Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:47:01.379Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Muslims in the West: Europe

from PART I - SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2011

By
John Bowen
Edited by
Robert W. Hefner
Robert W. Hefner
Affiliation:
Boston University
Get access

Summary

Overview

Major Muslim immigration to Europe began as part of the colonial ventures of the nineteenth century, but in multiple ways Islam has long been part of Europe. Images of infidels in the Holy Land galvanised support for the Crusades and the Papacy. Islam directly shaped societies in southern Spain and the Ottoman Balkans. Life in the Mediterranean world long involved collaborations among Muslims, Christians and Jews. This history has left strongly ambivalent attitudes towards neighbouring Muslim-majority lands. The debates in the early 2000s over Turkey’s future in Europe reveal the perduring emotional associations of ‘the West’ and ‘Christendom’, and remind us that many Europeans considered, and some still consider, Islam to define Europe’s southern boundaries.

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Muslims moved from the periphery into the centres. French conquest of Algiers in 1830 led to extensive settlement in Algeria and to control over Morocco, Tunisia and parts of western Africa. British and Dutch efforts to regulate trade and production in South and South-East Asia grew into direct or indirect rule over the majority of the world’s Muslims. Some Muslim subjects of these empires eventually travelled to the metropolis for work or study.

Type
Chapter
Information
The New Cambridge History of Islam , pp. 218 - 237
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

