Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T12:48:46.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part I - The Origins of Addiction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2023

Ethan O. Bryson
Affiliation:
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
Christine E. Boxhorn
Affiliation:
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Opioid Epidemic
Origins, Current State and Potential Solutions
, pp. 1 - 46
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References and Further Reading

Anslinger, HJ, Tompkins, WF (1953). The Traffic in Narcotics. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.Google Scholar
Aristotle, , Physica Minora, 456B, 30; Historia Animalium I, 6276, 18.Google Scholar
Littré, E (1840–1849). On internal diseases. In Œuvres complètes d’ Hippocrate. Paris: J. B. Baillière, chapter 12.Google Scholar
Gabra, S (1956). Papaver species and opium through the ages. Bulletin de l’Institut d’Egypte 37(1): 3946.Google Scholar
Hall, HR (1928). The statues of Sennemut and Menkheperrē‘Senb in the British Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 14(1): 12.Google Scholar
Phillips, J (2013). Drugs: Colonial drug-taking. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. December 5. https://teara.govt.nz/en/drugs/page-1Google Scholar
Terry, CE, Pellens, M (1928). The Opium Problem. New York: Committee on Drug Addictions, Bureau of Social Hygiene.Google Scholar

References and Further Reading

Altekruse, SF, Cosgrove, CM, Altekruse, WC, Jenkins, RA, Blanco, C (2020). Socioeconomic risk factors for fatal opioid overdoses in the United States: Findings from the Mortality Disparities in American Communities Study (MDAC). PLoS One 15(1): e0227966.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Chapman, A, Verdery, AM, Monnat, SM (2021). Opioid misuse and family structure: Changes and continuities in the role of marriage and children over two decades. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 222: 108668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffith, C, La France, B (2018). Socio-economic impact on opioid addiction susceptibility. Edelweiss Psychiatry Open Access 2: 13. https://edelweisspublications.com/articles/22/220/Socio-Economic-Impact-on-Opioid-Addiction-Susceptibility (accessed December 2, 2022).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasin, DS, O’Brien, CP, Auriacombe, M, et al. (2013). DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: Recommendations and rationale. American Journal of Psychiatry 170(8): 834851.Google Scholar
Mateu, G, Astals, M, Torrens, M (2005). Psychiatric comorbidity and opioid dependency disorders: From diagnosis to treatment [in Spanish]. Adicciones 17(Suppl. 2): 111122.Google Scholar
NIDA (2022). Drug use severity in adolescence affects substance use disorder risk in adulthood. Press Release, April 1. https://nida.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/2022/04/drug-use-severity-in-adolescence-affects-substance-use-disorder-risk-in-adulthoodGoogle Scholar
Ochoa-Mangado, E, Madoz-Gúrpide, A, Salvador, E (2008). Gender differences in the treatment of opioid dependency [in Spanish]. Drogas & Genero, Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría 36(4): 197204. www.drogasgenero.info/documento/ochoa-mangado-enriqueta-et-al-diferencias-genero-tratamiento-la-dependencia-opiaceosGoogle Scholar
Organization of American States, Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (2015). Report on drug use in the Americas. www.cicad.oas.org/oid/pubs/druguseamericas_eng_web.pdfGoogle Scholar
Partnership for a Drug-Free New Jersey (2021). The opioid epidemic and the impact of race. https://knockoutday.drugfreenj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/KOOAD_12_9_webinar.pdfGoogle Scholar
Rico, MA, Kraychete, DC, Iskandar, AJ, et al. (2016). Use of opioids in Latin America: The need of an evidence-based change. Pain Medicine 17: 704716.Google Scholar
Singh, GK, Kim, IE, Girmay, M, et al. (2019). Opioid epidemic in the United States: Empirical trends, and a literature review of social determinants and epidemiological, pain management, and treatment patterns. International Journal of Maternal and Child Health 8(2): 89100.Google Scholar
van Draanen, J, Tsang, C, Mitra, S, Karamouzian, M, Richardson, L (2020). Socioeconomic marginalization and opioid-related overdose: A systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 214: 108127.Google Scholar
van Staaden, MJ, Hall, FS, Huber, R (2018). The deep evolutionary roots of ‘addiction’. Journal of Mental Health and Clinical Psychology 2(3): 813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References and Further Reading

