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Chapter Nine - Microbial biotechnology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2020

By
Rachael E. Antwis ,
Ellen L. Fry ,
Chloë E. James  and
Natalie Ferry
Edited by
Rachael E. Antwis ,
Xavier A. Harrison  and
Michael J. Cox
Rachael E. Antwis
Affiliation:
University of Salford
Xavier A. Harrison
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
Michael J. Cox
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham
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Summary

Microbes provide a diverse source of functional traits that can be used to address a whole range of human and environmental problems, from agriculture and farming, to human and wildlife health, and energy production and climate change mitigation. Although microbes and their derivatives have been used for decades in some contexts, recent advances in sequencing and other technologies have allowed us to identify and understand novel sources and applications. Here, we review a range of different types of microbial biotechnology, including probiotics or microbial inputs, prebiotics, enzybiotics, microbiome transplants, antimicrobial peptides and secondary metabolites, across a range of contexts including human health, agriculture, biofuel production and wildlife disease, among others. We discuss the advances made in these fields, along with the complexities and problems associated with success. We also comment on ethical issues surrounding the use of microbial biotechnology and areas of policy and risk assessment that will need to develop to promote safe implementation.

Keywords

bioprospectingconsortiaestablishmentethicsmicrobial inputsmicrobiome engineeringmicrobiome transplantspolicyprobioticsprebiotics
Type
Chapter
Information
Microbiomes of Soils, Plants and Animals
An Integrated Approach
 , pp. 182 - 221
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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