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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2022

Aya Homei
Aya Homei
Affiliation:
University of Manchester

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Science for Governing Japan's Population , pp. 288 - 298
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022
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This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

“1.57 shock,”254
“2025 vision,”255
Abe Isoo, 107
Abe Masahiro, 30
abortion, 20, 22, 61, 67–71, 73–75, 106, 180–82, 185, 200–208, 213, 214, 217–20, 223, 260, See also birth control
research, 204–207, 225, 226
“actual state” (jittai), 189–91, 193
Advisory Council for the Construction of Greater East Asia, 138, 147
Advisory Council on Population Problems (ACPP), 178, 179, 181–83, 249, 250
agency, 260–61
Aihara Shigemasa (1846–1914), 79
Ainu people, 37, 170
Amari Tatsuyo, 208, 222–23, See also Minamoto Village, three village study
Amended Criminal Regulations, The (Kaitei ritsurei), 68
Amrit Kaur, Rajkumari, 234, 243
Angel Plan, The, 254
Aoki Hisao, 186
Army Ministry, 132, 134, 135
Ashida Hitoshi, 179, 180, 211
bakufu, 26, 29, 30, 41
Balfour, Marshall C., 224, 234, 243
baojia, 49
Basic Law for Measures against the Declining Fertility Rate, The, 255
“biological principle” (seibutsugaku no gensoku), 47–48
birth, 22, 34, 38, 43, 57, 59, 60, 62, 65, 66, 69, 70, 72–75, 77, 79, 82–84, 87, 88, 95, 105, 109, 112, 118, 134, 150, 159, 166, 195, 214, 222, 247, See also childbirth, fertility
abnormal, 72–74
attendants, 22, 74, 87, 88, See also midwives
rate, 95, 118, 129, 132, 137, 174, 177, 185, 203, 207, 208, 210, 214, 218, 219, 223, 239, 247
table, 66
birth control, 15, 20, 96, 103, 105–15, 117–21, 173, 174, 176, 179–90, 193–201, 203, 204, 206–16, 220, 229, 230, 233, 235–38, 241–47, 257, See also abortion, contraception, family planning, eugenics, infanticide, population control
activism, 106–108, 113, 177, 189, 202, 203, See also birth control movement
activists, 23, 177, 198, 199, 200, 229, 230, 234, 236, See also family planning activists
campaign, 108, 118, 175, 186, 188, 198, 201, 237, 244, 245, See also birth control program
movement, 107, 108, 113, 117, 118, 198, 200–204, 209, 228, 229, See also birth control advocacy, socialism
pilot projects, 17, 199, 204, 205, 210, 226, 230, 241, 242, 260, See also Kajiya Village study, Katsushika Ward study, Khanna study, three village study
policy, 14, 117–19, 174–84, 186, 197, 198, 200, 207, 210, 223, See also population policy
program, 119, 186, 201, 206, 207, 210, 215, 216, 227, 237, 244
research, 23, 117–20, 175, 187–97, 202, 203, 210, 226–28, 230, 231, 236, 245, 246, 256, 257, 260, See also population research
“birth control field instructors” (jutai chōsetsu jicchi shidōin), 183, 203, See also midwives, public health nurses
bodies
reproductive, 23, 69, 74, 123, 138, 165–67, 184, 191, 194, 199
Brazil, 101, 127
Buckle, Henry Thomas, 40
Cabinet Bureau of Resources, 130, 148
Cabinet Bureau of Statistics, 44, 45, 49, 56, 62, 76, 78, 79, 191, See also CBS
Cabinet Planning Board, 131, 135, 139, 140, 142, 145–46, 151–54, 162, 163, 168, 171, See also CPB
Population Group, 152–54, 168, 171
census, 3, 13, 17, 21, 25–27, 29–31, 35, 38–57, 60, 62, 93, 159, 168, 169, 191, 192, See also population statistics
Central Harmonization Association, 163, 164
child, 123, 159
mortality, 61, 77–80, 83, 133, 134, 156, 249, See also infant death, infant mortality
childbirth, 57, 59, 61, 65–67, 69, 71, 73, 74, 76, 82, 87, 89, 90, 113, 119, 206, 214, 219, 222, See also birth
“childcare preservation” (ikuji hozen), 112, 114
“children left behind in China” (chūgoku zanryū koji), 193
China, 22, 26, 122, 129, 139, 146, 149, 151, 162, 224
“China Proper” (shina hondo), 157
Chinese, the, 170, 193
cholera, 63–64
civilization, 25, 31, 32, 57, 80, 106, 261
“civilized country” (bunmeikoku), 44, 45, 59, 68, 84
“coexisting and coprospering” (kyōzon kyōei), 101, See also colonial development