Altekruse, SF, Cosgrove, CM, Altekruse, WC, Jenkins, RA, Blanco, C (2020). Socioeconomic risk factors for fatal opioid overdoses in the United States: Findings from the Mortality Disparities in American Communities Study (MDAC). PLoS One 15(1): e0227966.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ASEAN (2007). Drug use and HIV in Asia: Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/206034/B1485.pdf?sequence=1Google Scholar
Chapman, A, Verdery, AM, Monnat, SM (2021). Opioid misuse and family structure: Changes and continuities in the role of marriage and children over two decades. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 222: 108668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaturvedi, HK, Mahanta, J, Bajpail, RC, Pandey, A (2013). Correlates of opium use: Retrospective analysis of a survey of tribal communities in Arunachal Pradesh, India. BMC Public Health 13: 325.Google Scholar
Degenhardt, L, Grebely, J, Stone, J, et al. (2019). Global patterns of opioid use and dependence: Harms to populations, interventions, and future action. Lancet 394: 15601579.Google Scholar
DV, Flores, LR, Torres, Torres-Vigil, I, et al. (2014). From “Kickeando las malias” (kicking the withdrawals) to “Staying clean”: The impact of cultural values on cessation of injection drug use in aging Mexican-American men. Substance Use & Misuse 49(8): 941954.Google Scholar
Friedman, J, Kim, D, Schneberk, T, et al. (2019). Assessment of racial/ethnic and income disparities in the prescription of opioids and other controlled medications in California. JAMA Internal Medicine 179(4): 469476.Google Scholar
Griffith, C, La France, B (2018). Socio-economic impact on opioid addiction susceptibility. Edelweiss Psychiatry Open Access 2: 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, K, Jordan, A (2018). The opioid crisis in Black communities. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 46(2): 404421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jutkowitz, JM, Spielmann, H, Koehler, U, Lohani, J, Pande, A (1997). Drug use in Nepal: The view from the street. Substance Use & Misuse 32(7–8): 9871004.Google Scholar
Liu, H, Li, J, Lu, Z, Liu, W, Zhang, Z (2010). Does Chinese culture influence psychosocial factors for heroin use among young adolescents in China? A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 10: 563.Google Scholar
Mallik, S, Starrelsa, JL, Shannon, C, Edwards, K, Nahvia, S (2021). “An undercover problem in the Muslim community”: A qualitative study of imams’ perspectives on substance use. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 123: 108224.Google Scholar
Ochoa-Mangado, E, Madoz-Gúrpide, A, Salvador, E (2008). Gender differences in the treatment of opioid dependency [in Spanish]. Drogas & Genero, Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría 36(4): 197204. www.drogasgenero.info/documento/ochoa-mangado-enriqueta-et-al-diferencias-genero-tratamiento-la-dependencia-opiaceos/Google Scholar
Parmar, A, Patil, V, Sarkar, S, Rao, R (2018). An observational study of treatment seeking users of natural opiates from India. Substance Use & Misuse 53(7): 11391145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Partnership for a Drug-free New Jersey (2021). The opioid epidemic and the impact of race. https://knockoutday.drugfreenj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/KOOAD_12_9_webinar.pdfGoogle Scholar
Payne, J (2007). Women drug users in North Cumbria: What influences initiation into heroin in this non-urban setting? Sociology of Health & Illness 29(5): 633655.Google Scholar
Rajkumar, RP (2021). What are the correlates of global variations in the prevalence of opioid use disorders? An analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2019. Cureus 13(10): e18758.Google Scholar
Singh, GK, Kim, IE, Girmay, M, et al. (2019). Opioid epidemic in the United States: Empirical trends, and a literature review of social determinants and epidemiological, pain management, and treatment patterns. International Journal of Maternal and Child Health 8(2): 89100.Google Scholar
Unger, JB, Ritt-Olson, A, Teran, L, Huang, T, Hoffman, BR, Palmer, P (2002). Cultural values and substance use in a multiethnic sample of California adolescents. Addiction Research & Theory 10(3): 257279.Google Scholar
van Draanen, J, Tsang, C, Mitra, S, Karamouzian, M, Richardson, L (2020). Socioeconomic marginalization and opioid-related overdose: A systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 214: 108127.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2010). ATLAS on substance use: Resources for the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241500616Google Scholar
Zarghami, M (2015). Iranian common attitude toward opium consumption. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 9(2): e2074.Google Scholar

