Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Illustrations
- Acknowledgments
- Vital Accounts
- Introduction
- 1 A New Science: Political Arithmetic
- PART ONE SMALLPOX INOCULATION AND MEDICAL ARITHMETIC
- PART TWO MEDICAL ARITHMETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
- PART THREE POLITICAL ARITHMETIC
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index
- Titles in the series
- References
Bibliography
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 October 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Illustrations
- Acknowledgments
- Vital Accounts
- Introduction
- 1 A New Science: Political Arithmetic
- PART ONE SMALLPOX INOCULATION AND MEDICAL ARITHMETIC
- PART TWO MEDICAL ARITHMETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
- PART THREE POLITICAL ARITHMETIC
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index
- Titles in the series
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Vital AccountsQuantifying Health and Population in Eighteenth-Century England and France, pp. 219 - 242Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2002
References
Anonymous. An Account of the Rise, Progress and State of the Hospital, for Relieving Poor People Afflicted with the Small Pox, and for Inoculation. n.p., n.d. [1754]
Anonymous A Computation of the Increase of London, and Parts Adjacent; with Some Causes Thereof, and Remarks Thereon. London, 1719
Anonymous Considerations on the Propriety of a Plan for Inoculating the Poor of London at Their Own Habitations: With a View Particularly to the Arguments Urged in Defense of It, by the Author of a Late Anonymous Letter to Dr. J. C. Lettsom. London, 1779
Anonymous L'inoculation nécessaire. n.p., 1759
Anonymous A Letter to a Member of Parliament on the Registering and Numbering the People of Great Britain. London, 1753. Reprinted in D. V. Glass, ed., The Development of Population Statistics. Farnborough, Hants, Eng.: Gregg International Publishers, 1973
Anonymous A Letter to J. C. Lettsom, MD, FRS, SAS & c. Occasioned by Baron Dimsdale's Remarks on Dr. Lettsom's Letter to Sir Robert Barker, and G. Stacpoole, esq. upon General Inoculation. By an Uninterested Spectator of the Controversy between Baron Dimsdale and Dr. Watkinson. London, 1779
Anonymous The Medical Register for the Year 1779. London, 1779
Anonymous The New Practice of Inoculating the Small-Pox Consider'd. And an Humble Application to the Approaching Parliament for the Regulation of That Dangerous Experiment. London, 1722
Anonymous Plan of a Dispensary for Inoculating the Poor. n.p., n.d
Anonymous A Representation from the Governors of the Hospital for the Small-Pox and for Inoculation. n.p., n.d. [1756]
Anonymous A Serious Address to the Public concerning the Most Probable Means of Avoiding the Dangers of Inoculation. London, 1758
Anonymous Uncertainty of the Present Population of This Kingdom; Deduced from a Candid Review of the Accounts Lately Given of It by Dr. Price, on the One Hand, Mr. Eden, Mr. Wales, and Mr. Howlett on the Other. London, 1781
. “The Bill of Mortality of the Town of Warrington, for the Year 1773.” Philosophical Transactions 64 (1774): 438–444Google Scholar
. “An Argument for Divine Providence Taken from the Regularity Observ'd in the Birth of Both Sexes.” Philosophical Transactions 27 (1710–1712): 186–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbuthnot, John. An Essay concerning the Effects of Air on Human Bodies. London, 1733
Arbuthnot, John. An Essay on the Usefulness of Mathematical Learning in a Letter from a Gentleman in the City to his Friend in Oxford. 2d ed. [1st ed., 1701] Oxford, 1721
Arbuthnot, John. Of the Laws of Chance. London, 1692
[Arbuthnot, John]. Mr. Maitland's Account of Inoculating the Smallpox Vindicated, from Dr. Wagstaffe's Misrepresentations of That Practice, with Some Remarks on Mr. Massey's Sermon. London, 1722
[Astruc, Jean.] Doutes sur l'inoculation de la petite vérole, proposés à la Faculté de Médecine de Paris. n.p., 1756
Aubrey, John. Brief Lives. Ed. Richard Barber. London: The Boydell Press, 1982
