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Chapter 4 - Ethics, Virtue and Theurgy

On Being a Good Person in Late-Neoplatonic Philosophy

from Part I - Ethics across the Late-antique and Byzantine Period

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2021

Sophia Xenophontos
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow
Anna Marmodoro
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
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Summary

In this essay I argue that there is an Iamblichean and Neoplatonic theory of ethics. By examining the seven grades of virtue recognised by Iamblichus, I show that there is associated with each grade a specific kind of cognition or knowledge. The hierarchy of kinds of knowledge is parallel not only to the grades of virtue but also to the various stages of the soul’s theurgical ascent. The higher that we ascend in the ritual, the better and more secure the knowledge we possess. Examining and interpreting a series of passages in book V of the De mysteriis, I argue that Iamblichus associates various classes of humanity with the grades of virtue and the kinds of knowledge that they possess. Putting these various criteria together, I show that Iamblichus believed that all humanity at all levels has a kind of virtue and that the philosopher-theurgists themselves have a duty to descend with their higher knowledge and work for the benefit of all humanity.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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