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4 - Calling out Zheng Xuan (127–200 CE) at the Crossroads of Ritual, Mathematics, Sport, and Classical Commentary

from Commentators at Work

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2022

By
Daniel Patrick Morgan
Edited by
Karine Chemla  and
Glenn W. Most
Karine Chemla
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
Glenn W. Most
Affiliation:
Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa
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Summary

It is Zheng Xuan (127–200), more than any other commentator, to whom we owe our current understanding of the Confucian Classics – Zheng Xuan, his subcommentators, Kong Yingda (574–648), and Jia Gongyan (fl. 637), who canonised his readings in the early Tang (618–907). Zheng Xuan made mistakes, however, and this chapter offers a case in point: the calculation of physically impossible target geometries for the royal archery meet reputedly held in the Western Zhou (1045–771 BCE), the ‘Big Shoot’ (dashe). In transforming the ambiguous language of the Classics into an elaborate mathematics problem with definite quantities, Zheng Xuan neglects to account for the targets being in three dimensions, and his subcommentators supply mathematical proofs for numbers that are ‘flat wrong’. It is not as if they could not have known, I argue, as the Big Shoot was living practice in their respective days, and as Zheng and Kong were trained in mathematics. Faced with this curious dissonance between exegesis, experience, and mathematical training, I suggest that we might better understand the work of the exegete as reconstructing abstract, ideal forms which were necessarily divorced from their reality and for which mathematics suggested itself as the perfect tool.

Keywords

Zheng XuanKong YingdaJia GongyanConfucianismclassical commentaryritualarcheryhistory of mathematics
Type
Chapter
Information
Mathematical Commentaries in the Ancient World
A Global Perspective
 , pp. 141 - 196
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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