Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T01:29:09.264Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - Case Studies on Urban Planning in African Countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2023

Patrick Brandful Cobbinah
Affiliation:
University of Melbourne
Eric Gaisie
Affiliation:
University of Melbourne
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Acheampong, R. A., & Ibrahim, A. (2016). One nation, two planning systems? Spatial planning and multi-level policy integration in Ghana: Mechanisms, challenges and the way forward. Urban Forum, 27(1), 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acheampong, R. A., & Siiba, A. (2018). Examining the determinants of utility bicycling using a socio-ecological framework: An exploratory study of the Tamale Metropolis in Northern Ghana. Journal of Transport Geography, 69, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adarkwa, K. K. (2012). The changing face of Ghanaian towns. African Review of Economics and Finance, 4(1), 129.Google Scholar
Agyemang, F. S. K., & Morrison, N. (2018). Recognising the barriers to securing affordable housing through the land use planning system in sub-Saharan Africa: A perspective from Ghana. Urban Studies, 55(12), 26402659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agyemang, F. S. K., Amedzro, K., & Silva, E. (2017). The emergence of city-regions and their implications for contemporary spatial governance: Evidence from Ghana. Cities, 7, 7079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, J. E., Jenkins, P., & Nielsen, M. (2015). Who plans the African city? A case study of Maputo: Part 1 – the structural context. International Development Planning Review, 37(3), 424444.Google Scholar
Arku, G., Mensah, K. O., Allotey, N. K., & Addo Frempong, E. (2016). Non-compliance with building permit regulations in Accra-Tema city-region, Ghana: Exploring the reasons from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. Planning Theory and Practice, 17(3), 361384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asabere, S. B., Acheampong, R. A., Ashiagbor, G., Beckers, S. C., Keck, M., Erasmi, S., ... & Sauer, D (2020). Urbanization, land use transformation and spatio-environmental impacts: Analyses of trends and implications in major metropolitan regions of Ghana. Land Use Policy, 96(104707), 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asiedu, A. B., & Arku, G. (2009). The rise of gated housing estates in Ghana: Empirical insights from three communities in metropolitan Accra. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 24(3), 227247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Attride-Stirling, J. (2001). Thematic networks: An analytic tool for qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 1(3), 385405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baffour Awuah, K. G., Hammond, F. B., Lamond, J. E., & Booth, C. (2014). Benefits of urban land use planning in Ghana. Geoforum, 51, 3746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandauko, E., Arku, G., & Nyantakyi-Frimpong, H. (2021). A systematic review of gated communities and the challenge of urban transformation in African cities. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 37, 339368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blakely, E. J., & Snyder, M. G. (1997). Fortress America: Gated communities in the United States. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Blandy, S., & Lister, D. (2005). Gated communities: (Ne)gating community development? Housing Studies, 20(2), 287301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boamah, N. A., Gyimah, C., & Bediako Nelson, J. K. (2012). Challenges to the enforcement of development controls in the Wa municipality. Habitat International, 36(1), 136142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cities Alliance (2007). Liveable cities: The benefits of urban and environmental planning. Washington, DC: Cities Alliance.Google Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B. (2017). Managing cities and resolving conflicts: Local people’s attitudes towards urban planning in Kumasi, Ghana. Land Use Policy, 68, 222231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B., & Darkwah, R. M. (2017). Urban planning and politics in Ghana. GeoJournal, 82(6), 12291245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B., & Korah, P. I. (2016). Religion gnaws urban planning: the geography of places of worship in Kumasi, Ghana. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 8(2), 93109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B. et al. (2019). Urban planning and climate change in Ghana. Journal of Urban Management, 8(2), 261271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Côté-Roy, L., & Moser, S. (2019). Does Africa not deserve shiny new cities? The power of seductive rhetoric around new cities in Africa. Urban Studies, 56(12), 23912407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cullingworth, B. & Nadin, V. (2006). Town and country planning in the UK (14th ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtis, C., & Scheurer, J. (2010). Planning for sustainable accessibility: Developing tools to aid discussion and decision-making. Progress in Planning, 74(2), 53106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diko, S. K. (2023). Urban green space planning in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana: A prioritization conundrum and its co-benefits solution. Socio-Ecological Practice Research, 5(1), 4962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, T. J., & Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2021). How can we plan for urban futures beyond COVID-19? www.transformingsociety.co.uk/2021/06/10/how-can-we-plan-for-urban-futures-beyond-covid-19/Google Scholar
Dowling, R., Atkinson, R., & Mcguirk, P. (2010). Privatism, privatisation and social distinction in master-planned residential estates. Urban Policy and Research, 28(4), 391410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Duren, N. R. L. (2006). Planning à la carte: The location patterns of gated communities around Buenos Aires in a decentralized planning context. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30(2), 308327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Duren, N. R. L. (2007). Gated communities as a municipal development strategy. Housing Policy Debate, 18(3), 607626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehwi, R. J. (2020). The proliferation of gated communities in Ghana: A new institutionalism perspective. PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Ehwi, R. J. (2021). Walls within walls: Examining the variegated purposes for walling in Ghanaian gated communities. Housing Studies, 39(2), 125.Google Scholar
Ehwi, R. J. (2022). Modelling the supply-side factors influencing the provision of amenities in gated communities: The case of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area in Ghana. Journal of Urban Affairs, 2022, 131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehwi, R. J., & Morrison, N. (2023). Entanglements in urban governance in new African cities: Appolonia City in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Journal of Urban Affairs, 45(3), 407427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehwi, R. J, Holmes, H., Maslova, S., & Burgess, G. (2022). The ethical underpinnings of smart city governance: Decision-making in the Smart Cambridge programme, UK. Urban Studies, 59(14), 29682984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehwi, R. J., Morrison, N., & Tyler, P. (2019). Ghana’s land administration challenges and the proliferation of gated communities: Re-appraising reasons people move into gated communities. Housing Studies, 36(3), 307335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fält, L. (2019). New cities and the emergence of ‘privatized urbanism’ in Ghana. Built Environment, 44(4), 438460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuseini, I., & Kemp, J. (2015). A review of spatial planning in Ghana’s socio-economic development trajectory: A sustainable development perspective. Land Use Policy, 47(May), 309320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghana Institute of Engineers (2016). Ghana Infrastructure Report Card 2016: Roads & bridges, electric power & potable water. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27160.70409CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giroir, G. (2007). The Purple Jade Villa (Beijing): A golden ghetto in Red China. In Glasze, G., Webster, C. J. & Frantz, K. (eds.), Private cities: Global and local perspectives (pp. 139150). London: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Gooch, D., Wolff, A., Kortuem, G., & Brown, R. (2015). Reimagining the role of citizens in smart city projects. In 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers. New York, September, 15871594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2800835.2801622Google Scholar
Government of Ghana (2015). Ghana national spatial development framework (2015–2035). Accra-Ghana.Google Scholar
Government of Ghana (2021). 2021 Population and Housing Census, Ghana Statistical Service. Accra-Ghana. Ghana Statistical Service.Google Scholar