Cold War, 178, 180, 195, 227, 235, 259
Colonial Studies, 48
colonialism, 5, 16–18, 21, 47–51, 53, 101, 160, 161, 259
communism, 146, 163
“comprehensive population distribution planning” (sōgōteki jinkō haibun keikaku), 123, 141, See also population distribution
condoms, 219, 222, 228, See also contraceptives
contraception, 114, 119, 181, 189, 190, 202, 203, 206, 208, 213, 214, 217, 231, See also birth control, “family planning,” birth control, “family planning”
contraceptives, 119–20, 182, 183, 200, 206, 208, 213–15, 217–22, 228, 229, 236, 260, See also birth control, “family planning,” “simple contraceptive methods”
coproduction, 13–15, 210–12, 216, 259–60
Criminal Code, The, 68, 70, 181
death, 5, 34, 38, 43, 57, 59–65, 69, 75, 76, 90, 112, 114, 150, 159, 160, 195, 247, See also mortality
certificate, 58, 66, 75, 76
figure, 63–65, 77, 78, 90, See also mortality figure, mortality rate
table, 65, 78–79
demographic transition theory, 195, 244, 259
“demography” (jinkōgaku), 8, 10–11, 261
depression
economic, 94, 95, 100, 101, 126
development
colonial, 47, 48, 101, 127–28
diaphragms, 218, See also contraceptives
“difficulty in living” (seikatsunan), 95–98, See also poverty
diseases
acute infectious, 63, 65, 76, See also cholera
Draper, William, 257, 258
“Dutch Studies” (rangaku), 29, 30
economy
controlled, 9, 131, 140, 142, 146, 147, 155, 163, 172
Eisai Pharmaceutical, 236, See also foam tablets, Sampoon
Elderly Persons Employment Stabilization Law, The, 255
empire-building, 6, 7, 9, 13, 17, 25, 56, 57, 166
Equal Employment Opportunity Law, The, 254
Etō Shinpei, 34
Eugenic Marriage Consultation Offices, 183, 211
Eugenic Protection Law, The, 180, 181, 183, 200, 202, 203, 205, 211, 225, See also EPL
eugenics, 22, 105–106, 109–17, 121, 122, 137, 177, 179, 181, 182, 185, 198, 200–202, 229, See also birth control, population control, population quality
eugenics, “racial hygiene” (minzoku eisei), 170
Evans, Roger F., 224
Ezawa Jōji, 143–44
Ezochi, 37
“facts” (jijitsu), 39
“family line,” 239–41, 260
family planning
activists, 252, 257, See also birth control activists
“family planning” (kazoku keikaku), 20, 174, 179, 186–88, 195, 196, 202–204, 207, 209, 215, 216, 219, 223, 224, 228, 242–44, 257, 258, 261, See also birth control, population control
Family Planning Association of India, 233, See also FPAI
Family Planning Federation of Japan, 198, 201–203, 209, See also FPFJ
farmers, 94, 100, 101, 126, 128, 131, 144–47, 150, 156, 165, 166, 207, 237
fertility
decline, 80, 95–96, 108–109, 131, 132, 134, 145, 159, 160, 247, 250, 253, 254
differential, 113, 215, See also “reverse selection” (gyaku tōta)
high, 113, 159, 214
rate, 79–80, 108, 113, 132, 206, 214, 217, 244, 245, See also birth rate
regulation, 19, 23, 184, 207, 246, See also birth control
Fifth International Conference on Planned Parenthood, 209
foam tablets, 204, 219, 231, 235–38, 241–43, 245, 259, See also contraceptives, Kajiya Village study
food, 178
shortage, 98, 126, 177, 178
“food problem” (shokuryō mondai), 97, 98
“foreigners” (gaikokujin), 52, 193
Foundation-Institute for Research of Population Problems, 117, 149, 152–54, 171, 178, 179, 186, 187, 216, 249, 250, See also IRPP
Committee on Population Measures, 178, 183, 184, 196, 249, See also IRPP-CPM
Fourth National Conference on Population Problems, 152, 154, 252, See also Foundation-Institute for Research of Population Problems
Fujikawa Yū, 106
Fukuda Tokuzō, 110, 111, 114
Fukuhara Ryōjirō, 92
Fukuura Village, 207, 234, See also three village study
Fukuzawa Yukichi, 31–32, 40, 43
gaichi jinkō, 123, See also gaichijin
gaichijin, 161
Gamble, Clarence J., 24, 223, 224, 228–32, 234–37, 238, 241–44
Gamble, Richard, 237
gender, 165–67
General Plan to Establish National Land Planning, 140–42, 144–46, 151, 152, 155, See also GPL
General Plan to Establish the National Population Policy, 122, 123, 134–39, 144–47, 152, See also GPP
geopolitics, 96, 99, 101, 140–44, 155, 170, 172, 174, 193, 259, See also minzoku, race
