Book contents
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The maternal and placental origins of chronic disease
- 3 Pre- and periconceptual health and the HPA axis
- 4 Nutrition and preimplantation development
- 5 Maternofetal transport pathways during embryogenesis and organogenesis
- 6 Imprinted genes and placental growth
- 7 Genomic imprinting
- 8 Trophoblast invasion and uterine artery remodelling in primates
- 9 The role of the maternal immune response in fetal programming
- 10 Clinical causes and aspects of placental insufficiency
- 11 Uterine blood flow as a determinant of fetoplacental development
- 12 Placental amino acid transporters
- 13 The maternal circulation and placental shape
- 14 Glucocorticoids and placental programming
- 15 Clinical biomarkers of placental development
- 16 The placental roots of cardiovascular disease
- 17 Placental function and later risk of osteoporosis
- 18 Final general discussion
- 19 The placenta and developmental programming
- Index
5 - Maternofetal transport pathways during embryogenesis and organogenesis
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2011
Book contents
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The maternal and placental origins of chronic disease
- 3 Pre- and periconceptual health and the HPA axis
- 4 Nutrition and preimplantation development
- 5 Maternofetal transport pathways during embryogenesis and organogenesis
- 6 Imprinted genes and placental growth
- 7 Genomic imprinting
- 8 Trophoblast invasion and uterine artery remodelling in primates
- 9 The role of the maternal immune response in fetal programming
- 10 Clinical causes and aspects of placental insufficiency
- 11 Uterine blood flow as a determinant of fetoplacental development
- 12 Placental amino acid transporters
- 13 The maternal circulation and placental shape
- 14 Glucocorticoids and placental programming
- 15 Clinical biomarkers of placental development
- 16 The placental roots of cardiovascular disease
- 17 Placental function and later risk of osteoporosis
- 18 Final general discussion
- 19 The placenta and developmental programming
- Index
Summary
This chapter reviews the key roles of the different layers of the maternofetal interface in supplying essential nutrients to the developing fetus before the placental circulations are fully established. Focal trophoblastic oxidative damage and progressive villous degeneration trigger the formation of the fetal membranes that remodel the uteroplacental interface. The distribution of the placental-specific protein human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in yolk sac and coelomic fluid samples, and the absence of hCG mRNA expression in yolk sac tissue, suggests the secondary yolk sac (SYS) has an absorptive function. During the 10th week of gestation, the yolk sac starts to degenerate and rapidly ceases to function. The anatomy of the materno-fetal interface in the first trimester is the result of the need for a delicate balance between the metabolic requirements of the developing fetus and the potential harmful effects of oxygen during embryogenesis and organogenesis.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming , pp. 47 - 56Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010