[Auffray, Jean.] Le luxe consideré relativement à la population et à l'économie. Lyon, 1762
Baker, George. An Inquiry into the Merits of a Method of Inoculating the Small-Pox, Which Is Now Practised in Several Counties of England. London, 1766
. “An Account of the Births and Burials with the Number of Inhabitants at Stoke-Damerell in the County of Devon.” Philosophical Transactions 39 (1735–1736): 171–172CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Deux essais d'arithmetique politique touchant les villes et hospitaux de Londres et de Paris.” Nouvelles de la république des lettres, October 1685, pp. 1144-1151Google Scholar
Bell, John. London's Remembrancer, or a True Account of Christnings and Mortality in All the Years of the Pestilence within the Cognizance of the Bills of Mortality Being XVIII Years Taken Out of the Register of the Company of Parish Clerks of London, &c. London, 1665
[Berkeley, George.] The Analyst: Or, a Discourse Addressed to an Infidel Mathematician. London, 1734
Bernoulli, Daniel. “Essai d'une nouvelle analyse de la mortalité causée par la petite vérole et des avantages de l'inoculation pour la prévenir.” Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, 1760 (Paris, 1765), Part 2, pp. 1–79
Birch, Thomas. A Collection of the Yearly Bills of Mortality from 1657 to 1758 Inclusive. London, 1759
Birch, Thomas. The History of the Royal Society of London. Vols. 1–4. Facsimile of London Edition of 1756–1757. Introduction by A. Rupert Hall and Marie Boas Hall. New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1968
Black, William. An Arithmetical and Medical Analysis of the Diseases and Mortality of the Human Species. London, 1789. Reprinted with an introduction by D. V. Glass. Farnborough, Hants, Eng.: Gregg International Publishers Limited, 1973
Black, William. Observations Medical and Political: On the Small-pox and Inoculation; and on the Decrease of Mankind at Every Age with a Comparative View of the Diseases Most Fatal to London during Ninety Years. London, 1781
Black, William. Observations Medical and Political, on the Smallpox and Inoculation; and on the Mortality of Mankind at Every Age in City and Country … To Which Is Added a Postscript. 2d ed. London, 1781
Bodin, Jean. Six Books of the Commonwealth. Trans. and Abridged by M. J. Tooley. 1576; Oxford: Basil Blackwell [1955]
Boswell, James. Life of Samuel Johnson LLD. 1791; New York: Modern Library, 1931
Boylston, Zabdiel. An Historical Account of the Small-Pox Inoculated in New England, upon All Sorts of Persons, Whites, Blacks, and of All Ages and Constitutions. London, 1726
Brady, Samuel. Some Remarks upon Dr. Wagstaffe's Letter, and Mr. Massey's Sermon against Inoculating the Smallpox … In Three Letters to a Friend. London, 1722
. “A Letter from the Reverend William Brakenridge, D. D. and F. R. S. to George Lewis Scot, Esq; F. R. S. concerning the Number of Inhabitants within the London Bills of Mortality.” Philosophical Transactions 48 (1754): 788–800CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “A Letter to George Lewis Scot, Esq; F. R. S. concerning the Number of People in England; from the Reverend William Brakenridge, D. D. Rector of St. Michael Bassishaw, and F. R. S.” Philosophical Transactions 49 (1755–1756): 268–285CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “A Letter to George Lewis Scot, Esquire, concerning the Present Increase of the People in Britain and Ireland.” Philosophical Transactions 49 (1755–1756): 877–890CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brieude. “Topographie médicale de la haute Auvergne.” Histoire de la Société Royale de Médecine, 1782–1783 (Paris, 1787), pp. 257–340
Brown, John. An Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times. 2d ed. London, 1757
. “The Number of People in the City of Bristol, Calculated from the Burials for Ten Years Successive, and Also from the Number of Houses.” Philosophical Transactions 48 (1753): 217–220CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burges, James. An Account of the Preparation and Management Necessary to Inoculation. London, 1754
