Ireland

doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521362900.018

(e) - Ireland

from 13 - The British Isles

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008

Robin Frame

Edited by

Michael Jones

Show author details

Michael Jones: Affiliation:
University of Nottingham

Book contents

Get access

Summary

when in 1394 Richard II led an army to Ireland, he was the first ruler of England to visit the lordship since John in 1210. Richard’s expedition did, however, have recent precedents, most notably that of his uncle, Lionel, earl of Ulster and duke of Clarence, who had been Edward III’s lieutenant there from 1361 to 1366. In a great council held at Kilkenny in 1360 the English of Ireland had told Edward of the perilous state of the country, portraying themselves as assailed on all sides by the Irish, and the justiciar as hampered by shrinking revenues and faced by attacks on so many marches that he could no longer cope. The despatch of Lionel with a large retinue paid mostly from English sources was in part an answer to this plea for assistance. Likewise in 1385, the prelates, lords and commons of Ireland had predicted an imminent conquest of the land and had asked Richard II to ‘prepare in his own person to survey and visit his said lordship for its rescue and salvation’. A not dissimilar message was sent by the citizens of Dublin in 1392.

Such appeals, and the English responses to them, would have amazed Edward I, who had taken his authority in Ireland largely for granted. In his day the Dublin government had been financially self-sufficient; it had regularly sent cash to England, raised supplies for the Welsh and Scottish wars and recruited expeditionary forces for royal campaigns in Flanders and Scotland.

Type: Chapter
Information: The New Cambridge Medieval History
, pp. 375 - 387

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362900.018 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barry, T.B., Frame, R. and Simms, K. (eds.) (1995), Colony and Frontier in Medieval Ireland. Essays Presented to J. F. Lydon, London Google Scholar

Bartlett, T. and Jeffery, K. (eds.) (1996), A Military History of Ireland, Cambridge Google Scholar

Berry, H. F., Statutes, Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of Ireland, King John to Henry V, Dublin (1907)Google Scholar

Childs, W. (1982), ‘Ireland’s Trade with England in the Later Middle Ages’, IESH 9 Google Scholar

Connolly, P. (1981), ‘The Financing of English Expeditions to Ireland, 1361–76’, in Lydon, (1981)Google Scholar

Cosgrove, A. (1981), Late Medieval Ireland 1370–1541, The Helicon History of Ireland, 3, Dublin Google Scholar

Cosgrove, A. (ed.) (1987), Medieval Ireland 1169–1534 (A New History of Ireland, 2), Oxford Google Scholar

Curtis, E., Richard II in Ireland, 1394–5, and Submissions of the Irish Chiefs, Oxford (1927)Google Scholar

Curtis, E., ‘Unpublished Letters from Richard II in Ireland, 1394–5’, PRIA section C 27 (1927)Google Scholar

Davies, R.R. (1984), ‘Lordship or Colony?’ in Lydon, (1984)Google Scholar

Down, K. (1987), ‘Colonial Society and Economy in the High Middle Ages’, in Cosgrove, (1987)Google Scholar

Duffy, S. (1991), ‘The Bruce Brothers and the Irish Sea World, 1306–29’, CMCS 21 Google Scholar

Empey, C.A. (1986), ‘Conquest and Settlement: Patterns of Anglo-Norman Settlement in North Leinster and South Munster’, IESH 13 Google Scholar

Frame, R. (1973), ‘The Justiciarship of Ralph Ufford: Warfare and Politics in Fourteenth-Century Ireland’, SH 13 Google Scholar

Frame, R. (1981), Colonial Ireland 1169–1369, The Helicon History of Ireland, 2, Dublin Google Scholar

Frame, R. (1982), English Lordship in Ireland 1318–1361, Oxford Google Scholar

Frame, R. (1990), The Political Development of the British Isles 1100–1400, Oxford Google Scholar

Frame, R. (1995), ‘Two Kings in Leinster: The Crown and the Mic Mhurchadha in the Fourteenth Century’, in Barry, Frame and Simms, (1995)Google Scholar

