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3 - Parental psychiatric disorder and the developing child

from Part I - Basic issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2009

By
Alyson Hall
Edited by
Michael Göpfert ,
Jeni Webster  and
Mary V. Seeman
Alyson Hall
Affiliation:
Tower Hamlets, London, UK
Michael Göpfert
Affiliation:
Webb House Democratic Therapeutic Community, Crewe
Jeni Webster
Affiliation:
5 Boroughs Partnership, Warrington
Mary V. Seeman
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
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Summary

This chapter reviews how mental illness affects parenting and influences the development of children. Topics covered in the chapter include abuse and neglect, the effects of separation and the risk of mental health problems in children.

Large numbers of children grow up with a mentally ill parent. A study of parental psychiatric histories of 850 twin pairs in Virginia found that only 26% of families had no lifetime history of psychiatric disorder in either parent (Foley et al., 2001). Short-lived depression is the most frequently found mental illness in parents (see Puckering, Chapter 12). Relatively few children live with parents who are psychotic but many parents suffer from persistent problems such as personality disorder, alcoholism, learning difficulties or chronic depression.

The children of mentally ill parents have a substantially increased risk of childhood psychiatric disorder (Hare & Shaw, 1965; Richman et al., 1982; Rutter & Quinton, 1984; Simonoff et al., 1997).

Childhood disorder

Rutter & Quinton (1984) found that, over a 4-year period, a third of the offspring of consecutive new psychiatric cases exhibited a persistent disorder, a third had transient psychiatric difficulties and a third showed no emotional or behavioural disturbance. Controls from the same area showed comparable rates of transient disturbance but half the rate of persistent disturbance, such as conduct disorder.

In this inner London population, Rutter & Quinton (1984) identified risk factors associated with childhood disorder, all of which were more common among those whose parents had a psychiatric disorder: single parenthood (twice as common), separation, divorce, current marital discord (39 vs. vs. 8%), admission to care, parental criminality, large family size, overcrowding and an unskilled or semiskilled breadwinner.

Keywords

child psychiatrydevelopmental assessment of childrenfamiliesparental psychiatric disorderrisk of mental health problemsVirginia twinstudy
Type
Chapter
Information
Parental Psychiatric Disorder
Distressed Parents and their Families
 , pp. 22 - 49
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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