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7 - The Three Lives of the Angang Constitution

from Part III - Socialisms with Chinese Characteristics, 1957–2000

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2024

Koji Hirata
Affiliation:
Monash University, Victoria
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Summary

This chapter delves into Mao’s endeavors to reconfigure socialist industrialization from the late 1950s through the mid-1970s. Amid waning Sino–Soviet relations, Mao criticized Soviet-style centralized planning and advocated decentralization during the Great Leap Forward (1958-1961). This policy shift granted local officials increased horizontal control over major state-owned enterprises (SOEs), such as Angang. Following the Great Leap Forward’s collapse, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) constructed new industrial SOEs within inland “Third Front” regions as a bulwark against potential American and Soviet attacks, thereby reducing resource allocation for Angang and Manchuria. Commencing in 1966, the Cultural Revolution further decentralized power from nationally-owned SOEs such as Angang to local CCP cadres and military forces. Despite these attempts to deviate from the Soviet model, these efforts still preserved essential aspects of socialist industrialization. Nevertheless, the Sino–US rapprochement of 1972 presented China with the prospect of integration into the US-led capitalist global economy.

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Making Mao's Steelworks
Industrial Manchuria and the Transnational Origins of Chinese Socialism
, pp. 229 - 264
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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