Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T17:42:47.516Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 15 - Processing Surgically Retrieved Sperm in the IVF Laboratory

from Section 3 - Gametes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2023

By
Amy E. T. Sparks
Edited by
Markus H. M. Montag  and
Dean E. Morbeck
Markus H. M. Montag
Affiliation:
ilabcomm GmbH, St Augustin, Germany
Dean E. Morbeck
Affiliation:
Kindbody Inc, New York City
Get access

Summary

Infertility due to azoospermia may be overcome by surgically retrieving sperm from the epididymis or testicle followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo transfer. The nature of the azoospermia (obstructive (OA) versus non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)), the surgical approach (percutaneous versus open) and the timing of the sperm retrieval relative to oocyte retrieval for IVF/ICSI (fresh versus frozen sperm) contribute to the success of sperm retrieval and the number of viable sperm that will be available for the IVF/ICSI procedure. The goal of the surgical team should be to maximize the recovery of mature, viable sperm for ICSI while minimizing patient risk and cost. The laboratory processing the samples must minimize post-recovery cell damage, preserve sample sterility and strive to optimize the efficiency of the surgery when possible by cryopreserving excess sperm for future IVF/ICSI procedures. Lastly, these teams must work together to optimize the ease of surgery coordination with the IVF procedure. The relevant procedures for sperm preparation from epidymal aspirates or testicular biopsies will be described in this chapter.

Keywords

spermtesticular spermTESETESAPESA
Type
Chapter
Information
Principles of IVF Laboratory Practice
Laboratory Set-Up, Training and Daily Operation
 , pp. 114 - 120
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Palermo, G., Joris, H., Devroey, P. and van Steirteghem, A. C. Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic sperm injection of single spermatozoan into an oocyte. Lancet 1992; 340:17–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craft, I., Twirigotis, M., Bennett, V., et al. Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the management of infertility due to obstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril 1995; 63:1038–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devroey, P., Liu, J., Nagy, Z. P., et al. Pregnancies after testicular extraction (TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in non-obstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod 1995; 10:1457–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachtell, N. E., Conaghan, J. and Turek, P. J. The relative viability of human spermatozoa from the vas deferens, epidydmis and testis before and after cryopreservation. Hum Reprod 1999; 14(12):3048–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagy, Z. P., Joris, H., Verheyen, G., Devroey, P. and Van Steirteghem, A. C. Correlation between motility of testicular spermatozoa, testicular histology and the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 1998; 13:890–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, Y.-S., Lee, S.-H., Sang, J. S., et al. Influence of motility on the outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection with fresh vs. frozen testicular sperm from men with obstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril 2003; 80:526–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohlander, S., Hotaling, J., Kirshenbaum, E., Niederberger, C. and Eisenberg, M. L. Impact of fresh versus cryopreserved testicular sperm upon intracytoplasmic sperm injection pregnancy outcomes in men with azoospermia due to spermatogenic dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:344–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karacan, M., Alwaeely, F., Erkan, S., et al. Outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles with fresh testicular spermatozoa obtained on the day of or the day before oocyte collection and with cryopreserved testicular sperm in patients with azoospermia. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:975–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ord, T., Marello, E., Patrizio, P., et al. The role of the laboratory in the handling of epididymal sperm for assisted reproductive technologies. Fertil Steril 1992; 57:1103–6.Google Scholar
Craft, I. and Tsirigotis, M. Simplified recovery, preparation and cryopreservation of testicular spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 1995; 10:1923–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramasamy, R., Reifsnyder, J. E., Bryson, C., et al. Role of tissue digestion and extensive sperm search after microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Fertil Steril 2011; 96(2):299–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagy, Z. P., Verheyen, G., Tournaye, H., Devroey, P. and Van Steirteghem, A. C. An improved treatment procedure for testicular biopsy specimens offers more efficient sperm recovery: case series. Fertil Steril 1997; 376–9.Google Scholar
Esteves, S. C. and Verza, S. Jr. PESA/ TESA/TESE sperm processing, in Practical Manual of In Vitro Fertilization: Advanced Methods and Novel Devices, ed. Nagy, Z. P., Varghese, A. C. and Agarwal, A. (pp. 207–20) (Berlin: Springer Science + Business Media, 2012).Google Scholar
Popal, W. and Nagy, Z. P. Laboratory processing and intracytoplasmic sperm injection using epididymal and testicular spermatozoa: what can be done to improve outcomes? Clinics 2013; 68(S1):125–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muller, C. H. and Pagel, E. R. Recovery, isolation, identification, and preparation of spermatozoa from human testis, in Spermatogenesis: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology 927), ed. Carrell, D. T. and Ashton, K. I. (pp. 227–40) (Berlin: Springer Science + Business Media, 2013).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×