Grant, J. L. (2005a). Planning responses to gated communities in Canada. Housing Studies, 20(2), 273285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, J., & Mittelsteadt, L. (2004). Types of gated communities. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(6), 913930.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, R. (2005b). The emergence of gated communities in a West African context: Evidence from Greater Accra, Ghana. Urban Geography, 26(8), 661683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, R. (2015). Sustainable African urban futures: Stocktaking and critical reflection on proposed urban projects. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(3), 294310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, R., & Yankson, P. (2003). City profile Accra. Cities, 20(1), 6574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, P. A., & Taylor, R. C. (1998). The potential of historical institutionalism. Political Studies, 46, 957962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammah, N. K. (2015). Streamlining of building permit approval processing of town and country planning department in Ghana. Cogent Social Sciences, 1(1), 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Healey, P. (1999). Institutionalist analysis, communicative planning, and shaping places. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 19(2), 111121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Healey, P. (2003). Collaborative planning in perspective. Planning Theory, 2(2), 101123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helmke, G., & Levitsky, S. (2004). Informal institutions and comparative politics: a research agenda. International Handbook on Informal Governance, 2(4), 85113.Google Scholar
Hendrikx, M., & Wissink, B. (2017). Bienvenue au club! Une étude exploratrice de l’accessibilité aux services dans les cités résidentielles fermées de Guangzhou, en Chine. Social and Cultural Geography, 18(3), 371394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karvonen, A., Cook, M., & Haarstad, H. (2020). Urban planning and the smart city: Projects, practices and politics. Urban Planning, 5(1), 6568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenna, T., & Stevenson, D. (2013). Experiences of ‘community’ in a gated residential estate. Geographical Research, 51(4), 412423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kostenwein, D. (2021). Between walls and fences: How different types of gated communities shape the streets around them. Urban Studies, 58(16), 32303246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kufour, K. O. (2011). Gated communities in Ghana: A new institutional economics approach to regulation. In Home, R. (ed.), Africa land law (pp. 171186). Cape Town: ABC Press.Google Scholar
La Grange, A. (2014). Hong Kong’s gating machine. Housing Studies, 29(2), 251269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landman, K. (2004). Gated communities in South Africa: The challenge for spatial planning and land use management. Town Planning Review, 75(2), 151173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larbi, W. O. (1996). Spatial planning and urban fragmentation in Accra, Third World Planning Review, 18(2), 193214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemanski, C. (2006). Spaces of exclusivity or connection? Linkages between a gated community and its poorer neighbour in a Cape Town master plan development. Urban Studies, 43(2), 397420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, L., Wan, W. X., & He, S. (2021). The heightened ‘security zone’ function of gated communities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the changing housing market dynamic: Evidence from Beijing, China. Land, 10(9), 121.Google Scholar
Liao, K., Wehrhahn, R., & Breitung, W. (2018). Urban planners and the production of gated communities in China: A structure–agency approach. Urban Studies, 56(13), 26352653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowndes, V. (1996). Varieties of new institutionalism: A critical appraisal. Public Administration, 74(2), 181197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, T., Zhang, F., & Wu, F. (2019). The meaning of ‘private governance’ in urban China: Researching residents’ preferences and satisfaction. Urban Policy and Research, 37(3), 378392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, T., Zhang, F., & Wu, F. (2020). The variegated role of the state in different gated neighbourhoods in China. Urban Studies, 57(8), 16421659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mabogunje, A. L. (1990). Urban planning and the post-colonial state in Africa: A research overview. African Studies Review, 33(2), 121203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKenzie, E. (1994). Privatopia: Homeowner associations and the rise of residential private governance. Binghamton, NY: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
McKenzie, E. (2003). Common-interest housing in the communities of tomorrow. Housing Policy Debate, 14(1–2), 203234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKenzie, E. (2005). Constructing the Pomerium in Las Vegas: A case study of emerging trends in American gated communities. Housing Studies, 20(2), 187203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, E. A., & Banaszak-Holl, J. (2005). Cognitive and normative determinants of state policymaking behavior: Lessons from the sociological institutionalism. Publius, 35(2), 191216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mouratidis, K., & Yiannakou, A. (2022). COVID-19 and urban planning: Built environment, health, and well-being in Greek cities before and during the pandemic. Cities, 121(103491), 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nee, V., & Ingram, P. (1998). Embeddedness and beyond: Institutions, exchanges, and social structure. In Brinton, M. C. & Nee, V. (eds.), The new institutionalism in sociology (pp. 1945). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Njoh, A. J. (2009). Urban planning as a tool of power and social control in colonial Africa. Planning Perspectives, 24(3), 301317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Njoh, A. J. (2010). Europeans, modern urban planning and the acculturation of ‘racial others’. Planning Theory, 9(4), 369378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
North, D. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obeng-Odoom, F., Abdalla, Y., & Elhadary, E. (2014). Life within the wall and Implications for those outside it. Gated communities in Malaysia and Ghana. International Journal of Environment, Society and Space, 2(2), 19.Google Scholar
Olivier de Sardan, J.-P. (2015). Practical norms: informal regulations within public bureaucracies (in Africa and beyond). In De Herdt, T. & Olivier de Sardan, J.-P. (eds.), Real governance and practical norms in sub-Saharan Africa: The game of the rules. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Quarcoopome, S. S. (1992). Urbanisation, land alienation and politics in Accra, Research Review NS, 8(1&2), 4054.Google Scholar
Rakodi, C. (2001). Forget planning, put politics first? Priorities for urban management in developing countries. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 3(3), 209223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rakodi, C., & Leduka, C. (2004). Informal land delivery process and access to land for the poor: A comparative study of six African cities. International Development Department, University of Birmingham.Google Scholar
Rosen, G., & Razin, E. (2009). The rise of gated communities in Israel: Reflections on changing urban governance in a neo-liberal era. Urban Studies, 46(8), 17021722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rydin, Y. (1998). Urban and environmental planning in the UK. London: Macmillan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarpong, S. (2017). Building bridges or gates? Gated communities’ escape from reality. International Journal of Social Economics, 44(12), 5841596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troustine, J. (2018). Segregation by design: Local politics and the inequality in American cities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Noorloos, F., & Kloosterboer, M. (2018). Africa’s new cities: The contested future of urbanisation. Urban Studies, 55(6), 12231241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Noorloos, F., Avianto, D., & Opiyo, R. O. (2019). New master-planned cities and local land rights: The case of Konza Techno City, Kenya. Built Environment, 44(4), 420437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, V. (2009a). Seeing from the south: Refocusing urban planning on the globe’s central urban issues. Urban Studies, 46 (11), 22592275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, V. (2009b). ‘The planned city sweeps the poor away…’: Urban planning and 21st century urbanisation. Progress in Planning, 72(3), 151193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, C. (2001). Gated communities of tomorrow. Town Planning Review, 72(2), 149170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, O. E. (2000). The new institutional economics: Taking stock, looking ahead. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(3), 595613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, A., Tewdwr-Jones, M. & Comber, R. (2019). Urban planning, public participation and digital technology: App development as a method of generating citizen involvement in local planning processes. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 46(2), 286302.Google Scholar
World Bank (2012). A sourcebook of pollution management policy tools for growth and competitiveness. Washington, DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Yeboah, E. & Obeng-Odoom, F. (2010). ‘We are not the only ones to blame’: District assemblies’ perspectives on the state of planning in Ghana. Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, 1996(7), 7898.Google Scholar

References

Brody, S. D., & Highfield, W. E. (2005). Does planning work? Testing the implementation of local environmental planning in Florida. Journal of the American Planning Association, 71, 159175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chigara, B., Magwaro-Ndiweni, L., Mudzengerere, F. H., & Ncube, A. B. (2013). An analysis of the effects of piecemeal planning on development of small urban centres in Zimbabwe: Case study of Plumtree. International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research, 2(4), 23194421.Google Scholar
