Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 February 2013
On life's vast ocean diversely we sail,
Reason the card, but passion is the sail.
Alexander PopeIn Friedrich Maximilian Klinger's play Sturm und Drang the aptly-named Wild complains,
Es ist mir wieder so taub vorm Sinn. So gar dumpf. Ich will mich über eine Trommel spannen lassen, um eine neue Ausdehnung zu kriegen. Mir ist so weh wieder. O könnte ich in dem Raum dieser Pistole existiren, bis mich eine Hand in die Luft knallte.
(K-SD, 8–9)This mixture of melancholy and violence in a Sturm und Drang work comes as no surprise. Nor does the heat with which Karl von Moor rejects his effete times in Schiller's Die Räuber:
Pfui! pfui über das schlappe Kastraten-Jahrhundert, zu nichts nütze, als die Thaten der Vorzeit wiederzukäuen und die Helden des Alterthums mit Kommentationen zu schinden und zu verhunzen mit Trauerspielen. Da verrammeln sie sich die gesunde Natur mit abgeschmakten Konvenzionen, haben das Herz nicht ein Glas zu leeren, weil sie Gesundheit dazu trinken müssen — belecken den Schuhputzer, daß er sie vertrete bei Ihro Gnaden, und hudeln den armen Schelm, den sie nicht fürchten.
(S-NA, 3: 21)Critics may debate when the Sturm und Drang began and ended, what political attitudes it espoused, who belonged to it, or even whether it actually constituted a movement at all, but all agree that it evinces strong emotion. Extreme passion is, in fact, so closely identified with the Sturm und Drang that modern usage has extended the name, even in English, beyond eighteenth-century German literature to any period or state of emotional turmoil.
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