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12 - Newer vaccines against typhoid fever and gastrointestinal salmonelloses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2009

Duncan Maskell
By
Richard A. Strugnell  and
Odilia L. C. Wijburg
Edited by
Pietro Mastroeni
Duncan Maskell
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Richard A. Strugnell
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
Odilia L. C. Wijburg
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
Pietro Mastroeni
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Typhoid and paratyphoid fever result from infection with Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi respectively. Humans are the only reservoir of these infections that are spread by the fecal-oral route. The control and near elimination of this disease in Western countries has been achieved largely because of improved sanitation, surveillance, contact tracing and successful therapy. In locations where this infrastructure does not exist, vaccines can be used as one measure to control the incidence of typhoid fever (Tarr et al., 1999) and possibly even to contribute to the eventual eradication of the disease.

Non-typhoidal S. enterica infections are a major public health problem world-wide and reduction of the incidence of these diseases presents quite different challenges to reducing the incidence of typhoid fever. In fact, these diseases have several animal reservoirs and, in humans, a large number of different S. enterica serovars cause gastroenteritis probably making vaccines very difficult to realize and/or use commercially.

This chapter will outline the current development of vaccines that address disease caused by S. enterica, with an emphasis on typhoid fever.

TYPHOID VACCINES

A short history of typhoid vaccines

Typhoid fever vaccine development began shortly after the so-called “Golden Age” of microbiology, at the end of the 19th Century. The initial discovery of the typhoid bacillus was made by Eberth in 1880 and it was first isolated from stools by Pfeiffer in 1896 (Warren and Hornick, 1979).

Type
Chapter
Information
Salmonella Infections
Clinical, Immunological and Molecular Aspects
 , pp. 323 - 336
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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