Chigudu, A. (2021a). Influence of colonial planning legislation on spatial development in Zimbabwe and Zambia. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 147(1), 04020057CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chigudu, A. (2021b). The changing institutional and legislative planning framework of Zambia and Zimbabwe: Nuances for urban development. Land Use Policy, 100, 104941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chigwenya, A., & Mudzengerere, F. H. (2013). The small and medium enterprises policy in Zimbabwe: A narrative of strides taken to mainstream the informal sector activities in urban local authorities in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Politics and Good Governance, 4(4), 118.Google Scholar
Chipungu, L., & Magidimisha, H. H. (2020). Housing in the aftermath of the fast track land reform programme in Zimbabwe. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chirisa, I. (2009). Prospects for the asset-based community development approach in Epworth and Ruwa, Zimbabwe: A housing and environmental perspective. African Journal of History and Culture, 1(2), 2835.Google Scholar
Chirisa, I., & Dumba, S. (2012). Spatial planning, legislation and the historical and contemporary challenges in Zimbabwe: A conjectural approach. Journal of African Studies and Development. 4(1), 113.Google Scholar
Cities Alliance (2012). Cities without borders: Guiding urbanisation in Africa for economic development and poverty reduction. Pretoria: Cities Alliance.Google Scholar
Colenutt, B. (1997). Environmental planning for sustainable development. In Bowlers, A. & Evans, B. (eds.), Town planning into the 21st century. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
CSO (2004). Census 2002 national report. Central Statistical Office. Harare: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Feremenga, D. T. (2005). Urban planning and development in Zimbabwe. In Salm, S. J. & Falola, T. (eds.), African urban spaces in historical perspective. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.Google Scholar
Infrastructure and Cities for Economic Development (ICED) (2017). Briefing: Zimbabwe’s changing urban landscape: Evidence and insights on Zimbabwe’s urban trends. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/59521681e5274a0a5900004a/ICED_Evidence_Brief_-_Zimbabwe_Urban_Trends_-_Final.pdfGoogle Scholar
Innes, J., & Booher, D. (2010). Planning with complexity: An introduction to collaborative rationality for public policy. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamete, A. Y. (2007). Cold-hearted, negligent and spineless? Planning, planners and the (r)ejection of ‘filth’ in urban Zimbabwe. International Planning Studies, 12(2), 153171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamete, A. Y. (2009). In the service of tyranny: Debating the role of planning in Zimbabwe’s urban ‘clean-up’ operation. Urban Studies, 46(4), 897922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loh, C. G. (2011). Assessing and interpreting nonconformance in land-use planning implementation. Planning Practice & Research, 26(3), 271287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mabaso, A., Shekede, M. D., Chirisa, I., Zanamwe, L., Gwitira, I., & Bandauko, E. (2015). Urban physical development and master planning in Zimbabwe: An assessment of conformance in the City of Mutare. Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1 & 2), 7288.Google Scholar
Machakaire, D. G. (2015). Transformation of urban planning practices using geo-spatial technology in managing rapid urbanisation in Harare: Zimbabwe. MSc thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology.Google Scholar
Matamanda, A. R., & Chinozvina, Q. L. (2020). Driving forces of citizen participation in urban development practice in Harare, Zimbabwe. Land Use Policy, 99, 105090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matamanda, A. R., Chirisa, I., Leboto, L., Dunn, M., & Kwangwama, A. N. (2021). The planning profession questioned: Evidence from the role and practice of planners in Zimbabwe. Journal of Planning Education and Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X211028295CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matamanda, A. R., Chirisa, I., Dzvimbo, M. A., & Chinozvina, Q. (2020). The political economy of Zimbabwean urban informality since 2000 – A contemporary governance dilemma. Development Southern Africa, 37(4), 694707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mbiba, B. (2019). Planning scholarship and the fetish about planning in Southern Africa: The case of Zimbabwe’s Operation Murambatsvina. International Planning Studies, 24(2), 97109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGregor, J., & Chatiza, K. (2020). Partisan citizenship and its discontents: Precarious possession and political agency on Harare City’s expanding margins. Citizenship Studies, 24(1), 1739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muchadenyika, D. (2020). Seeking urban transformation: Alternative urban futures in Zimbabwe. Harare: Weaver Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muchadenyika, D., & Williams, J. J. (2016). Politics and the practice of planning: The case of Zimbabwean cities. Cities, 63, 3340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munzwa, K., & Wellington, J. (2010). Urban development in Zimbabwe: A human settlement perspective. Theoretical and Empirical Researchers in Urban Management, 5(14), 120146.Google Scholar
Nel, V., Matamanda, A. R., & Chirisa, I. (2021). Social justice in spatial governance. In Matamanda, A. R., Nel, V. & Chirisa, I. (eds.), Urban geography in postcolonial Zimbabwe: The paradigms and perspectives for sustainable urban planning and governance (pp. 1735). Cham: Springer Nature.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potts, D. (2006). City life in Zimbabwe at a time of fear and loathing: Urban planning, urban poverty, and Operation Murambatsvina. In Cities in contemporary Africa (pp. 265288). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saint, L. (2012). Reading subjects: Passbooks, literature and apartheid. Social Dynamics, 38(1), 117133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scoones, I., & Murimbarimba, F. (2021). Small towns and land reform in Zimbabwe. European Journal of Development Research, 33(6), 20402062.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toriro, P. (2021). Plan preparation and review as tools for developing urban resilience in Zimbabwe: Conflicts and possibilities. Journal of Urban Systems and Innovations for Resilience in Zimbabwe-JUSIRZ, 3(1), 132149.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2009). Planning sustainable cities. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Wekwete, K. (1987). Growth center policy in Zimbabwe: A focus on district centers. Occasional paper. Harare: University of Zimbabwe.Google Scholar
Wekwete, K. H. (1988). Development of urban planning in Zimbabwe: An overview. Cities, 5(1), 5771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wekwete, K. H. (1989a). Planning laws for urban and regional planning in Zimbabwe – An overview. Occasional paper. Harare: University of Zimbabwe.Google Scholar
Wekwete, K. H. (1989b). Physical planning in Zimbabwe: A review of the legislative, administrative and operational framework. Third World Planning Review, 11(1), 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ZIMSTAT (2012). Census 2012 national report. Harare: Government Printer.Google Scholar

Reference

Abayomi, M., & Omoyeni, J. A. (2018). Tackling the wicked problem of poverty in Nigeria: Strategies for state governments. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 43, 3946.Google Scholar
Adedokun, A. (2013). New towns development concept, success, or failure: A case study of Festac town, Lagos. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 3(4), 6781.Google Scholar
Adegoke, S., & Agbola, T. (2020). Housing affordability and the organized private sector housing in Nigeria. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8(4), 177192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adegoke, O., Akinbamide, S., & Agbola, T. (2020). Housing tenure choice and housing affordability in Nigeria: A comparative analysis of owners and renters of organized private sector housing. International Journal of Social Science Studies, 8, 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adeleye, B., Ayangbile, O., Popoola, A., & Ndana, M. (2018). Urban transformation: A changing phase of Minna Central Area, Nigeria. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 8(1), 2532.Google Scholar
Adelusi-Adeluyi, A. (2017). Imagine Lagos: Mapping a pre-colonial West African city. 28 March. https://globalurbanhistory.com/2017/03/28/imagine-lagos-mapping-a-pre-colonial-west-african-city/Google Scholar
Adeyeye, L. (2010). Understanding urban and regional planning law and administration in Nigeria. Ile-Ife: Timade Ventures.Google Scholar
African Planning Association (APA) (2013). The state of planning in Africa: An overview. Nairobi: UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
Agbola, S. B., & Falola, O. J. (2016). Planning law reforms in Africa: Case studies from Uganda, South Africa, and Nigeria. In Silva, C. N. (ed.), Governing urban Africa (pp. 125147). London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agbola, S. B., & Falola, O. J. (2018). In whose interest? Interrogating the conceptual dilemma of public interest and its application to physical planning. Journal of Public Administration, 53(1), 3951.Google Scholar
Agbola, T. (1985). Apprenticeship and manpower training strategy in Nigeria building industry. Quarterly Journal of the Local Self Government Institute, India , LVI(4222), 278287.Google Scholar
Agbola, T. (2003). The Nigerian urban development policy: If the past is prologue. Paper presented at the 34th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Urban Development Policy, held between 22 and 24 October 2003 at the Gateway Hotel, Abeokuta, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Agbola, T. (2005). The Nigerian urban development policy: If the past be prologue. Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners, XVII, 117.Google Scholar
