3 - Reading and other specific learning difficulties

Summary

Background

Interest in following children with specific learning difficulties (SLD) into adulthood has increased considerably over the past decade (e.g. Patton & Polloway, 1992). Researchers are increasingly asking how children with SLD perform in secondary school, whether they enter and/ or graduate from post secondary programmes and how they fare in the adult working and social worlds. An important consideration when examining the characteristics of adults with SLD concerns the unique demands and problems that arise in adulthood because of increased vocational, relationship and independence demands that were not as prominent during childhood.

In addition to differences between childhood and adult environments, the population with SLD is itself extremely diverse. For example, adults with SLD vary greatly in severity and types of processing deficits, reflecting both individual strengths and weaknesses as well as the underlying aetiology of their various forms of SLD. Additionally, wide variation in cognitive ability, language skills, cultural backgrounds and personality characteristics will effect outcome in adulthood. Given this variability, it would be a mistake to assume that outcome within any domain can be uniformly predicted. This variability has implications for interpreting the findings of most studies examining outcomes in adults with SLD. Many studies combine different subgroups of individuals together, regardless of the specific type of SLD they show (e.g. Sitlington & Frank, 1990; Levine & Edgar, 1995; Blackorby & Wagner 1996). This is to ensure sample sizes large enough to make meaningful comparisons.