Frame, R. (1996a), ‘The Defence of the English Lordship, 1250–1450’, in Bartlett, and Jeffery, (1996)Google Scholar

Frame, R. (1996b), ‘Thomas Rokeby, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Justiciar of Ireland’, Peritia 10 CrossRef Google Scholar

Frame, R. (1998), Ireland and Britain 1170–1450, London Google Scholar

Gilbert, J.T. (1865), A History of the Viceroys of Ireland, Dublin Google Scholar

Graves, J., A Roll of the Proceedings of the King’s Council in Ireland, 1392–3, RS 69, London (1877)Google Scholar

Hand, G.J. (1967), English Law in Ireland 1290–1324, Cambridge Google Scholar

Hogan, D. and Osborough, W.N. (eds.) (1991), Brehons, Serjeants and Attorneys. Studies in the History of the Irish Legal Profession, Dublin Google Scholar

Johnston, D. (1980), ‘Richard II and the Submissions of Gaelic Ireland’, IHS 22 Google Scholar

Lydon, J.F. (1963), ‘Richard II’s Expeditions to Ireland’, JRSAI 93 Google Scholar

Lydon, J.F. (1964), ‘Edward II and the Revenues of Ireland in 1311–12’, IHS 14 Google Scholar

Lydon, J.F. (1965), ‘William of Windsor and the Irish Parliament’, EHR 80 Google Scholar

Lydon, J.F. (1972), The Lordship of Ireland in the Middle Ages, Dublin Google Scholar

Lydon, J.F. (1973), Ireland in the Later Middle Ages, The Gill History of Ireland, 6, Dublin Google Scholar

Lydon, J.F. (ed.) (1981), England and Ireland in the Later Middle Ages. Essays in Honour of Jocelyn Otway-Ruthven, Dublin Google Scholar

Lydon, J.F. (ed.) (1984), The English in Medieval Ireland, Dublin Google Scholar

Lydon, J.F. (ed.) (1997), Law and Disorder in Thirteenth-Century Ireland: The Dublin Parliament of 1297, Dublin Google Scholar

Lyons, M. C. (1989), ‘Weather, Famine, Pestilence and Plague in Ireland, 900–1500’, in Crawford, E.M. (ed.), Famine: The Irish Experience, Edinburgh Google Scholar

Mac Niocaill, G., The Red Book of the Earls of Kildare, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin (1964)Google Scholar

Mac Niocaill, G. (1976), ‘Aspects of Irish Law in the Late Thirteenth Century’, Historical Studies (papers read before the Eleventh Irish Conference of Historians), ed. Hayes-McCoy, G.A., Galway, 10 Google Scholar

Mac Niocaill, G. (1984), ‘The Interaction of Laws’, in Lydon, (1984)Google Scholar

Matthew, E. (1984), ‘The Financing of the Lordship of Ireland under Henry V and Henry VI’, in Pollard, A.J. (ed.), Property and Politics: Essays in Later Medieval English History, Gloucester Google Scholar

McNamee, C. (1997), The Wars of the Bruces. Scotland, England and Ireland 1306–1328, East Linton Google Scholar

McNeill, T.E. (1980), Anglo-Norman Ulster. The History and Archaeology of an Irish Barony, 1177–1400, Edinburgh Google Scholar

Nicholls, K. (1972), Gaelic and Gaelicised Ireland in the Middle Ages, The Gill History of Ireland, 4, Dublin Google Scholar

Nicholls, K. (1982), ‘Anglo-French Ireland and After’, Peritia 1 CrossRef Google Scholar

Nicholls, K. (1987), ‘Gaelic Society and Economy in the High Middle Ages’, in Cosgrove, (1987)Google Scholar

Nicholls, K. (1993), ‘The Development of Lordship in County Cork, 1300–1600’, in O’Flanagan, and Buttimer, (1993)Google Scholar

O’Brien, A.F. (1988), ‘The Royal Boroughs, the Seaport Towns and Royal Revenue in Medieval Ireland’, JRSAI 118 Google Scholar