al-Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf, Al-Ḥalāl wa al-harām fi Islam, trans. as Le licite et l’illicite en Islam, Paris, 1997.Google Scholar
Allievi, Stefano, ‘Les conversions à l’islam’, in Dassetto, Felice (ed.), Paroles d’Islam, Paris, 2000.Google Scholar
Allievi, Stefano, ‘Muslims in Italy’, in Hunter, Shireen T. (ed.), Islam, Europe’s second religion: The new social, cultural, and political landscape, Westport, 2002.Google Scholar
Ansari, Hayuman, The infidel within: Muslims in Britain since 1800, London, 2004.Google Scholar
Babès, Leïla, and Oubrou, Tareq, Loi d’Allah, loi des hommes: Liberté, égalité et femmes en islam, Paris, 2002.Google Scholar
Bowen, John, Why the French don’t like headscarves, Princeton, 2006.Google Scholar
Bowen, John R., ‘Does French Islam have borders? Dilemmas of domestication in a global religious field’, American Anthropologist, 106, 1 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen, John R., ‘Pluralism and normativity in French Islamic reasoning’, in Hefner, Robert W. (ed.), Remaking Muslim politics, Princeton, 2005.Google Scholar
Bringa, Tone, Being Muslim the Bosnian way: Identity and community in a central Bosnian village, Princeton, 1995.Google Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers, Citizenship and nationhood in France and Germany, Cambridge, MA, 1992.Google Scholar
Burgat, François, L’islamisme au Maghreb, Paris, 1995.Google Scholar
Buruma, Ian, Murder in Amsterdam: The death of Theo van Gogh and the limits of tolerance, London, 2006.Google Scholar
Caeiro, Alexandre, La normativité islamique à l’épreuve de l’Occident: Le cas du Conseil européen de la fatwa et de la recherche, Paris, 2003.Google Scholar
Cesari, Jocelyne, When Islam and democracy meet: Muslims in Europe and in the United States, New York, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cesari, Jocelyne, Être Musulman en France: Associations, militants et mosques, Paris, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cesari, Jocelyne, L’Islam à l’épreuve de l’Occident, Paris, 2004.Google Scholar
Cesari, Jocelyne, Musulmans et républicains: Les jeunes, l’Islam et la France, Brussels, 1998.Google Scholar
recherché, Conseil européen des fatwâs, Receuil de fatwas, Lyon, 2002.Google Scholar
,Conseil européen des fatwâs et de la recherché, Receuil de fatwas (Lyon, 2002)
Dassetto, Felice (ed.), Facettes de l’Islam Belge, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1997.Google Scholar
Favell, Adrien, Philosophies of integration: Immigration and the idea of citizenship in France and Britain, 2nd. edn, Houndmills, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fetzer, Joel S., and Christopher Soper, J., Muslims and the state in Britain, France, and Germany, Cambridge, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foblets, Marie-Claire (ed.), Familles-Islam-Europe: Le droit confronté au changement, Paris, 1996.Google Scholar
García, Bernabé López, and Planet Contreras, Ana I., ‘Islam in Spain’, in Hunter, Shireen T. (ed.), Islam, Europe’s second religion: The new social, cultural, and political landscape, Westport, 2002.Google Scholar
Goody, Jack, Islam in Europe, Cambridge, 2004.Google Scholar
Gresh, Alain, L’Islam, la république et le monde, Paris, 2004.Google Scholar
Hargreaves, Alec G., Immigration, ‘race’ and ethnicity in contemporary France, London, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henkel, Heiko, ‘Rethinking the dār al-harb: Social change and the changing perceptions of the West in Turkish Islam’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30, 5 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, Shireen T. (ed.), Islam, Europe’s second religion: The new social, cultural, and political landscape, Westport, 2002.Google Scholar
,‘Islam, transnationalism and the public sphere in Western Europe’, special issue ofJournal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30, 5 (2004).
Iverson, Hans Raun, ‘Secular religion and religious secularism’, Nordic Journal of Religion and Society, 19 (2006).Google Scholar
Jonker, Gerdien, ‘Islamic television “Made in Berlin”’, in Dassetto, Felice (ed.), Paroles d’Islam, Paris, 2000.Google Scholar
Kahani-Hopkins, V., and Hopkins, N., ‘“Representing” British Muslims: The strategic dimension to identity construction’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25, 2 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kastoryano, Riva, Negotiating identities: States and immigrants in France and Germany, Princeton, 2002.Google Scholar
Kepel, Gilles, Allah in the West: Islamic movements in America and Europe, Stanford, 1997.Google Scholar
Kepel, Gilles, Les banlieues de l’Islam: Naissance d’une religion en France, Paris, 1991.Google Scholar
Kepel, Gilles, Fitna: Guerre au cœur de l’Islam, Paris, 2004.Google Scholar
Khosrokhavar, Farhad, L’Islam des jeunes, Paris, 1997.Google Scholar
Klausen, Jytte, The Islamic challenge: Politics and religion in Western Europe, Oxford, 2005.Google Scholar
Kosnick, Kira, ‘“Speaking in one’s own voice”: Representational strategies of Alevi Turkish migrants in open-access television in Berlin’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30, 5 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Küçükcan, Talip, ‘“Continuity and change”: Young Turks in London’, in Vertovec, Steven and Rogers, Alisdair (eds.), Muslim European youth: Reproducing ethnicity, religion, culture, Aldershot, 1999.Google Scholar
Kumar, K., ‘The nation-state, the European Union, and transnational identities’, in Alayyad, N. and Castells, M. (eds.), Muslim Europe or Euro-Islam, Lanham, 2002.Google Scholar
Landman, Nico, ‘Islam in the Benelux Countries’, in Hunter, Shireen T. (ed.), Islam, Europe’s second religion: The new social, cultural, and political landscape, Westport, 2002.Google Scholar
Pautremat, Pascal, La politique musulmane de la France au XXe siècle, Paris, 2003.Google Scholar
Leveau, Rémy, and Kepel, Gilles (eds.), Les Musulmans dans la société française, Paris, 1988.Google Scholar
Lewis, Philip, Islamic Britain: Religion, politics, and identity among British Muslims, 2nd edn, London, 2002.Google Scholar
MacMaster, Neil, Colonial migrants and racism: Algerians in France, 1900–62, New York, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malik, Jamal (ed.), Muslims in Europe: From the margin to the centre, Münster, 2004.Google Scholar
Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Shatibi’s philosophy of Islamic law, rev. edn, New Delhi, 1997.Google Scholar
Masud, Muhammad Khalid (ed.), Travelers in faith: Studies of the Tablighi Jamaat as a transnational Islamic movement for faith renewal, Leiden, 1999.Google Scholar
Metcalf, Barbara Daly, Islamic revival in British India: Deoband 1860–1900, Princeton, 1980.Google Scholar
Metcalf, Barbara Daly, ‘New Medinas: The Tablighi Jama‘at in America and Europe’, in Metcalf, B. D. (ed.) Making Muslim space in North America and Europe, Berkeley, 1996.Google Scholar
Modood, Tariq, Multiculturalism, London, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modood, Tariq, ‘The place of Muslims in British secular multiculturalism’, in Alayyad, N. and Castells, M. (eds.), Muslim Europe or Euro-Islam, Lanham, 2002.Google Scholar
Modood, Tariq, et al., Ethnic minorities in Britain: Diversity and disadvantage, London, 1997.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Jorgen S., Towards a European Islam, London, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oubrou, Tareq, ‘Le “minimum islamique” pour l’abbatage ritual en France’, La Médina, 5 (2000).Google Scholar
Pearl, David, and Menski, Werner, Muslim family law, 3rd edn, London, 1998.Google Scholar
Pred, Allan, Even in Sweden: Racisms, racliazed spaces, and the popular geographical imagination, Berkeley, 2000.Google Scholar
Ramadan, Tariq, Dār ash-shahâda: L’Occident, espace du témoignage, Lyon, 2002.Google Scholar
Rath, Jan, Penninx, Rinus, Groenendijk, Kees and Meyer, Astrid, ‘The politics of recognizing religious diversity in Europe: Social reactions to the institutionalization of Islam in the Netherlands, Belgium and Great Britain’, Netherlands Journal of Social Sciences, 35, 1 (1999).Google Scholar
Rex, John, ‘Islam in the United Kingdom’, in Hunter, Shireen T. (ed.), Islam, Europe’s second religion, Westport, 2002, pp. 51–76.Google Scholar
Riccio, Bruno, ‘From “ethnic group” to “transnational community”? Senegalese migrants’ ambivalent experiences and multiple trajectories’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27, 4 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roald, Anne Sofie, ‘From “people’s home” to “multiculturalism”: Muslims in Sweden’, in Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck (ed.), Muslims in the West: From sojourners to citizens, Oxford, 2002.Google Scholar
Robbers, Gerhard, ‘The legal status of Islam in Germany’, in Ferrari, Silvio and Bradney, Anthony (eds.), Islam and European legal systems, Aldershot, 2000.Google Scholar
Roggero, Maria Adele, ‘Muslims in Italy’, in Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck (ed.), Muslims in the West: From sojourners to citizens, Oxford, 2002.Google Scholar
Rosanvallon, Pierre, Le modèle politique français, Paris, 2004.Google Scholar
Roy, Olivier, Vers un Islam européen, Paris, 1999.Google Scholar
Salih, Ruba, ‘The backward and the new: National, transnational and post-national Islam in Europe’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30, 5 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samad, Yunas, ‘Imagining a British Muslim identification’, in Vertovec, Steven and Rogers, Alisdair (eds.), Muslim European youth: Reproducing ethnicity, religion, culture, Aldershot, 1999.Google Scholar
Schiffauer, Werner, Die Gottesmänner: Türkische Islamisten in Deutschland, Frankfurt-am-Main, 2000.Google Scholar
Schiffauer, Werner, ‘Islamic vision and social reality: The political culture of Sunni Muslims in Germany’, in Vertovec, Steven and Peach, Ceri (eds.), Islam in Europe: The politics of religion and community, Houndmills, 1996.Google Scholar
Shadid, W. A. R. and Koningsveld, P. S. (eds.), Political participation and identities of Muslims in non-Muslim states, Kampen, Netherlands, 1996.Google Scholar
Shepard, Todd, The invention of decolonization: The Algerian War and the remaking of France, Ithaca, 2006.Google Scholar
Simon, Jacques (ed.), L’immigration algérienne en France, Paris, 2002.Google Scholar
Sniderman, Paul M., and Hagendoorn, Louk, When ways of life collide: Multiculturalism and its discontents in the Netherlands, Princeton, 2007.Google Scholar
Soares, Benjamin F., ‘An African Muslim saint and his followers in France’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30, 5 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Souilamas, Nacira Guénif, Des ‘beurettes’ aux descendantes d’immigrants nord-africains, Paris, 2001.Google Scholar
Soysal, Y. N., ‘Citizenship and identity: Living in diasporas in postwar Europe?’, in Hedetoft, U. and Hjort, M. (eds.), The postnational self, Minneapolis, 2002, pp. 137–51.Google Scholar
Stowasser, Barbara Freyer, ‘The Turks in Germany: From sojourners to citizens’, in Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck (ed.), Muslims in the West: From sojourners to citizens, Oxford, 2002, pp. 52–71.Google Scholar
Sunier, Thijl, and Kuijeren, Mira, ‘Islam in the Netherlands’, in Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck (ed.), Muslims in the West: From sojourners to citizens, Oxford, 2002, pp. 144–57.Google Scholar
Ternisien, Xavier, La France des mosquées, Paris, 2000.Google Scholar
Tibi, Bassam, Islam and the cultural accommodation of social change, Boulder, 1990.Google Scholar
Tietze, Nikola, Jeunes musulmans de France et d’Allemagne, Paris, 2002.Google Scholar
Venel, Nancy, Musulmans et citoyens, Paris, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vertovec, Steven, ‘Islamophobia and Muslim recognition in Britain’, in Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck (ed.), Muslims in the West: From sojourners to citizens, Oxford, 2002, pp. 19–35.Google Scholar
Vogt, Kari, ‘Integration through Islam? Muslims in Norway’, in Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck (ed.), Muslims in the West: From sojourners to citizens, Oxford, 2002.Google Scholar
Werbner, Pnina S.Pilgrims of love: Anthropology of a global Sufi cult, London, 2003.Google Scholar
Wihtol de Wenden, Catherine, L’immigration en Europe, Paris, 1999.Google Scholar
Yilmaz, Ihsan, Muslim laws, politics and society in modern nation states, Aldershot, 2005.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×