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9 - Single-Molecule Detection in the Study of Gene Expression

from Part IV - Single-Molecule Biology to Study Gene Expression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2022

By
Vipin Kumar ,
Simon Leclerc  and
Yuichi Taniguchi
Edited by
Krishnarao Appasani  and
Raghu Kiran Appasani
Krishnarao Appasani
Affiliation:
GeneExpression Systems, Inc.
Raghu Kiran Appasani
Affiliation:
Psychiatrist, Neuroscientist, & Mental Health Advocate
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Summary

Determining rules for gene expression regulation is an important step toward predicting how cells are decoding the genome sequence to create a wide variety of phenotypes. Recent advances in imaging technologies revealed the stochastic nature of gene expression, in which different numbers of mRNA and protein molecules can be created in cells that have the same genome sequence (Elowitz, 2002); Kaufmann and van Oudenaarden, 2007). An early research revealed that this stochasticity is yielded by two factors: intrinsic and extrinsic noise. While the former is due to instant random chemical reactions in gene expression process, the latter is caused by cell specific molecular states emerging from the integration of gene expression over a longer time (Elowitz, 2002); Kaufmann and van Oudenaarden 2007). This finding inspired studies to investigate how cells deterministically cause robust phenotypes under such stochasticity. In contrast, this also motivated investigations on how cells utilize this stochasticity to generate different kinds of phenotypes for processes such as neural development (Johnson et al., 2015), emergence of bacterial resistance (Sánchez-Romero and Casadesús, 2014), or cancer development (Marusyk et al., 2012; Junttila and de Sauvage, 2013).

Type
Chapter
Information
Single-Molecule Science
From Super-Resolution Microscopy to DNA Mapping and Diagnostics
 , pp. 127 - 141
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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