References and Further Reading

Alawa, J, Muhammad, M, Kazemitabar, M, et al. (2022). Medication for opioid use disorder in the Arab World: A systematic review. International Journal of Drug Policy 102: 103617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bridge, J, Ane, M-G (2017). Drug laws in West Africa: A review and summary. West Africa Commission on Drugs (WACD) and the International Drug Policy Consortium (IDPC) briefing paper, November 2017. https://idpc.net/publications/2017/11/drug-laws-in-west-africa-a-review-and-summaryGoogle Scholar
Carson, EA, Anderson, E (2016). Prisoners in 2015. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/p15.pdfGoogle Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011). Vital signs: Overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers – United States, 1999–2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 60(43): 14871492.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (n.d.). Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER). https://wonder.cdc.govGoogle Scholar
Drug Enforcement Administration (2019). National drug threat assessment. Drug Enforcement Administration Strategic Intelligence Section, U.S. Department of Justice. www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-01/2019-NDTA-final-01-14-2020_Low_Web-DIR-007-20_2019.pdfGoogle Scholar
Eligh, J (2019). The evolution of illicit drug markets and drug policy in Africa. ENACT Observer, June 30. https://enactafrica.org/research/continental-reports/the-evolution-of-illicit-drug-markets-and-drug-policy-in-africaGoogle Scholar
Felbab-Brown, V, Trinkunas, H, Barakat, S (2016). Breaking bad in the Middle East and North Africa: Drugs, militants and human rights. www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2016/03/22/breaking-bad-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa-drugs-militants-and-human-rightsGoogle Scholar
Gladden, RM, Martinez, P, Seth, P (2016). Fentanyl law enforcement submissions and increases in synthetic opioid-involved overdose deaths: 27 states, 2013–2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 65: 837843.Google Scholar
Gladden, RM, O’Donnell, J, Mattson, C, Seth, P (2019). Changes in opioid-involved overdose deaths by opioid type and presence of benzodiazepines, cocaine, and methamphetamine – 25 states, July–December 2017 to January–June 2018. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 68(34): 737744.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
James, N (2016). The federal prison population buildup: Options for congress, May 20, 2016. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R42937.pdfGoogle Scholar
Kariisa, M, Scholl, L, Wilson, N, Seth, P, Hoots, B (2019). Drug overdose deaths involving cocaine and psychostimulants with abuse potential: United States, 2003–2017. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 68(17): 4143.Google Scholar
National Institute on Drug Abuse (n.d.). Drug overdose death rates. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates (accessed December 2, 2022)Google Scholar
O’Donnell, JK, Gladden, RM, Seth, P (2017a). Trends in deaths involving heroin and synthetic opioids excluding methadone, and law enforcement drug product reports, by census region: United States, 2006–2015.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 66: 897903.Google Scholar
O’Donnell, JK, Halpin, J, Mattson, CL, Goldberger, BA, Gladden, RM (2017b). Deaths involving fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, and U-47700: 10 states, July–December 2016. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 60: 14871492.Google Scholar
Paulozzi, LJ, Jones, CM, Mack, KA, Rudd, RA (2011).Vital signs: Overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers: United States, 1999–2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 66: 11971202.Google Scholar
Pew Charitable Trusts (2018). More imprisonment does not reduce state drug problems, a brief from the Pew Charitable Trusts. www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/assets/2018/03/pspp_more_imprisonment_does_not_reduce_state_drug_problems.pdfGoogle Scholar
RAND Corporation (1993). Comparing Western European and North American drug policies, an international conference report. www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR237.htmlGoogle Scholar
Rudd, RA, Paulozzi, LJ, Bauer, MJ, et al. (2014). Increases in heroin overdose deaths: 28 states, 2010 to 2012. The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 63(39): 849.Google Scholar
Reuter, P, Mathea, F, MacCoun, R (1993). Comparing Western European and North American Drug Policies: An International Conference Report. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.Google Scholar
Snell, TL (1995). Correctional Populations in the United States, 1993, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/correctional-populations-united-states-1993Google Scholar
University of Albany, Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 2003, Table 6.57. www.albany.edu/sourcebook/pdf/t657.pdfGoogle Scholar
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2017). HHS acting secretary declares public health emergency to address national opioid crisis. https://public3.pagefreezer.com/browse/HHS.gov/31-12-2020T08:51/https:/www.hhs.gov/about/news/2017/10/26/hhs-acting-secretary-declares-public-health-emergency-address-national-opioid-crisis.htmlGoogle Scholar
U.S. Department of Justice (2016). United States Department of Justice report on prisoners in 2015. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/p15.pdfGoogle Scholar
Westermeyer, J (1976). The pro-heroin effects of anti-opium laws in Asia. Archives of General Psychiatry 33: 11351139.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×