Agbola, T. (2006). Production of local building materials: The challenges of and benefits to major participants in Nigerian local building materials industry. Journal of Estate Surveying Research, 1(1), 115.Google Scholar
Agbola, T. (2007). Physical planning in Nigeria since independence: A performance narrative. Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners, 20(1), 145169.Google Scholar
Alabi, A. M., & Omirin, O. J. (2021). Planning laws and the development of divided cities in dependent capitalist countries: A case of Nigeria. Paper delivered at the Caribbean Urban Forum 2021, Guyana, 17 June. https://hitresetcaribbean.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/CUF2021-Rapporteur-report-FINAL.pdfGoogle Scholar
Aluko, O. E. (2011). Urbanization and effective town planning in Nigeria. African Research Review, 5(2/19), 126139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arcila, C. (2007). Lessons learned from slum upgrading and prevention efforts in Turkey. Ankara: KTH Royal Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Ayangbile, O. (2015). Appraisal of physical development activities in Ajoda new town, Oyo state. Ibadan: Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan.Google Scholar
Ayo, E. (1988). Development planning in Nigeria. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.Google Scholar
Bigon, L. (2009). Urban planning, colonial doctrines and street naming in French Dakar and British Lagos, c. 1850–1930. Urban History, 36(3), 426448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bigon, L. (2012). A history of urban planning and infectious diseases: Colonial Senegal in the early twentieth century. Urban Studies Research, 2012, 589758. doi:10.1155/2012/589758CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bigon, L. (2016). Bubonic plague, colonial ideologies, and urban planning policies: Dakar, Lagos, and Kumasi. Planning Perspectives, 31(2), 205226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiaka, O. (2017). Roles and responsibilities of town planners in sustainable development of urban centres in Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Management and Safety, 8(2), 110.Google Scholar
Dung-Guom, J. (2011). Urban and regional planning in Nigeria today (1999 to 2011). Department of Geography and Planning, University of Jos, Nigeria. www.researchgate.net/publication/305653931_Urban_and_Regional_Planning_in_Nigeria_1999_to_2011Google Scholar
Egunjobi, L., Falola, O. J., & Olaniyan, O. (2019). Intellectual contributions of Professor Samuel Babatunde Agbola to teaching and research. In Alabi, M., Sanni, L. & Wahab, B. (eds.), Urban and regional planning in Nigeria: Essays in honour of Professor Samuel Babatunde Agbola. Ibadan: Joytal Printing Press.Google Scholar
Fainstein, S. S. (n.d.). Urban planning. www.britannica.com/topic/urban-planningGoogle Scholar
Fajemirokun, M. (2010). Policy and legal perspectives on actualizing the right to the city in Nigeria. In Sugranyes, A. & Mathivet, C. (eds.), Cities for all: Proposals and experiences towards the right to the city (pp. 267269). Santiago: Habitat International Coalition, HIC.Google Scholar
Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN) (2012). Land reform in Nigeria: Basic facts, Vol. II, The Presidency, Office of the Secretary to the Government of the Federation.Google Scholar
Home, R. (2013). Of planting and planning: The making of British colonial cities. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Home, R. (2019). From cantonments to townships: Lugard’s influence upon British colonial urban governance in Africa. Planning Perspectives, 34(1), 4364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Home, R., & Kabata, F. (2018). Turning fish soup back into fish: The wicked problem of African community land rights. Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy, 9(2), 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ifesanya, A. (n.d.). Comparative assessment of the Town and Country Planning Ordinance (Cap 155) of 1946 and the Nigerian Urban and Regional Planning Decree (No. 88) of 1992 as a basis for the evaluation of the contemporary planning law in Nigeria. www.globalacademicgroup.com/journals/the%20nigerian%20academic%20forum/Ifesanya%205.pdfGoogle Scholar
Junaid, A. M., Olurin, T. A., & Abdulraheem, M. O. (2019). The evolution and pedagogy of urban planning education. In Alabi, M., Sanni, L. & Wahab, B. (eds.), Urban and regional planning in Nigeria: Essays in honour of Professor Samuel Babatunde Agbola (pp. 1734). Ibadan: Joytal Printing Press.Google Scholar
Lai, L., & Davies, S. (2020). Surveying was a kind of writing on the land: The economics of land division as town planning. University of Hong Kong Planning Theory, 19(4), 421444.Google Scholar
Lasisi, M., Popoola, A., Adediji, A., Adedeji, O., & Babalola, K. (2017). City expansion and agricultural land loss within the peri-urban area of Osun State, Nigeria. Ghana Journal of Geography, 9(3), 132163.Google Scholar
Lawal, M. (2000). Estate development in Nigeria. Ile-Ife: ILCO Books and Publishers.Google Scholar
Mabogunje, A. L. (1968). Urbanization in Nigeria. London: University of London Press.Google Scholar
Mabogunje, A. L. (1970). Systems approach: A theory of rural–urban migration. Geographical Analysis, 2(1), 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mabogunje, A. L. (1995). The environmental challenges in sub-Saharan Africa. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 37(4), 410.Google ScholarPubMed
Mabogunje, A. L. (1999). Nothing profits more: Social knowledge and national development. In Reflection on 50 years of social science education in Nigeria. Abuja: Women Development Centre.Google Scholar
Mazzoleni, C. (2003). The concept of community in Italian town planning in the 1950s. Planning Perspectives, 18(3), 325342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niskanen, V. P., Rask, M., & Raisio, H. (2021). Wicked problems in Africa: A systematic literature review. Sage Open, 11(3), 21582440211032163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NITP (2014). The state of urban and regional planning in Nigeria. Abuja: Nigerian Institute of Town Planners.Google Scholar
Njoh, A. (2007). Planning power: Town planning and social control in colonial Africa. London: CRC Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NTIP (2016). Planning education in Nigeria: The past, present and future challenges. In Wahab, B. & Atebije, N. (eds.), N.I.T.P. at 50: Yesterday, today and the future (pp. 133152). Ibadan: Dee Joe Press.Google Scholar
Nwaka, G. I. (2005). The urban informal sector: Towards economic development, environmental health, and social harmony. Global Urban Development Magazine, 1(1), 111.Google Scholar
Oduwaye, L., & Olajide, O. (2012). Incorporating informality into urban and regional planning education curriculum in Nigeria. Town and Regional Planning, 2012(60), 3137.Google Scholar
Ogunjimi, S. (1997). Public finance for polytechnics and I.C.A.N. students. Niger: Leken Productions.Google Scholar
Okafor, B. (2020). The essence of compliance with road setbacks standards in developmental projects in Anambra Capital Territory. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research & Development, 4(6), 142145.Google Scholar
Olaniyi, J. (1998). Foundation of public analysis. Ibadan: Sunad Publishers.Google Scholar
Olufemi, O., & Jimoh, U. U. (2013). From pedagogy to paideia: Physical planning education in Nigeria. In 49th ISOCARP Congress, October.Google Scholar
Olufemi, O., Ayangbile, O., & Abiodun, O. (2015). Planning snapshots, Nigeria: 50 years. https://isocarp.org/app/uploads/2015/01/50-years-of-Planning-Highlights-in-Nigeria-Revised.pdfGoogle Scholar
Olujimi, J. (2016). Evolution of urban and regional planning practice in Nigeria: The Ondo State experience. Conference of the Golden Jubilee Celebration of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners. Akure, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Olujimi, J., & Enisan, G (2015). The influence of the colonial planning education on urban and regional planning administration in Nigeria. www.researchgate.net/publication/283655405Google Scholar
Omisore, E. O. (1999). Essentials of town and country planning practice in Nigeria. Ile-Ife: Trankei and Co.Google Scholar
Omole, F. K. (1999). Planning issues in Nigeria land tenure system and the Land Use Act. Lagos: Frontline/KenOye Publications Company.Google Scholar
Omole, F. K., & Akinbamijo, O. B. (2012). Land development and planning laws in Nigeria: The historical account. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 8, 2531.Google Scholar
Onifade, V., & Lawanson, T. (2019). Dual city Nigeria: A historical walk-through Nigeria’s urban development trajectory. In Alabi, M., Sanni, L. & Wahab, B. (eds.), Urban and regional planning in Nigeria: Essays in honour of Professor Samuel Babatunde Agbola (pp. 116). Ibadan: Joytal Printing Press.Google Scholar
Onyebueke, V. (2017). Diffusion and adoption of informality concept in planning pedagogy: Reflections from a Nigerian planning school. Journal of Architecture, City and Environment, 1(1), 6383.Google Scholar
Peters, A. (2015). Implementation of physical development plans in Yola. International Journal of Business and General Management, 4(4), 1520.Google Scholar
Raji, A., & Attah, U. (2017). Enforcing Building setbacks as a viable strategy for an emerging city. Traektoriâ Nauki – Path of Science, 3(6), 2127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The Nation (2021). Akin Mabogunje: ‘Father of African Geography’, town-planning expert, and celebrated public servant turns 90. https://thenationonlineng.net/akin-mabogunje/Google Scholar
Uwaegbulam, C (2021). Accolades as town planners, others honour Kadiri at 70. The Guardian, 22 February. https://guardian.ng/property/accolades-as-town-planners-others-honour-kadiri-at-70/Google Scholar
