Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Basic Structural Concepts
- 3 Symmetry in Crystal Structures
- 4 Crystal Structures
- 5 Diffraction
- 6 Secondary Bonding
- 7 Ionic Bonding
- 8 Metallic Bonding
- 9 Covalent Bonding
- 10 Models for Predicting Phase Stability and Structure
- Appendix 1A Crystal and univalent radii
- Appendix 2A Computing distances using the metric tensor
- Appendix 2B Computing unit cell volumes
- Appendix 2C Computing interplanar spacings
- Appendix 3A The 230 space groups
- Appendix 3B Selected crystal structure data
- Appendix 5A Introduction to Fourier series
- Appendix 5B Coefficients for atomic scattering factors
- Appendix 7A Evaluation of the Madelung constant
- Appendix 7B Ionic radii for halides and chalcogenides
- Appendix 7C Pauling electronegativities
- Appendix 9A Cohesive energies and band gap data
- Appendix 9B Atomic orbitals and the electronic structure of the atom
- Index
6 - Secondary Bonding
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 February 2011
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Basic Structural Concepts
- 3 Symmetry in Crystal Structures
- 4 Crystal Structures
- 5 Diffraction
- 6 Secondary Bonding
- 7 Ionic Bonding
- 8 Metallic Bonding
- 9 Covalent Bonding
- 10 Models for Predicting Phase Stability and Structure
- Appendix 1A Crystal and univalent radii
- Appendix 2A Computing distances using the metric tensor
- Appendix 2B Computing unit cell volumes
- Appendix 2C Computing interplanar spacings
- Appendix 3A The 230 space groups
- Appendix 3B Selected crystal structure data
- Appendix 5A Introduction to Fourier series
- Appendix 5B Coefficients for atomic scattering factors
- Appendix 7A Evaluation of the Madelung constant
- Appendix 7B Ionic radii for halides and chalcogenides
- Appendix 7C Pauling electronegativities
- Appendix 9A Cohesive energies and band gap data
- Appendix 9B Atomic orbitals and the electronic structure of the atom
- Index
Summary
Introduction
This chapter and the three that follow describe the cohesive forces that stabilize crystals. Each chapter concentrates on one of four limiting cases.While the limiting cases have the advantage of being easy to describe, it is important to keep in mind that real chemical bonds rarely fit exactly into one of these categories.
Our discussion of cohesive forces begins in this chapter with a description of the van der Waals bond. A brief description of dipolar bonding and hydrogen bonding is found at the end of this chapter. All three of these cohesive forces are considered to be weak and are known as secondary bonds. In comparison, the stronger ionic, metallic, and covalent bonds are considered to be primary bonds. The key assumption in the models describing secondary bonding is that the electronic energy levels of the bonded atoms are insignificantly perturbed. In other words, bonded atoms are very nearly indistinguishable from free atoms.
Each of the four chapters on bonding has been developed with a similar structure. First, the subject will be described phenomenologically, so that an intuitive understanding is developed. Second, a physical model is introduced and used, when possible, to predict measurable quantities.
Substances held together by van der Waals bonds
Van der Waals bonding plays a significant role in the cohesion of three types of solids. The first are solids containing uncharged atoms or molecular species without polar bonds, including inert gases such as He, Ne, Ar, Xe, and Kr.
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- Structure and Bonding in Crystalline Materials , pp. 263 - 285Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2001
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