the population, and the difficulty in altering its course with prevention efforts, has forced scientists to develop innovative methodological and preventive approaches to help understand and control the spread of HIV/AIDS.

In this chapter we illustrate from an epidemiological perspective how progress has been made in understanding and controlling the transmission of HIV/AIDS. The primary aim of epidemiology can be split into four areas: to characterise patterns of disease spread (descriptive epidemiology); to understand the factors underlying its spread (theoretical epidemiology); to predict its future course in the absence of intervention; and to evaluate the best options for treatment and control. A great deal has already been written on the first of these areas characterising the spread of this new disease throughout the world. Our focus in this chapter is therefore on the latter three aspects. Throughout the chapter, our emphasis is on the use of theoretical models of HIV/AIDS transmission, which have been instrumental in improving our understanding of the factors allowing the disease to persist and spread, in understanding the course of the disease, and in evaluating the effectiveness of various control strategies.

Type
Chapter
Information
Learning from HIV and AIDS , pp. 59 - 87
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

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  • The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS: contributions to infectious disease epidemiology
    • By Azra Ghani, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London, London W2 1PG, UK, Marie-Claude Boily, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention Statistics and Data Management Branch, Atlanta GA 30333, USA; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier affilié Universitaire de Quebec, Canada
  • Edited by George Ellison, South Bank University, London, Melissa Parker, Brunel University, Catherine Campbell, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: Learning from HIV and AIDS
  • Online publication: 14 January 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614026.004
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  • The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS: contributions to infectious disease epidemiology
    • By Azra Ghani, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London, London W2 1PG, UK, Marie-Claude Boily, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention Statistics and Data Management Branch, Atlanta GA 30333, USA; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier affilié Universitaire de Quebec, Canada
  • Edited by George Ellison, South Bank University, London, Melissa Parker, Brunel University, Catherine Campbell, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: Learning from HIV and AIDS
  • Online publication: 14 January 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614026.004
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  • The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS: contributions to infectious disease epidemiology
    • By Azra Ghani, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London, London W2 1PG, UK, Marie-Claude Boily, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention Statistics and Data Management Branch, Atlanta GA 30333, USA; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier affilié Universitaire de Quebec, Canada
  • Edited by George Ellison, South Bank University, London, Melissa Parker, Brunel University, Catherine Campbell, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: Learning from HIV and AIDS
  • Online publication: 14 January 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614026.004
Available formats
×