Vagale, L. (2000). Manual of space standard for urban development. Ibadan: Metric Edition.Google Scholar
Wahab, B., & Agbola, B. (2017). The place of informality and illegality in planning education in Nigeria. Planning Practice & Research, 32(2), 212225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wahab, B., & Popoola, A. (2019). Urban farmers’ perceptions of and adaptation strategies to climate variability in Ibadan, Nigeria. In Cobbinah, P. & Addaney, M. (eds.), The geography of climate change adaptation in urban Africa (pp. 123154). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wahab, B., Popoola, A., & Magidimisha, H. (2018). Access to urban agricultural land in Ibadan, Nigeria. Planning Malaysian: Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners, 16(4), 161175.Google Scholar
Watson, V., & Agbola, B. (2013). Who will plan Africa’s city? London: Africa Research Institute.Google Scholar
Wicker, E. R. (1958). Colonial development and welfare, 1929–1957: The evolution of a policy. Social and Economic Studies, 7(4), 170192.Google Scholar

References

Aggarwal, S., & Butsch, C. (2012). Environmental and ecological threats in India mega-cities. In Richer, M. & Weiland, U. (eds.), Applied urban ecology: A global framework (pp. 6679). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Baccini, P. (2012). Designing urban systems: Ecological strategies with stocks and glows of energy and material. In Richer, M. & Weiland, U. (eds.), Applied urban ecology: A global framework (pp. 5464). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Ballard, R., & Mapukata, S. (2022). South African urban imaginaries: Cases from Johannesburg. GCRO Research Report. https://cdn.gcro.ac.za/media/documents/GCRO_RR13_SA_Urban_imaginaries.pdfCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, P. (2000). Cities of gold, townships of coal: Essays on South Africa’s new urban crisis. Trenton: African World Press.Google Scholar
Chu, Z., Cheng, M., & Song, M. (2021). What determines urban resilience against COVID-19: City size or governance capacity? Sustainable Cities and Society, 75, 103304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (2014). Integrated urban development: Draft for discussion. https://iudf.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/IUDF-Brochure.pdfGoogle Scholar
Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (2018). South Africa’s national urban development policy – the IUDF: An overview. Pretoria: CGTA.Google Scholar
Didier, S., Peyroux, E., & Morange, M. (2012). The spreading of the city improvement district model in Johannesburg and Cape Town: Urban regeneration and the neoliberal agenda in South Africa. International Journal of Urban and Management Science, 36(5), 915935.Google Scholar
Dodman, D. (2017). Opinion: Why informal settlements are already smart. Devex, 29 March. www.devex.com/news/opinion-why-informal-settlements-are-already-smart-89450Google Scholar
Everatt, D., & Ebrahim, Z. (2020). Urban policy in South Africa. ResearchGate. www.researchgate.net/publication/344494183_Urban_policy_in_South_AfricaCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, D. (2018). Analysis of the human settlement programme and subsidy instruments. South African Urbanisation Review. April.Google Scholar
Grant, R. (2013). The development complex, rural economy and urban-spatial and economic development in Juba, South Sudan. Local Economy, 28(2), 218230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habitat for Humanity (2022). The world’s largest slums: Dharavi, Kibera, Khayelitsha & Neza. Habitat for Humanity Great Britain. www.habitatforhumanity.org.uk/blog/2017/12/the-worlds-largest-slums-dharavi-kibera-khayelitsha-neza/Google Scholar
International Budget Partnerships (2021). Asivikelane: Helping South Africa’s informal settlement residents’ voices be heard. https://internationalbudget.org/2021/10/asivikelane-helping-south-africas-informal-settlement-residents-voices-be-heard/Google Scholar
Jassat, W., Karim, S. S. A., Mudara, C., Welch, R., Ozougwu, L., Groome, M. J., Govender, N., von Gottberg, A., Wolter, N., Wolmarans, M., & Rousseau, P. (2022). Clinical severity of COVID-19 in patients admitted to hospital during the omicron wave in South Africa: A retrospective observational study. Lancet Global Health. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3996320CrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, L. (2012). Secondary cities in South Africa: The start of a conversation. Johannesburg: South African Cities Network.Google Scholar
Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R., Sharif, A., & Moradpour, N. (2021). Are high-density districts more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic? Sustainable Cities and Society, 70, 102911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linard, C., Gilbert, M., Snow, R. W., Noor, A. M., & Tatem, A. J. (2012). Population distribution, settlement pattern and accessibility across Africa in 2010. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031743CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madhi, S. A., Kwantra, G., Myers, J. E., Jassat, W., Dhar, N., Mukendi, C. K., … & Mutevedzi, P. C. (2022). Population immunity and COVID-19 severity with Omicron variant in South Africa. New England Journal of Medicine, 386(14), 13141326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marais, H. (2001). South Africa: Limits to change: the political economy of transition. Cape Town: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ministry of Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation (2020). Media statement by Minister Lindiwe Sisulu on government’s response to Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. 29 April. www.gov.za/speeches/minister-lindiwe-sisulu-governmentGoogle Scholar
Napier, M. (2009). Making urban land markets work better in South African cities to the poor. In Lall, S. V., Friere, M., Yuen, B., Rajack, R. & Helluim, J.-J. (eds.), Urban land markets: Improving land management for successful urbanization (pp. 71100). New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Planning Commission (2013). National Development Plan 2030: Our future, make it work. Pretoria: National Planning Commission.Google Scholar
National Treasury (2018). Managing urbanisation to achieve inclusive growth: A review of trends in South African urbanisation and suggestions for improved management of urbanisation. UKESA. www.ukesa.info/download/rPMWm4bTlOwRActngQVL5JHpqFXk62i1/Managing-Urbanisation.pdfGoogle Scholar
Nhlapo, M. S., Ruhiiga, T. M., & Kasumba, H. (2011). Growth challenges of homeland towns in post-apartheid South Africa. Journal of Social Science, 20(I), 4756.Google Scholar
Oranje, M. (2010). Post-apartheid national spatial development planning in South Africa – A brief history. European Spatial Research and Policy, 17(2), 5570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oranje, M., & Merrifield, C. (2010). National spatial development planning in South Africa 1930–2010: An introductory comparative analysis. Town and Regional Planning, 56, 2945.Google Scholar
Parliamentary Monitoring Group (n.d.). Urbanisation. https://pmg.org.za/page/UrbanisationGoogle Scholar
Phakathi, M. (2021). The Alexandra township de-densification project during the COVID-19 crisis: Challenges and potential lessons. Journal of Anti-Corruption Law, 5(1), 4666.Google Scholar
Pillay, U. (2008). Urban policy in post-apartheid South Africa: Context, evolution and future directions. Urban Forum, 19(I), 109132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pillay, U., Tomlinson, R., & Du Toit, J. (2006). Democracy and delivery: Urban policy in South Africa. Pretoria: HSRC Press.Google Scholar
Potts, D. (2012). Viewpoint: What do we know about urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa and does it matter? International Development Planning Review, 34(I). http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2012.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, A. (2009). The 21st century metropolis: New geographies of theory. Regional Studies, 43(6), 819830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RSA (1995). Development Facilities Act (Act 67 of 1995). Pretoria: Office of the Presidency.Google Scholar
RSA (1995). Reconstruction and development white paper. Pretoria: Office of the President.Google Scholar
RSA (1995). Urban development framework. Pretoria: Department of Housing.Google Scholar
RSA (1995). Urban development strategy. Pretoria: Department of Housing.Google Scholar
RSA (1996). Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. Pretoria: Department of Justice.Google Scholar
RSA (1997). Municipal infrastructure investment framework. Pretoria: Department of Provincial and Local Government.Google Scholar
RSA (1998). Population policy white paper. Gazette No. 399-19230, Notice No. 1930 of 1998. Pretoria: Ministry for Welfare and Population Development.Google Scholar
RSA (1998). White paper on local government. Pretoria: Department of Provincial and Local Government.Google Scholar
RSA (2001). Municipal infrastructure investment framework. Pretoria: Department of Provincial and Local Government.Google Scholar
Ruhiiga, T. M. (2013). Reverse empowerment in South Africa’s Comprehensive rural development programme. Journal of Human Ecology, 41(2), 165174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruhiiga, T. M. (2014). Urbanisation in South Africa: A critical review of policy, planning and practice. Supplement on Population Issues in South Africa, 28(1), 610622.Google Scholar
Smith, W. (2021). The challenge of COVID-19 in African cities: An urgent call for informal settlement upgrading. Cities & Health, 5(sup1), S56S58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistics South Africa (2019). SA population reaches 58,8 million. www.statssa.gov.za/?p=12362Google Scholar
Statistics South Africa (2020). Labour market dynamics in South Africa 2019. www.statssa.gov.za/publications/Report-02-11-02/Report-02-11-022019.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, C., & Lewis, B. (2012). Water and sanitation service delivery in Ethekwini: A spatially differentiated model. In Opinion6, Chance2Sustain (pp. 14). Bonn: EADI.Google Scholar
Teller, J. (2021). Urban density and COVID-19: Towards an adaptive approach. Buildings and Cities, 2(1), 150165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turok, I. (2012). Urbanisation and development in South Africa: Economic imperatives, spatial distortions and strategic responses. Urbanisation and Emerging Population Issues. Working Paper 8, IIED, London.Google Scholar
Turok, I. (2015). South Africa’s new urban agenda: Transformation or compensation? Local Economy, 31(1–2), 927.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UN-Habitat (2003). Guide to monitoring Target 11: Improving the lives of 100 million slum dwellers. Progress towards the Millennium Development Goals. UN-Habitat, Nairobi.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2022). South Africa. https://unhabitat.org/south-africaGoogle Scholar
United Nations (1996). Report of the United Nations conference on human settlements (Habitat II), 3–14 June. Istanbul, Turkey.Google Scholar
UN SDG (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N15/291/89/PDF/N1529189.pdf?OpenElementGoogle Scholar
Webster, D. (2020). Relocating rears its head: Bringing de-densification home in Alexandra. Mail & Guardian, 29 June.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2020). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020. www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020Google Scholar
Ziblim, A. (2013). The dynamic of informal settlements upgrading in South Africa: Legislative and policy context, problems, tensions, and contradictions. Habitat for Humanity International. https://cps.ceu.edu/sites/cps.ceu.edu/files/attachment/basicpage/143/slum-upgrading-policies-south-africa.pdfGoogle Scholar

References

Adewoyin, Y., Sanni, L. M., & Adeboyejo, A. T. (2020). Decentralization, jurisdictional spaces, and regional development in Nigeria. Human Geographies Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography, 14(2), 20672284.Google Scholar
Agbola, T. (2005). Urbanization, physical planning and urban development in West Africa. Paper presented at the Agenda Setting Workshop of the Commonwealth Association of Planners (CAP), World Planners Congress, Abuja, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Bello, I. K., Sodiya, A. K., & Solanke, P. A. (2016a). Public land acquisition and land use change problems in Ogun State. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 2(8), 3441.Google Scholar
Bello, I. K., Solanke, P. A., & Arowosegbe, O. S. (2016b). Managing a sustainable integrated township for urbanization development in Ogun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 3(6), 5662.Google Scholar
Egoh, M. A., & Louis-Maire, K. (2021). The proliferation of informal housing in major cities in Cameroon: Evidence, drivers and the way forward. Lagos: Nkafu Policy Institute.Google Scholar
Harrison, M. L. (2021). Development control: The influence of political, legal and ideological factors. Town Planning Review, 43(3), 254274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibrahim, Y., Sa’id, I., & Fodio, G. (2019). Implementation of planning in Nigerian local governments: Issues and challenges. LAPAI International Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 11(2), 131140.Google Scholar
John, P., Jeffrey, G., Payce, M., & Dhruv, G. (2020). Urban economic growth in Africa: A framework for analysing constraints to agglomeration. Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings, Working Paper 24. https://africaportal.org/publication/urban-economic-growth-africa-framework-analyzing-constraints-agglomeration/Google Scholar
Kasim, F. (2012). Urban dynamics and vulnerability to disasters in Lagos State, Nigeria. PhD dissertation submitted to Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, NigeriaGoogle Scholar
Neumann, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Harlow: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Odekunle, J. F. (2021). Housing development in informal settlement areas of Lagos State, Nigeria. PhD dissertation submitted to Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Ogun State of Nigeria (2005). Ogun State Urban and Regional Planning Law (No. 20 of 2005). Official Gazette for Government Notice.Google Scholar
Ogun State of Nigeria (2008). Regional development strategy: Our collective responsibility. Lagos: Comprehensive Project Management Services Limited (CPMS).Google Scholar
Ogun State Ministry of Physical Planning & Urban Development (2022). The annual report. Ogun State, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Ogun State Planning and Development Permit Authority (2022). Annual report of Zonal Planning Offices. Ogun State, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Ogundele, F. O., Odewumi, S. G., Ayo, O., & Aigbe, G. O. (2010). Challenges and prospects of physical development Control in Festac Town, Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Political Science and International Relation, 5(4), 174178.Google Scholar
Olujimi, J. A. B., & Fashuyi, O. S. (2004). Anatomy of illegal structures in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State. Journal of Nigerian Institute of Town Planners, 17, 7996.Google Scholar
Vivan, E. L., Kyom, B. C., & Balasom, M. K. (2013). The nature, scope, and dimensions of development control, tools and machinery in urban planning in Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Environmental Studies Research, 1(1), 4854.Google Scholar

References

Acuto, M., Parnell, S., & Seto, K. C. (2018). Building a global urban science. Nature Sustainability, 1, 24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Au, C. C., & Henderson, J. V. (2006). How migration restrictions limit agglomeration and productivity in China. Journal of Development Economics, 80(2), 350388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Augustijn-Beckers, E., Flacke, J., & Retsios, B. (2011). Simulating informal settlement growth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: An agent-based housing model. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 35, 93103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bai, X., McAllister, R. R., Beaty, R. M., & Taylor, B. (2010). Urban policy and governance in a global environment: Complex systems, scale mismatches and public participation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2, 129135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnhardt, S., Field, E., & Pande, R. (2017). Moving to opportunity or isolation? Network effects of a randomized housing lottery in urban India. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 9(1), 132.Google Scholar
Beegle, K., De Weerdt, J., & Dercon, S. (2011). Migration and economic mobility in Tanzania: Evidence from a tracking survey. Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(3), 10101033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M., Charles-Edwards, E., Bernard, A., & Ueffing, P. (2018). Global trends in internal migration. In Champion, T., Cooke, T. & Shuttleworth, I. (eds.), Internal migration in the developed world: Are we becoming less mobile (Chapt. 4, pp. 7697). Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Black, R., Bennett, S. R. G., Thomas, S. M., & Beddington, J. R. (2011). Climate change: Migration as adaptation. Nature, 478, 447449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Booth, C. (1903). Life and labour of the people in London. London: Macmillan and Company Limited.Google Scholar
Brueckner, J. K., & Lall, S. V. (2014). Cities in developing countries: Fuelled by rural–urban migration, lacking in tenure security, and short of affordable housing. In Duranton, G., Henderson, J. V. & Strange, W. (eds.), Handbook of regional and urban economics (Vol. 5, pp. 1399–1455). Amsterdam: North-Holland-Elsevier.Google Scholar
Cattaneo, A., & Robinson, S. (2020). Multiple moves and return migration within developing countries: A comparative analysis. Population, Space and Place, 26(7), e2335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Central Bureau of Census and Population Studies (CBCPS) (2010). Cameroon Population Census. Central Bureau of Census and Population Studies, Cameroon.Google Scholar
Chauvin, J. P., Glaeser, E., Ma., Y., & Tobio, K. (2017). What is different about urbanization in rich and poor countries? Cities in Brazil, China, India and the United States. Journal of Urban Economics, 98, 1749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cities Alliance (2006). Cities Alliance for Cities without Slums: Action plan for moving slum upgrading to scale. Washington, DC: Cities Alliance. www.citiesalliance.org/sites/default/files/ActionPlan.pdfGoogle Scholar
Davis, J. C., & Henderson, J. V. (2003). Evidence on the political economy of the urbanization process. Journal of Urban Economics, 53, 98125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, M. (2006). Planet of slums. New Perspectives Quarterly, 23(2), 611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Haas, H. (2011). The determinants of international migration: Conceptualising policy, origin and destination effects (Vol. 32). Oxford: International Migration Institute.Google Scholar
Epo, B. N., & Baye, F. M. (2013). Implications of farm–non-farm population shifts for household poverty changes in Cameroon. African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 8(2), 121.Google Scholar
Fleischer, A. (2007). Family, obligations, and migration: The role of kinship in Cameroon, Demographic Research, 16(13): 413440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, S. (2012). Urbanization as a global historical process: Theory and evidence from sub-Saharan Africa. Population and Development Review, 38, 285310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glaeser, E. (2011). Triumph of the city: How our greatest invention makes us richer, smarter, greener, healthier and happier. New York: Pan Macmillan.Google Scholar
Glaeser, E. L., Kahn, M. E., & Rappaport, J. (2008). Why do the poor live in cities? The role of public transportation. Journal of Urban Economics, 63(1), 124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Government of Cameroon (2020). National development strategy 2020–2030. Cameroon.Google Scholar
Greif, M. J., & Dodoo, F. N.-A. (2011). Internal migration to Nairobi’s slums: Linking migrant streams to sexual risk behaviour. Health & Place, 17(1), 8693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gubry, P. (1996). Le retour au village est-il une solution? Le cas du Cameroun. In Cousy, J. & Vallin, J. (eds.), Crise et population en Afrique. Paris: Les Etudes du Centre Population et Développement (CEPED) N° 13, Université de Paris.Google Scholar
Harris, J. R., & Todaro, M. P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: A two-sector analysis. American Economic Review, 60, 126142.Google Scholar
Howell, A. (2017). Impacts of migration and remittances on ethnic income inequality in rural China. World Development, 94, 200211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishtiaque, A., & Mahmud, M. S. (2011). Migration objectives and their fulfilment: A micro study of the rural–urban migrants of the slums of Dhaka City. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 7, 2429.Google Scholar
Khan, M., Kraemer, A., & Kraemer, A. (2014). Are rural–urban migrants living in urban slums more vulnerable in terms of housing, health knowledge, smoking, mental health and general health? International Journal of Social Welfare, 23, 373383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirchberger, M. (2020). Measuring internal migration. Mimeo.Google Scholar
Kit, O., Lüdeke, M., & Reckien, D. (2012). Texture-based identification of urban slums in Hyderabad, India using remote sensing data. Applied Geography, 32, 660667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohli, D., Sliuzas, R., Kerle, N., & Stein, A. (2012). An ontology of slums for image-based classification. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 36, 154163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosec, K., Ghebru, H., Holtemeyer, B., Mueller, V., & Schmidt, E. (2018). The effect of land access on youth employment and migration decisions: Evidence from rural Ethiopia. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 100(3), 931954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagakos, D. (2020). Urban–rural gaps in the developing world: Does internal migration offer opportunities? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(3), 174192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. The Manchester School, 22(2), 139191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, R. E. B. (2016). Internal migration in developing economies: An overview of recent evidence. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 8(2), 159191.Google Scholar
Mahabir, R., Crooks, A., Croitoru, A., & Agouris, P. (2016). The study of slums as social and physical constructs: Challenges and emerging research opportunities. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 3, 399419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malecki, E. J., & Ewers, M. C. (2007). Labour migration to world cities: With a research agenda for the Arab Gulf. Progress in Human Geography, 31, 467484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marx, B., Stoker, T., & Suri, T. (2013). The economics of slums in the developing world. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(4), 187210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mbarkoutou Mahamat, H. (2012). Le banditisme urbain au Nord-Cameroun: Entre archaïsme et professionnalisme. In Zelao, A. and Hamman, B. (eds.), Le Cameroun septentrional en transition, Perspectives pluridisciplinaires (pp. 151168). Paris: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Mberu, B. U., & Pongou, R. (2012). Crossing boundaries: Internal, regional and international migration in Cameroon. International Migration, 54(1), 100118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mberu, B. U., Béguy, D., & Ezeh, A. C. (2017). Internal migration, urbanization and slums in sub-Saharan Africa. In Groth, H. & May, J. (eds.), Africa’s population: In search of a demographic dividend (pp. 315–332). Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
Meva’a Abomo, D., Abessolo Nguema, J.-R., Begoumenie, B., Ba’ana Etoundi, M. L., Manga Engama, E., Wougaing, J. F., & Njiemessa, M. N. (2013). Internal migration in Cameroon: Constraint for or driver of urban and health development? Department of Study and Action-Research for Development (DSARD), Pan African Society of Builders (PSB), ACP Observatory on Migration.Google Scholar
MOBILISEYOURCITY (2019). République du Cameroun: Politique nationale de la mobilité urbaine – Diagnostic, vision nationale et mesures stratégiques pour sa réalisation.Google Scholar
Nana Djomo, J. M., & Epo, B. N. (2022). Transport poverty, distance covered to access to basic infrastructures and modal choice in urban cities in Cameroon. In Acheampong, R. A., Lucas, K., Poku-Boansi, M. & Uzondu, C. (eds.), Transport and mobility futures in urban Africa (pp. 129–150). The urban book series. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
National Institute of Statistics (NIS) (2014). Fourth Cameroon Household Consumption Survey. National Institute of Statistics, Cameroon.Google Scholar
Niva, V., Taka, M., & Varis, O. (2019). Rural–urban migration and the growth of informal settlements: A socio-ecological system conceptualization with insights through a ‘water’ lens. Sustainability, 11, 3487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oberai, A. (1993). Population growth, employment and poverty in third-world mega-cities. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ongolo Zogo, V., & Epo, B. N. (2015). Sources of inequality in the cost of transport mobility in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Development Southern Africa, 32(2), 229239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ongolo Zogo, V., & Epo, B. N (2016). Assessing gender inclusion in Cameroon’s rural transport. Journal of African Transformation (Reflections on Policy and Practice Volume), 1(2), 129144.Google Scholar
Ongolo Zogo, V., Epo, B. N., & Nodem, C. M. (2017). La Marche à Pied dans les Métropoles Africaines: Cas de la Ville de Yaoundé. Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport, 72, 143159.Google Scholar
Patel, A., Crooks, A. T., & Koizumi, N. (2012). Slumulation: An agent-based modelling approach to slum formations. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 15, 2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, A., Koizumi, N., & Crooks, A. T. (2014). Measuring slum severity in Mumbai and Kolkata: A household-based approach. Habitat International, 41, 300306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranis, G., & Fei, J. C. (1961). A theory of economic development. American Economic Review, 51(4) 533565.Google Scholar
Rashid, S. F. (2009). Strategies to reduce exclusion among populations living in urban slum settlements in Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 27, 574586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenbaum, P., & Rubin, D. (1984). Reducing bias in observational studies using sub-classification on the propensity score. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 79(387), 516524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schrieder, G., & Knerr, B. (2000). Labour migration as a social security mechanism for smallholder households in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Cameroon. Oxford Development Studies, 28(2), 223236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, T. P. (1982). Lifetime migration within educational strata in Venezuela: Estimates of a logistic model. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 30, 559593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, A. (1973). Interpreting the effect of distance on migration. Journal of Political Economy, 81, 11531169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shilpi, F., Xu, L., Behal, R., & Blankespoor, B. (2018). People on the move: Spatial mismatch and migration in post-apartheid South Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Srivastava, A., & Singh, R. C. (1996). Slums and associated problems: A case study of Bhilai, an industrial city. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 50, 5160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strobl, E., & Valfort, M. A. (2015). The effect of weather-induced internal migration on local labor markets: Evidence from Uganda. World Bank Economic Review, 29(2), 385412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tacoli, C., Mcgranahan, G., & Satterthwaite, D. (2015). Urbanization, rural–urban migration and urban poverty. IIED Working Paper. Human Settlements Group, International Institute for Environment and Development, London.Google Scholar
Timmerman, C., Heyse, P., & Van Mol, C. (2010). Conceptual and theoretical framework (Project Paper 1). Antwerp: University of Antwerp, Imagining Europe from the Outside (EUMAGINE).Google Scholar
Ullah, A. A. (2004). Bright city lights and slums of Dhaka city: Determinants of rural–urban migration in Bangladesh. Migration Letters, 1, 2641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UN-Habitat (2003). The challenge of slums – Global report on human settlements 2003. London: United Nations Human Settlements Programme.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2011). UN-Habitat Annual Report 2010. United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Kenya.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2016a). World cities report 2016 – Urbanization and development: Emerging futures. https://unhabitat.org/world-cities-report-2016Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2016b). Impact UN-Habitat communities manage project funds in participatory slum upgrading programme in Cameroun. 6 December.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2019). Habitat III issue papers: 22 – Informal settlements. https://unhabitat.org/habitat-iii-issue-papers-22-informal-settlements/Google Scholar
UN-Habitat; OECD (2018). Global state of national urban policy. Nairobi: UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
United Nations (2015). The Millennium Development Goals report 2015. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations (2017). New urban agenda. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations (2019a). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable Development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publicationGoogle Scholar
United Nations (2019b). Millennium Development Goals database. http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/default.aspxGoogle Scholar
Vasudevan, A. (2015). The makeshift city. Towards a global geography of squatting. Progress in Human Geography, 39, 338359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, N. (2015). Mixed and complex mixed migration during armed conflict: Multidimensional empirical evidence from Nepal. International Journal of Sociology, 45(1), 4463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zelinsky, W. (1971). The hypothesis of the mobility transition. Geographical Review, 61(2), 219249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Alexander, E. R. (2000). Rationality revisited: Planning paradigms in a post-postmodernist perspective. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 19(3), 242256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, A. (1986). Colonial and neocolonial urban planning: Three generations of master plans for Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Utafiti, 8(1), 4366.Google Scholar
Armstrong, A. M. (1987). Master plans for Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: The shaping of an African city. Habitat International, 11(2), 133145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, C. R. (2011). A discussion of poststructuralist and postmodernist positions in the work of Norman Macintosh. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 22(2), 110117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chigara, B., Magwaro-Ndiweni, L., Mudzengerere, F. H., & Ncube, A. B. (2013). An analysis of the effects of piecemeal planning on development of small urban centres in Zimbabwe: Case study of Plumtree. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 15(2), 2740.Google Scholar
Dean, M. (2010). Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Dear, M., & Flusty, S. (1998). Postmodern urbanism. Annals of Association of American Geographers, 88(1), 5072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, R., & Marais, L. (2012). Preface: Small town geographies. In Donaldson, R. & Marais, L. (eds.), Small town geographies: Experiences from South Africa and elsewhere (pp. 918). New York: Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Faludi, A. (1985). A decision-centred view of environmental planning. Journal of Landscape Planning, 12(3), 239256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodchild, B. (1990). Planning and the modern/postmodern debate. Town Planning Review, 61(2), 119137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunder, M. (2010). Planning as the ideology of (neoliberal) space. Journal of Planning Theory, 9(4), 298314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halla, F. (2002). Preparation and implementation of a general planning scheme in Tanzania: Kahama strategic urban development planning framework. Habitat International, 26(2), 281293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirt, S. A. (2009). Premodern, modern, postmodern? Placing new urbanism into a historical perspective. Journal of Planning History, 8(3), 248273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kasala, S. E. (2013). Operationalizing strategic urban development planning: A case of Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania. PhD dissertation, University of Dar Es Salaam.Google Scholar
Kasala, S. E. (2015). A return to master planning in Dar Es Salaam: A misconception of the theory of paradigm shifts? Global Journal of Human-Social Science, 15(2), 18.Google Scholar
Keeble, L. (1964). Principles and practice of town and country planning (3rd ed.). London: The Estates Gazette.Google Scholar
Kerr, R., Robinson, S. K., & Elliot, C. (2016). Modernism, postmodernism, and corporate power: ‘Historicizing the architectural typology of the corporate campus. Journal of Management and Organizational History, 11(2), 123146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kironde, L. (1994). The evolution of the land use structure of Dar Es Salaam 1890–1990: A study in the effects of land policy. PhD dissertation, University of Nairobi.Google Scholar
Lupala, J. M. (2002). Urban types in rapidly urbanizing cities: Analysis of formal and informal settlements in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PhD dissertation, Royal Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Myers, G. A., & Muhajir, M. A. (2014). The afterlife of the Lanchester Plan: Zanzibar as the garden city of tomorrow. In Bigon, L. & Katz, Y. (eds.), Garden cities and colonial planning: Transnationality and urban ideas in Africa and Palestine (pp. 98122). Manchester: Manchester University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Namangaya, A. H. (2013). A comparative assessment of the merits of master plans versus strategic urban development plans in guiding land use development: A case of 1979 Dar es Salaam Master Plan and 2000 Dar es Salaam Strategic Plan. Journal of Building and Land Development, Special Issue, 21–37.Google Scholar
Njoh, A. (2007). Planning power: Town planning and social control in colonial Africa. London: UCL Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okpala, D. (2009). Regional overview of the status of urban planning and planning practice in anglophone (sub-Saharan) African countries. Nairobi: UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
Pacione, M. (2009). Urban geography: A global perspective (3rd ed.). London: Taylor & Francis Group.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rukmana, D. (2010). Urban planning and local wisdom: The shift toward postmodernism and a new urban theory. Paper presented to Yogyakarta International Seminar, Yogyakarta, 27 January.Google Scholar
Ryser, J., & Franchini, T. (2015). International manual of planning practice (6th ed.). The Hague: International Society of City and Regional Planners.Google Scholar
Sandercock, L. (1998). Towards cosmopolis: Planning for multicultural cities. London: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Sauve, L. (1999). Environmental education between modernity and postmodernity: Searching for an integrating educational framework. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 4(1), 935.Google Scholar
Sawyer, L. (2014). Piecemeal urbanisation at the peripheries of Lagos. African Studies, 73(2), 271289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siu, K. W. M., & Huang, Y. H. (2015). Everyday life under modernist planning: A study of an ever-transforming urban area in Hong Kong. Urban Design International, 20(4), 293309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, J. E. (1970). Dar-es-Salaam: A sketch of a hundred years. Tanzania Notes and Records, 71, 118.Google Scholar
Tambila, K. I. (1995). The transition to multiparty democracy in Tanzania: Some history and missed opportunities. Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America, 28(4), 468488.Google Scholar
Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2002). The planning polity: Planning, government and the policy process. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2005a). The Sustainable Cities Programme in Tanzania 1992–2003: The SCP Documentation Series (Vol. 1). Nairobi: UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2005b). The Sustainable Cities Programme in Tanzania 1992–2003: The SCP Documentation Series (Vol. 2). Nairobi: UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2005c). The Sustainable Dar es Salaam Project 1992–2003: The SCP Documentation Series (Vol. 3). Nairobi: UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2009). Planning sustainable cities: Global report on human settlements. London: UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2014). The state of African cities 2014: Re-imagining sustainable urban transition. Nairobi: UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania (1967). The Arusha Declaration: Tanzania’s new revolution, 5 February.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania (2007a). Urban Planning Act No. 8. of 2007. Dodoma: United Republic of Tanzania.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania (2007b). Guidelines for the preparation of general planning schemes and detailed schemes for new areas, urban renewal and regularization. Dar-es-Salaam: Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlement Development.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania (2013). Basic facts and figures on human settlements, 2012: Tanzania mainland. Dar-es-Salaam: Ministry of Finance.Google Scholar
Watson, V. (2003). Conflicting rationalities: Implications for planning theory and ethics. Journal of Planning Theory & Practice, 4(4), 395407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, V. (2016). Shifting approaches to planning theory: Global north and south. Journal of Urban Planning, 1(4), 3241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamungu, N. (2019). Street-level bureaucrats and piecemeal planning approaches in the Tanzanian small towns of Mlandizi and Sirari. PhD dissertation, Stellenbosch University.Google Scholar
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×