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33 - Neuroimaging of anorexia and bulimia

from Section VI - Eating Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2011

By
Guido K. W. Frank  and
Michael D. H. Rollin
Edited by
Martha E. Shenton  and
Bruce I. Turetsky
Guido K. W. Frank
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
Michael D. H. Rollin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and The Children's Hospital University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
Martha E. Shenton
Affiliation:
VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Bruce I. Turetsky
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

Introduction

The conceptual framework of the pathophysiology and etiology of the eating disorders (EDs) anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) as well as the emerging ED binge eating disorder (BED), has undergone significant changes in the past few decades. Brain imaging techniques now give us the opportunity to assess regional brain activity and neuroreceptor function in-vivo in humans, and thus may help us understand how neuronal circuits are related to behavior and pathophysiology.

A host of neuroimaging tools is now available for ED research. Structural imaging techniques such as computer tomography (CT) and radiation-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide information on gross structural abnormalities. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can detect brain chemicals containing choline, aspartate and others, which are involved in brain neurotransmission. Positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are used to assess brain activity thought to be associated with changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). In addition, neurotransmitter receptor function and regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) can be assessed with PET and SPECT and radioligands. Electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials (EPs) record neuronal electrical activity, and quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) employs spectral analysis of EEG data from multiple-electrode, whole-head recordings and provides better spatial resolution compared to the traditional EEG. Recent advances in the field of brain research using neuroscience-based imaging paradigms have made great progress with respect to emotional and cognitive processes that may be altered in psychiatric illness.

Type
Chapter
Information
Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Insights from Neuroimaging
 , pp. 465 - 486
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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