gijutsu kanryō, 148, See also gikan, technical bureaucrats
gikan, 148, 199, See also gijutsu kanryō, technical bureaucrats
Gold Plan, The, 254, 255
Gotō Ryūnosuke, 139
Gotō Shinpei, 21, 46, 47–50, 53, 54, 57, 93
Government-General of Korea, 161
Government-General of Taiwan, 17, 21, 45–49, 51, 53–55, See also GGT
“government statistics” (seifu sutachisuchikku), 31, 38
Grand Council of State, 32, 35, 36, 42, 64, 68
Bureau of Household Registration, 36
Section of Statistics, 32, 34, 40, 42
Graveyard and Burial Regulation Law, The, 64, 66, 75, 76
Great Kanto Earthquake, 95, 125, 126, 163
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 23, 124, 135, 137–40, 143, 144, 153, 154, 157, 165, 166, 168, 169, See also geopolitics, Lebensraum
Greater East Asian Geopolitics, 143
Greater Japan Midwives Association, 88
Guangdong Army, 128
Guangdong Territory, 93
“healthy soldiers, healthy citizens” (kenpei kenmin), 137
Hamada Gen’tatsu, 71
Hamaguchi Osachi, 117
Harmonization Society (Kyōchōkai), 110
Hasebe Kotondo, 184
Hashimoto Denzaemon, 128
Hashimoto Ryōgo, 200, 203
health, 60, 178
activism, 62, 81
infant, 81
maternal, 183, 198
maternal and infant, 22, 61, 76, 81–84, 88–90, 114, 133, 181, 220
officials, 60, 63, 69, 76, 77, 198, 200, 203, 229, 234
Health and Hygiene Survey Group, 76–77, 81–83, 111, 114, 119, 133, See also HHSG
Health Center (Hoken Kaikan), 257
Health Insurance Law, The, 88
healthcare
professionals, 57, 70, 71, 81, 183
Hijikata Seibi, 149
Hokkaido, 37, 45, 54, 65, 100, 173, 266, 267
Home Ministry, 35, 37, 42, 47, 58, 62–65, 70, 75, 76, 81, 101, 103, 117, 119, 133, 135
Bureau of Social Affairs, 81, 103, 105, 109, 117
Division of Household Registration, 62
Office of Household Registration, 37
Sanitary Bureau, 35, 42, 47, 62–67, 69, 78, 81, 133
Honda Toshiaki, 28, 38, 39
Hoshino Naoki, 139
Household Registration Law, The, 35, 36, 69, See also koseki
“human society” (jinrui shakai), 39
Ichihara Ryōhei, 97
Ichiki Tokurō, 81
Iimoto Nobuyuki, 143
Imai Takeo, 34
Imperial Gift Foundation Aiiku-kai, 220, 222, See also Minamoto Village
India, 20, 24, 233–34, 241–43
infant, 76–81, See also child, nyūji, yōji
death, 22, 61, 62, 70, 75, 76, 84, 90, See also child mortality, infant mortality
mortality, 60, 62, 69, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80–84, 89, 118, 249, See also child mortality, infant death
infanticide, 22, 61, 68–71, 73, 185, See also stillbirth
“inhabitants” (jūmin), 38
Inoue Matsuyo, 84, See also midwives
Institute of Population Problems, 14, 18, 122, 132, 134, 137, 139, 149–52, 154, 157, 163–68, 170, 171, 174, 175, 178, 179, 184, 186–88, 190, 191, 194, 195, 225, 250, 256, 258, See also IPP
Institute of Public Health, The, 15, 18, 20, 23, 198, 199, 201–204, 222, 225, 226, 231, 242, 258, See also IPH
Department of Public Health Demography, 14, 20, 23, 198, 199, 201–205, 207, 208, 212, 214, 217, 218, 220–28, 230–33, 244–46, 252, See also DPHD
“intellectual class” (chishiki kaikyū), 96, 108, 109, 113, 210
International Conference on Population and Development, 261
International Planned Parenthood Federation, 210, 233, 257, 258, See also IPPF
International Statistical Institute, 44, 45, See also ISI
intrauterine devices, 204, See also IUDs
Investigative Commission for Population and Food Problems, 22, 98–99, 102, 103, 104, 111, 115–17, 119, 120, 252, See also IC-PFP
Food Section, 98
Population Section, 98, 103–105, 109–11, 115–19, 121, 142
Secretariat, 98, 102–103, 104, 105, 109–10, 117, 121
Isei, 64, 70, 75
Ishii Ryōichi, 95
Ishimoto Shizue, 107, 177, See also Katō Shizue
Itō Hirobumi, 32, 45
Iwakura Mission, 32, 33
Iwata Kōzō, 144
Japan Agriculture Cooperation, 220, 221
Japan Birth Control Study Group, 107
Japan Medical Association, 88
Japan National Racial Policy Study Group, 151
Japan Population Conference, 252, 258
“Japan Proper” (naichi), 53, 56, 93, 100, 102, 104, 137, 145–47, 157, 164, 165, 170, See also metropole, naichijin
Japan Red Cross, 83
