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Chapter 3 - The Development of the Human Immune System

from Section I - Developmental Hematology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2021

By
Amy E. O’Connell ,
Angela E. Rivers  and
William B. Slayton
Edited by
Pedro A. de Alarcón ,
Eric J. Werner ,
Robert D. Christensen  and
Martha C. Sola-Visner
Pedro A. de Alarcón
Affiliation:
University of Illinois College of Medicine
Eric J. Werner
Affiliation:
Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters
Robert D. Christensen
Affiliation:
University of Utah
Martha C. Sola-Visner
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

Neonates frequently suffer from life threatening infections. Immaturity of the immune system increases the vulnerability to infection, and the preterm and term neonatal immune system has specific deficiencies relative to that of an older child or adult [1, 2]. During pregnancy, the physical barrier of the placenta and the maternal immune system protect the developing human fetus from infection. However, maternal infections such as rubella, almost eradicated in developed nations through vaccination [3], or the zika virus, an emerging pathogen [4, 5], can ravage the developing embryo and fetus, leading to life-long disabilities. Furthermore, immaturity of natural barrier systems such as skin, bronchial epithelium and the lining of the gastrointestinal tract compound the weaknesses of the immune system of the premature infant [6, 7]. The importance of interactions between the developing immune system, epithelial barriers, and the microbiome to protect the preterm neonate from infection and promote health is increasingly recognized [8, 9]. Ethical and political concerns limit our ability to study the embryological development of the human immune system to the same depth [10, 11].

Type
Chapter
Information
Neonatal Hematology
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hematologic Problems
 , pp. 25 - 42
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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