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Chapter 11 - Screening for Seizures in At-Risk Pediatric Patients

from Part III - Practice of Neuromonitoring: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2022

By
Adam Wallace  and
Eric T. Payne
Edited by
Cecil D. Hahn  and
Courtney J. Wusthoff
Cecil D. Hahn
Affiliation:
The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto
Courtney J. Wusthoff
Affiliation:
Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University
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Summary

Neurological injury is extremely common among children admitted to the intensive care unit. The importance of recognizing and treating seizures in this vulnerable pediatric population is supported by a growing body of evidence, suggesting that seizures, both clinical and subclinical, negatively impact short- and long-term clinical outcomes. Continuous EEG monitoring offers the only noninvasive means to detect subclinical seizures and to confirm whether paroxysmal events suspicious for seizures do in fact represent clinical seizure activity. This chapter will discuss the evidence to support screening for seizures in specific disease states encountered in the PICU population where clinical and subclinical seizures are common. We begin by outlining the key clinical and EEG risk factors for the development of seizures shared by children admitted to the PICU across all etiologies. We then discuss the etiology-specific risk factors. Finally, considerations related to the timing and duration of cEEG monitoring are discussed.

Keywords

EEGCDSAQEEGseizureencephalopathycomastatus epilepticustraumatic brain injuryautoimmune encephalitisepidemiologyrisk factors
Type
Chapter
Information
Neuromonitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Critical Care , pp. 149 - 156
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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