Japan Society for the Promotion of Scientific Research, 151
Japanese Communist Party, 93
Japanese Geopolitics, 143
Japanese Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning, 257, 258, See also JOICFP
Japanese Society for Sexology, 110
Japanese Society of Racial Hygiene, 110
Japan-Manchuria-China Bloc, 139, 140, 141, 145, 148, 154, 163
jinkō, 7, 27, See also concept of population
jinshu, 7, 106, 124, See also minzoku, race
jinteki shigen (“human resource”), 9, 130, 131, 132, 134, 138, 142, 155, 160, 161, 171
Joban study, 204, 211–14, 216–20, 228, 231
Josan no shiori (Midwives’ Leaflet), 73
Journal of Statistics, 33
Kai Province, 38, 41
Kaji Tokijirō, 107
Kajiya Village study, 204, 220, 221, 231, 238–41, 243–45, 259, See also foam tablets, Khanna study, Sampoon
Kamifunaka Village, 207, See also three village study
Kanemitsu Tsuneo, 152
Katō Kanji, 128, 131
Katō Shizue, 177, 202, 229, See also Ishimoto Shizue
Katsu Kaishū, 30
Katsushika Ward study, 211–20, 228
Kawakami Hajime, 96–97
Kawakami Kan’ichi, 83
Kawanishi Jitsuzō, 105, 117, 118
Khanna study, 241–44, 259, See also foam tablets, Kajiya Village study
Kimura Masabumi, 202
Kinoshita Shinsaburō, 56
Kishi Nobusuke, 147, 257
Kishida Tome, 89, 90, See also midwives
Kitaoka Juitsu, 202, 229
Kodama Gentarō, 47, 50
Koizumi Chikahiko, 132, 137
kokudo, 121, 140, 143–44, See also geopolitics, land, “national land”
kokumin, 7, 38, See also jinshu, minzoku, shinmin
Kōkyōjuku, 71, See also midwives, Sakurai Ikujirō
Komai Taku, 170
Konoe Fumimaro, 122, 129, 134, 138, 139, 143, 148, 151, 158, 161, 162
Konuki Hiroshi, 162
Korea, 93, 98, 128, 157, 160, 161, 164, 173, 204, 224
Koreans, 138, 156, 160–65, 170, 193
koseki, 21, 35, 36–37, 43, 44, 49, 62, 69, 161, See also population register, The Household Registration Law
Koya Giichi, 23, 232
Koya Tomohiko, 202, 205, 238, 239, 241, 245
Koya Yoshio, 18, 23, 159, 160, 198–211, 214–15, 218, 219, 223–24, 226, 228–32, 234–39, 241, 243–45, 247, 259, 260
Koyama Eizō, 190
Kubo Hidebumi (Hideshi), 202, 204, 212
Kubota Yoshiaki, 168
Kumazawa Kiyoshi, 202
Kunii Chōjirō, 257
Kure Ayatoshi, 39, 63, 79
Kure Shūzō, 63
Kusaba Ryūen, 183
Kyōritsu School of Statistics, 33, 54
labor, 9, 12, 99, 101, 103, 104, 110, 117, 126, 129, 131, 135, 137, 141, 142, 148, 155, 157, 167, 177, 178, 196, 254, 255, See also workers
market, 99, 142
movement, 82, 95, 101, 107, 125, 163, 179
policy, 142
shortage, 129, 142, 249
“labor adjustment” (rōdō chōsei), 104, 142
Labor Problem Study Group, 142
land, 32, 37, 48, 90, 100, 143, 173, 177, 178, 189, 191, See also “national land” (kokudo)
“low-fertility and aging society,” 1–3, 254–55
Law for Measures to Support Raising Next-Generation Children, The, 255
Law on Social Welfare for the Elderly, The, 251
Lebensraum, 144, 155, See also geopolitics, Greater East Asia Coprosperity Sphere
Long-Term Care Insurance Law, The, 255, See also LTCI
“low-fertility and aging society,”1, See also shōshi kōreika shakai
MacArthur, Douglas, 176, 180, See also Supreme Commander for Allied Powers
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 22, 28, 97, 118
Malthusianism, 27, 98, 99, 111, 113, 126, 155, 177
Manchukuo, 127, 129, 173, See also Manchuria
Manchuria, 100, 101, 127–29, 139, 146, 157, 162, 166, See also Manchukuo
marriage, 34, 38, 60, 65, 80, 113, 114, 119, 137, 185, 189, 211, See also vital statistics
Marx
Karl, 22, 97
Masuda Shigeki, 117–19
Matsuda Yoshio, 56
Matsui Haruo, 130
Matsukata Masayoshi, 94
Matsuoka Yūsuke, 135
McCoy, Oliver R., 225–29
McKinnon, Edna, 209, 210
metropole, 16, 21, 25, 48, 53, 56, 57, 98, 101, 102, 122, 128, 137, 141, 145, 148, 156, 161, 163, 164, 166, 171, See also “Japan Proper”
Micronesia, 93
micropolitics, 13, 15, 19, 261
midwifery
reform, 59–61, 70, 73
midwives, 21, 22, 57–62, 68–75, 81, 84–91, 183, 203, 208, 209, 219, 221, 223, See also birth attendants
“old midwives” (kyūsanba), 74
“mid-developed country” (chūshinkoku), 260
Midwives’ Ordinance, The
Legislation for Midwives’ Examination, 70