O’Brien, A.F. (1993), ‘Politics, Economy and Society: The Development of Cork and the Irish South-Coast Region, c. 1170–c. 1583’, in O’Flanagan, and Buttimer, (1993)Google Scholar

O’Flanagan, P. and Buttimer, C.G. (eds.) (1993), Cork. History and Society, Dublin Google Scholar

O’Neill, T. (1987), Merchants and Mariners in Medieval Ireland, Dublin Google Scholar

O’Sullivan, A., Poems on Marcher Lords, Irish Texts Society 53, London (1987)Google Scholar

Otway-Ruthven, A.J. (1967), ‘Ireland in the 1350s: Sir Thomas de Rokeby and his Successors’, JRSAI 97 Google Scholar

Otway-Ruthven, A.J. (1968a), A History of Medieval Ireland, London Google Scholar

Otway-Ruthven, A.J. (1968b), ‘The Partition of the De Verdon Lands in Ireland in 1332’, PRIA section C 66 Google Scholar

Otway-Ruthven, A.J. (1980), ‘The Background to the Arrest of Sir Christopher Preston in 1418’, Analecta Hibernica 29 Google Scholar

Parker, C. (1995), ‘The Internal Frontier: The Irish in County Waterford in the Later Middle Ages’, in Barry, Frame and Simms, (1995)Google Scholar

Phillips, J.R.S. (1990), ‘The Irish Remonstrance of 1317: An International Perspective’, IHS 27 Google Scholar

Richardson, H.G. and Sayles, G.O., Parliaments and Councils of Mediaeval Ireland, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin (1947)Google Scholar

Richardson, H.G. and Sayles, G.O. (1962), ‘Irish Revenue, 1278–1384’, PRIA section C 62 Google Scholar

Richardson, H.G. and Sayles, G.O. (1963), The Administration of Ireland 1172–1377, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin Google Scholar

Richardson, H.G. and Sayles, G.O. (1964), The Irish Parliament in the Middle Ages, Etudes présentées à la Commission Internationale pour l’Histoire des Assemblées d’Etats, 10, Philadelphia Google Scholar

Saul, N. (1997), Richard II, New Haven Google Scholar

Sayles, G. O., Documents on the Affairs of Ireland before the King’s Council, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin (1979)Google Scholar

Sayles, G.O. (1982), Scripta Diversa, London Google Scholar

Simms, K. (1974), ‘The Archbishops of Armagh and the O’Neills, 1347–1471’, IHS 19 Google Scholar

Simms, K. (1986), ‘Nomadry in Medieval Ireland: The Origins of the Creaght or Caoraigheacht’, Peritia 5 CrossRef Google Scholar

Simms, K. (1987), From Kings to Warlords. The Changing Political Structure of Gaelic Ireland in the Later Middle Ages, Woodbridge Google Scholar

Simms, K. (1989), ‘Bards and Barons: The Anglo-Irish Aristocracy and the Native Culture’, in Bartlett, R. and Mackay, A. (eds.), Medieval Frontier Societies, Oxford Google Scholar

Simms, K. (1996), ‘Gaelic Warfare in the Middle Ages’, in Bartlett, and Jeffery, (1996)Google Scholar

Smith, B. (1993), ‘A County Community in Early Fourteenth-Century Ireland: The Case of Louth’, EHR 108 Google Scholar

Smith, B. (1999), Colonisation and Conquest in Medieval Ireland. The English in Louth, 1170–1330, Cambridge Google Scholar

Walsh, K. (1981), A Fourteenth-Century Scholar and Primate. Richard FitzRalph in Oxford, Avignon and Armagh, Oxford Google Scholar

Watt, J.A. (1970), The Church and the Two Nations of Medieval Ireland, Cambridge CrossRef Google Scholar

Watt, J.A. (1972), The Church in Medieval Ireland, The Gill History of Ireland, 5, Dublin Google Scholar

Watt, J.A (1981), ‘John Colton, Justiciar of Ireland (1382) and Archbishop of Armagh (1383–1404)’, in Lydon, (1981)Google Scholar

Book contents

(e) - Ireland

Summary

Access options

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive