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14 - Certification of Drop-In Alternative Fuels for Aviation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2022

By
Mark Rumizen
Edited by
Jacqueline O'Connor ,
Bobby Noble  and
Tim Lieuwen
Jacqueline O'Connor
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Bobby Noble
Affiliation:
Electric Power Research Institute
Tim Lieuwen
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
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Summary

A confluence of environmental and supply security are driving the aviation community to consider alternatives to petroleum-derived jet fuels.  It was recognized early on in the process that the sheer size of the existing aircraft fleet and supporting jet fuel infrastructure, along with regulatory constraints, precluded the introduction of a chemical energy carrier requiring aircraft or fuel handling equipment modifications.  Consequently, the chosen path forward was focused on synthetic alternatives with essentially identical chemical compositions and physical properties, called drop-in fuels.  This chapter will describe the regulatory basis enabling the use of these fuels by the existing aircraft fleet and the technical approach used to validate the drop-in nature of these fuels.

Keywords

certificationdrop-in fueljet fuelphysical propertieschemical propertiesfuel handlingfuel densityASTMairworthiness approvalfit-for-purpose
Type
Chapter
Information
Renewable Fuels
Sources, Conversion, and Utilization
 , pp. 487 - 500
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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References

Ammonia Could Fuel the Future of Sustainable Flight (2021) Raytheon Technologies Research Center. Available at: www.rtx.com/News/2020/12/09/ammonia-could-fuel-the-future-of-sustainable-flight.Google Scholar
CAAFI (n.d.) CAAFI Pre-Screening. Available at: https://caafi.org/tools/Prescreening_Guidance.html.Google Scholar
Moses, C. A. (2007) Development of the Protocol for Acceptance of Synthetic Fuels Under ASTM D 1655. Available at: Coordinating Research Council, Inc. Technical Report AV-2-04.Google Scholar
Moses, C. A., Stavinoha, L. L. and Roets, P. (1997) Qualification of SASOL Semi-Synthetic Jet A-1 as Commercial Jet Fuel. Available at: Southwest Research Institute Technical Report SwRI-8531.Google Scholar
Summary of Key Messages Delivered at the Technical Workshop “Hydrogen-Powered Aviation Research and Innovation” (2021). Available at: www.fch.europa.eu/sites/default/files/20210526_CA-CH_Workshop_key_messages.pdf.Google Scholar

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