Legislation for the Licensing of Midwives, 70
Midwives’ Ordinance, The, 58, 70–72, 75, 76
migration
domestic, 102–103
overseas, 22, 101–102, 104, 105, 127, 173
to Manchuria, 127–29
Minami Ryōsaburō, 97
Minamoto Village, 207, 208, 220, 222, See also three village study
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 135
Ministry of Colonial Affairs, 135
Ministry of Commerce and Industry, 135
Ministry of Finance, 32, 35, 42, 62
Division of Statistics, 32, 35, 42, 62
Ministry of Health and Welfare, 14, 17, 22, 122, 132, 134, 135, 137, 139, 145, 149, 151, 152, 174, 178, 179, 182, 183, 186, 188, 199–201, 211, 216, 249, 250, 257, See also MHW
Bureau of Society’s Life Section, 134
Population Bureau, 134, 151
Ministry of Health and Welfare Research Institute, 138, 149, 159, 184, 199, See also MHW-RI
Department of Population and Race, 138, 149, 159, 184
Department of Welfare Science, 199
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1, 247, 255
Ministry of Munitions, 146
Ministry of Public Affairs, 37
minzoku, 7, 96, 106, 124, 143, 144, 170, See also geopolitics, jinshu, race
“mixed-blood children” (konketsuji), 193
Mizushina Shichisaburō, 18, 21, 53–57
mobilization
war, 5, 122, 123, 129–31, 134, 147, 161
Mori Ōgai, 34
Morita Mariko, 73, See also midwives
Morita Yūzō, 25
Moriyama Yutaka, 202, 205
mortality, 64, 65, 76, 79, 80, 84, 118, 137, See also death
figure, 61, 64, 78, 79, See also death figure
rate, 76, 77–81, 83, 84, 90, 111, 114, 118, 133, 177, 247, 249, 252, See also death figure, mortality figure
movement
agrarian, 128
feminist, 82, 179
socialist, 82, 95, 101, 179
transnational population control, 19, 24, 195, 197, 224, 226–27, 229, 232, 234, 235, 245, 246, 256, 257
Muramatsu Minoru, 202, 205, 206, 221, 232–35, 252, 258
naichijin. See also “Japan Proper” (naichi), “the population of Japan Proper”
Nagai Hisomu, 110–14, 118, 119, 200
Nagai Tōru, 105, 110–12, 114–16, 178, 186, 216, 249
Nagayo Sensai, 64
naichijin, 37, 52
naisen ittai, 161, See also Koreans
Nakamura Tetsuji, 56
Nasu Shiroshi, 97, 128–29
National Committee on Maternal Health, 228, 231, 236, 238, See also NCMH, Clarence J. Gamble
“national defense state” (kokubō kokka), 129
“national/ethnic/racial power” (minzokuryoku), 144
National Eugenic Law, The, 137, 180
National General Mobilization Law, The, 129, 131, 148
National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, 3, 256, See also IPPS
“national land,” 121, 140, 141, See also kokudo
National Land Planning Study Group, 139
National Physical Strength Law, The, 137
“national power” (kokuryoku), 9, 25, 44, 57, 59, 61, 99, 129, 134, 139, 158, 165
“natural laws” (tenpō or ten’nen no hōsoku), 39
nation-building, 5, 6, 13, 17, 31, 32, 36, 37, 39–41, 56, 59, 90, 94
nation-state-empire, 9, 13, 122, 123, 131, 150, 167
Navy Ministry, 135
neo-Malthusianism, 106, 177
New Life Movement, 175, 185–88, 194, 216
“new order,” 23, 122, 129, 134, 138–40, 154, 155, 158, 161, 162, See also Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, war mobilization
“New Order for Science and Technology” (kagaku kijutsu shintaisei), 148
Nikaidō Yasunori, 79–81
ninbetsu aratamechō, 26, 35
Nishi Amane, 30
Nitobe Inazō, 54, 56, 115
Notestein, Frank W., 224, 227, 229
nyūji, 77, See also child, infant
“obstetrics-gynecology” (sanfujinka), 71, 168, 202, See also obstetrician-gynecologists
obstetrician-gynecologists, 71–73, 87–89, 91, See also “obstetrics-gynecology” (sanfujinka)
Office of Population Research, 224
Office of Population Research, Princeton University. See OPR
Ogasawara Islands, 37
Ogata Hospital, 71
Ogata Masakiyo, 71
Ogata Midwifery Training School, 71
Ogino Hiroshi, 202, 232, 235
Ogino Kyūsaku, 202
Okinawa, 37, See also Ryūkyū kingdom
Ōkouchi Kazuo, 142
Okubo Naomutsu, 83
Ōkuma Shigenobu, 32, 42
Ordinance for the Control of Harmful Contraceptive Devices, The, 119
Osaka Birth Control Study Group, 107
Osaka City Child Consultation Station, 83
Osaka City Midwives’ Association, 87, See also Osaka Midwives League, OCMA
Osaka Infant Protection Society, 83–84, See also OIPS
Osaka Mainichi Newspaper Charity Group, 84
Osaka Midwives League, 88
Osaka Municipal Government, 83, 87
Osaka Prefectural Government, 87
Osborn, Frederick, 243
Ōshima Kumaji, 49, 50, 54
Ōuchi Hyōe, 97
Outline of a Basic National Policy, 134, 135, 140, 144, 152
Outline of Measures against Declining Fertility, 255
Outline of the New Criminal Code, 68
Outline of the Rules of Medical Administration, 70
overpopulation, 10, 23, 94, 95, 104, 113, 116, 125, 127–30, 141, 160, 161, 173, 174, 176–78, 181, 184, 187, 195, 201, 216, 233, 242, 243, 247, 252, 253, See also population surplus
Overseas Migration Cooperative Societies Law, The, 100, 115
Pathfinder Fund, 228, See also Clarence J. Gamble, National Committee on Maternal Health
“people of Japan Proper placed externally” (zaigai naichijin), 193
“people’s power” (minryoku), 132
Perry, Matthew C., 29
“physical aptitude” (tai’i), 132, See also physical strength
policy
advisors, 19, 155, 177, 209
deliberation, 22, 98, 117, 139
discussion, 22, 76, 104, 120, 121, 124, 125, 132, 142, 164, 187, 196, 250, 251, 261
eugenic, 22, 111, 113–14, 123, 137, 138, 145, 180, 183, 200, 183, 249 See also The Eugenic Protection Law, General Plan to Establish National Land Planning, General Plan to Establish the National Population Policy, National Eugenic Law
science, 151, 171, 256, 262
social, 12, 81, 103, 105, 110, 114, 115, 121, 128, 131, 141, 142, 167, 196, 251, 256
policymakers, 3, 23, 75, 98, 102, 125, 131, 138, 145, 150, 155, 158, 173, 174, 179, 193, 216, 217, 223, 250, 252, 253, 255, 256, 260
policymaking, 5, 14, 17–23, 48, 92, 97, 103, 111, 129, 134, 147, 149, 151–53, 158, 171, 178, 184, 186, 189, 196, 205, 210, 246, 249–52, 256, 257, 262
population
aging, 1, 3, 132, 247, 253–55
concept of, 7–12, 14, 20, 27–28, 38–39, 53, 57, 59, 130, 191, See also jinkō
control, 19, 20, 22, 103, 105, 109, 110, 114–16, 119, 121, 174, 175, 182–84, 197, 224, 226, 227, 230–35, 241–46, 257–61, See also birth control, eugenics, family planning, “population distribution”
density, 99–101, 169
distribution, 22, 23, 124, 138, 139, 141–44, 146–47, 150, 154, 158, 162
growth, 24, 28, 93–96, 98, 99, 103, 118, 119, 122, 125, 126, 135, 137, 141, 150, 159, 161, 166, 176, 179, 224, 227, See also overpopulation
management, 5, 8, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19, 21, 61, 120, 121, 123, 124, 174, 175, 195, 197, 199, 210, 230, 252, 259
policy, 17, 19, 22, 103, 110, 111, 116, 123, 134, 138, 141, 144, 151, 178, 179, 184, 191, 195, 200, 205, 256
quality, 105, 111, 113, 123, 132, 135, 145, 146, 182, 188, 196, 210, 244, 249–51, 259, See also birth control, eugenics
quantity, 105, 113, 121, 123, 138, 145, 150
register, 26, 27, 35, 36, See also koseki
research, 5, 14, 16, 22, 23, 115, 116, 120, 121, 124, 151–55, 158–60, 162, 163, 165, 167–69, 172, 184, 185, 193, 203, 224–26, 228, 232, 234, 235, 250, 261, See also birth control research
science, 8, 10–20, 23, 24, 92, 115, 124, 175, 176, 197–99, 201, 204, 205, 256, 259, 262
statistics, 11, 12, 16, 21, 24, 25, 28, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40–43, 53, 55–57, 93, 94, 191, 192, 199, See also census, koseki, statistics
surplus, 10, 94, 96, 99, 100, 126, 182, See also overpopulation
Population Association of Japan, 10, 188, 189, 204–205, 256, 258, See PAJ
Population Census Law, The, 45
Population Council, 24, 223, 224, 226–28, 231–35, 243, 245, See also PC
“population of Japan Proper” (naichi jinkō), 98, 123, 137, 138, 146, 147, 150, 153, 154, 157, 161–64, 167, 171
“population of productive age” (seisan nenrei jinkō), 165, 166
“population problem” (jinkō mondai), 22, 91, 92–97, 103, 113, 115, 120, 125, 141, 150
post-WWII, 23, 173–78, 184, 185, 194, 195, 199, 202, 246, 251, 254, 256, 260
reconstruction, 175–77, 196, 197
poverty, 9, 96, 97, 108, 119, 120, 177, 211–13, 234, See also “difficulty in living” (seikatsunan)
“people’s power” (minryoku), 44
pronatalism, 135–37, 145, 160, 179, 198
Proposal for the Outline of the Yellow Sea and Bo Hai National Land Planning, 146
“protection of motherhood” (bosei hogo), 82
public health, 22, 59, 62, 63, 66, 68, 69, 73, 114, 132, 177, 202–205, 207, 217, 225, 227, 229, 233, 234
administration, 49, 58, 62, 76, 77, 225
nurses, 222, 236, See also “birth control field instructors” (jutai chōsetsu jicchi shidōin)
public health nurses, 183
Puerto Rico, 229, 236
race, 6, 9, 23, 52, 96, 99, 106, 113, 120, 121, 124, 132, 135, 137–39, 143–44, 146, 150, 153, 154, 157, 161, 172, 174, 180, 182, 185, 188, 192–95, 200, 224, 256, See also jinshu, minzoku, geopolitics
“racial hygiene” (minzoku eisei), 106, 110, 112, 119, 122, 168, 198–201
“racial improvement” (jinshu kairyō), 106, 121, See also eugenics
“racial problem” (minzoku mondai), 150
“racial science” (minzoku kagaku), 151, 159, See also eugenics
racism, 137, 160–62
Reconnaissance in Public Health and Demography in the Far East, 181, 224, See also Rockefeller Foundation, Far East Mission
region, 144, 145, 153, 155, 156, 170, 171, 175, 194–96, See also geopolitics, kokudo, land, “national land,” “regional development”
“regional development” (chiiki kaihatsu), 196, 251
“remaining women” (zanryū fujin), 193
“reproductive power” (seisanryoku), 166
“research bureaucrats” (kenkyūkan or chōsakan), 18, 124–25, 148–50, 152, 154, 157–58, 168, 171
“research bureaucrats” (kenkyūkan), 146–49
resource, 23, 95, 98, 99, 120–22, 124, 129–31, 140–41, 144, 148, 151, 153, 161, 172, 173, 252
“reverse selection” (gyaku tōta), 113, 118, 119, 177, 179–82, 200–201, 210, 211, See also differential fertility, eugenics
Rockefeller Foundation, 181, 224–26, 228, 231–35, 242, See also Population Council, RF
International Health Division, 225, See also IHD
Rockefeller, John D. III, 224, 226–27, 231
Rough Draft of the Proposal and the Proposal for the Outline of Central Planning, 146
Rough Draft of the Proposal Outlining Central Planning, 152, 157
Round-Table Conference on Population Problems, 211
“rules from the heaven” (tensoku), 28, See also concept of population
Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 45, 106
Ryūkyū kingdom, 37
Ryukyuans, 193
Sakisaka Itsurō, 97
Sakurai Ikujirō, 71
Salas, Rafael, 258
salt-and-sponge method, 237, See also “simple contraceptive methods”
Sampoon, 236–39, 241–45, See also Eisai Pharmaceutical, foam tablets, Kajiya Village study
Sams, Crawford F., 181, 205
Sanger, Margaret, 107
Sasakawa Ryōichi, 257
Sasaki Yukitada, 153
Satō Eisaku, 251
School for Western Studies, 29, 30
science–policy nexus, 24, 216, 247, 252, 257, 259–62
Second Asian Population Conference, 258
Section of Eugenics, 137
security, 9, 78, 128, 178, 253
Shibusawa Eiichi, 32, 33
shinmin, 7, 37
Shinomiya Kyōji, 97
Shinozaki Nobuo, 18, 23, 175–76, 184–95, 198, 199, 204, 247, 252, 258
shōshi kōreika shakai. See also “low-fertility and aging society”
shōshi kōreika shakai, 254
Showa Research Association, 139
shūmon aratamechō, 26, 27, 35
“simple contraceptive methods,” 219, 228, 229, 237–38, 242, 244, 245
Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), 45
“social birth clinics” (shakaiteki san’in), 87
“social development” (shakai kaihatsu), 250–51, 259, 261
“social problems” (shakai mondai), 97
socialism, 108, See also birth control advocacy, birth control movement, socialist movement
Society for the Statistical Science, 33
soldiers, 65, 89, 137, 160, 161, 165, 167, 177, 179, 193
Soviet Union, The, 158–60, 173, 180, See also USSR
Special Committee on Racial Hygiene, 119
statecraft, 12, 16–19, 23, 24, 32, 46, 57, 60, 91, 147, 262, See also science–policy nexus
statistics, 13, 25, 28–34, 39–41, 43, 46–47, 53–57, 103, 168, 209, 247, See also tōkeigaku
vital, 11, 16, 21, 22, 35, 46, 57, 58, 60–65, 69, 75–79, 84, 90–91, 93, 150, 156, 157, 159, 170, 203, 247, 253, See also population statistics
Statistics Bureau of Japan, 26, 27
Statistics Society, 33, See also Tokyo Statistics Association
