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Chapter 15 - Peripheral Artery Disease

from Section III - Care of the Elderly by Organ System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2022

By
Rachelle Hamadi  and
Casey N. Rust
Edited by
Jan Busby-Whitehead ,
Samuel C. Durso ,
Christine Arenson ,
Rebecca Elon ,
Mary H. Palmer  and
William Reichel
Jan Busby-Whitehead
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Samuel C. Durso
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland
Christine Arenson
Affiliation:
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
Rebecca Elon
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Mary H. Palmer
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
William Reichel
Affiliation:
Georgetown University Medical Center
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Summary

This chapter gives an overview of the pathophysiology, prevalence, risk factors, and symptoms of peripheral artery disease (PAD). The subsequent screening, diagnosis, and management of PAD are further elucidated. The chapter specifically emphasizes the prevalence of PAD in the elderly and the impact of disease. PAD results from the obstruction of peripheral arteries, leading to a reduction in blood flow to the extremities. PAD may be asymptomatic or lead to a variety of symptoms including claudication, chronic skin discoloration, hair loss, non-healing ulcers, and infections. PAD prevalence increases with increasing age, thus elderly patients should be routinely evaluated for symptoms of extremity pain and non-healing wounds. An ankle-brachial index (ABI) of less than 0.9 is diagnostic for PAD. Treatments for PAD may include the management of medical comorbidities, exercise, smoking cessation, medications such as antiplatelets and vasodilators, and surgical interventions. Early intervention can prevent limb ischemia and ultimately limb loss.

Keywords

peripheral artery diseaseatherosclerosisclaudicationankle-brachial indexlimb ischemia
Type
Chapter
Information
Reichel's Care of the Elderly
Clinical Aspects of Aging
 , pp. 180 - 188
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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