sterilization, 112, 137, 180, 204, See also birth control, eugenics
stillbirth, 65–69, 75, 79, 133, See also abortion, death, infanticide, mortality
strength
physical, 44, 130, 132–35, 153, See also “physical aptitude” (tai’i)
Sugi Kōji, 21, 28–34, 37–43, 53, 57, 59, 62
Supreme Commander for Allied Powers, 176, 180, 199, See also SCAP
Supreme Commander for Allied Powers General Headquarters, 176, 178, 180–83, 191, 201, 205, 224, 225, See also SCAP-GHQ
Natural Resources Section, 178, 180, 182, 252, See also NRS
Public Health and Welfare Section, 178, 181, See also PHW
Suruga, 30, 33, 40
surveillance
reproductive, 21, 74
Suzuki Bunji, 107
Suzuki Kisaburō, 98
Tachi Minoru, 18, 23, 149–51, 154–60, 163–64, 168–72, 175, 204, 249, 251
Tachikawa Kiyoshi, 204
Taeuber, Irene B., 224, 227, 231
Taiwan, 16, 21, 25, 37, 45–57, 93, 98, 106, 157, 173, 204, 224, 264
Taiwan Statistical Association, 55, 56
Taiwanese, the, 21, 51, 156, 193
Takagi Kanehiro, 81
Takata Yasuma, 95–96, 108, 109
Takushoku University, 56
Tanaka Giichi, 98–100, 102
“technical bureaucrats” (gijutsu kanryō), 17–19, 23, 53, 56, 124–25, 147, 148, 159, 175, 176, 179, 184–87, 192, 193, 197, 199–201, 209, 247, 249, See also gikan
Temporary Group for the Investigation of Traditional Customs in Taiwan, 47
Temporary Land Survey Group, 47
Temporary Taiwan Household Investigation, 46
Temporary Taiwan Population Survey Group, 48–49, 52, 54, See also TTPSG
Terao Takuma, 249
Teruoka Gitō, 109
“the countryside” (gunbu), 125
“the elderly” (kōreisha), 4
“the urban area” (shibu), 125
Thompson, Warren S., 100, 182, 224, 227, 229
three village study, 204, 207–10, 214, 217, 218, 220, 231, 234, 237
Tietze, Christopher, 236
Tohoku, 149, 259
tōkeigaku, 33, See also population statistics, statistics, vital statistics
Tokyo Statistics Association, 44, 56, See also Statistics Society
Total Fertility Rate, 247, 251, 253, 254, 257, See also TFR
total war, 120–22, 123, 130, 151, 158, 165, 172
Treaty of Versailles, The, 101
Tsuda Mamichi, 30
Ueda Masao, 150, 168, 169
Ueda Teijirō, 145
“unemployment problem” (shitsugyō mondai), 125, 126, 129
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, 258, See also United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ESCAP
United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, 258, See also United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, ECAFE
United Nations Fund for Population Activities, 258, See also UNFPA
United States Immigration Act of 1924, The, 95
US Immigration Act in 1924, The, 101
Vision for Children and Childcare, 255
Visseling, Simon, 30
Washington Naval Treaty, The, 95
Watanabe Tomoe, 89, See also midwives
women, 38, 60, 69, 70, 80, 114, 119, 123, 156–57, 165–67, 177, 181, 185, 193, 205, 206, 208, 212, 213, 214, 217, 218, 220–23, 237–39, 250, 253, 260
Work Placement Law, The, 142
workers, 82, 89, 97, 101, 126, 131, 142, 157, 164–67, 188, 216, 217, See also labor, labor movement
Korean, 163
World Bank, 258
World Population Conference, 99, 115, 116, 232
Yagyū Kazuyoshi, 56
Yamakawa Kikue, 107
Yamamoto Hikoichi, 83
Yamamoto Senji, 107–108
Yamamoto Teijirō, 98
Yanaihara Tadao, 94
Yano Kōta, 78–79
yōji, 77, See also child
Yokota Toshi, 179
Yoshida Hideo, 97
Yoshida Shigeru, 182
Yuasa Shū, 202, 212
zainichi Koreans, 193

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  • Index
  • Aya Homei
  • Book: Science for Governing Japan's Population
  • Online publication: 10 November 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009186827.010
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  • Index
  • Aya Homei
  • Book: Science for Governing Japan's Population
  • Online publication: 10 November 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009186827.010
Available formats
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  • Index
  • Aya Homei
  • Book: Science for Governing Japan's Population
  • Online publication: 10 November 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009186827.010
Available formats
×