Butini, Jean-Antoine. Traité de la petite vérole, communiquée par l'inoculation. Paris, 1752
Byrom, John. The Private Journal and Literary Remains of John Byrom. Ed. Richard Parkinson. Manchester: Chetham Society, 1854
Chais, Charles. Essai apologétique sur la méthode de communiquer la petite vérole par inoculation; où l'on tâche de faire voir que la conscience ne auroit en être blessée, ni la religion offensée. A la Haye, 1754
Chalmers, George. An Estimate of the Comparative Strength of Great Britain during the Present and Four Preceding Reigns. 2d ed. London, 1791
Clifton, Francis. The State of Physick, Ancient and Modern, Briefly Consider'd: with a Plan for the Improvement of It. London, 1732
Clifton, Francis. Tabular Observations Recommended as the Plainest and Surest Way of Practising and Improving Physick in a Letter to a Friend. London, 1731
Clinch, William. An Historical Essay on the Rise and Progress of the Small-Pox. To Which Is Added, a Short Appendix, to Prove, That Inoculation Is No Security from the Natural Small-Pox. London, 1725
Colman, Benjamin. Some Observations on the New Method of Receiving the Small-Pox by Ingrafting or Inoculating. Boston, 1721
Considerations on a Bill for Obliging all Parishes of This Kingdom to Keep Proper Registers of Births, Deaths, and Marriages. London, 1759
Cotte, Louis. Traité de météorologie. Paris, 1774
Cotte, R. P. “Mémoire sur la topographie médicale de Montmarenci & ses environs.” Histoire de la Société Royale de Médecine, 1779 (Paris, 1782), pp. 61–83
Cousin. “Sur la vertu anti-septique du quinquina.” In Receuil d'observations de médecine des hôpitaux militaires. Ed. François-Marie-Claude Richard de Hautesierck. 2 vols. Paris, 1782, vol. 2., p. 531
d'Alembert, Jean. Oeuvres philosophiques, historiques et littéraires de d'Alembert. Ed. J. F. Bastien. 18 vols. Paris, 1805
d'Alembert, Jean. Opuscules mathématiques. 8 vols. Paris, 1761–1780
Davenant, Charles. Discourses on the Public Revenues and Trade. London, 1698
DeBaux, Pierre. Parallèle de la petite vérole naturelle, avec l'artificielle, ou inoculée, avec un traité intermédiare de la petite vérole fausse, volante, ou adultérine. Avignon, 1761
DeHaen, Anton. Réfutation de l'inoculation servant de réponse à deux pieces qui ont paru cette année 1759. Dont la première est une dissertation lue dans la Société de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris par M. de la Condamine, et la seconde, une lettre de Mr. Tyssot. Vienne, 1759
Delacoste, J. Lettre sur l'inoculation de la petite vérole comme elle se pratique en Turquie et en Angleterre. Paris, 1723
DeMoivre, Abraham. Annuities for Life. London, 1725
Déparcieux, Antoine. Essai sur les probabilités de la durée de la vie humaine. Paris, 1746
Derham, William. Physico-Theology or, a Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God from His Works of Creation. Reprint of 4th ed. 1716; New York: Arno Press, 1977
d'Expilly, Jean J. Dictionnaire géographique, historique et politique des gaules et de la France. 1762; Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1978
Dimsdale, Thomas. Observations on the Introduction to the Plan of the Dispensary for General Inoculation. With Remarks on a Pamphlet Entitled “An Examination of a Charge Brought against Inoculation by DeHaen, Rast, Dimsdale, and Other Writers. By John Watkinson, MD.” London, 1778
Dimsdale, Thomas. Thoughts on General and Partial Inoculations. London, 1776
Dodd, William. The Practice of Inoculation Recommended, in a Sermon Preached at St. James's, Westminster, April the 9th, 1767, on the Anniversary Meeting of the Governors of the Small-pox Hospital. London, n.d. [1767]
. “A Letter from Mr. James Dodson to Mr. John Robertson, F. R. S. concerning an Improvement of the Bills of Mortality.” Philosophical Transactions 47 (1753): 333–340CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “A Letter to the Reverend William Brakenridge, D. D. Rector of St. Mich. Bassishaw, and F. R. S. with a Table of the Value of Annuities on Lives.” Philosophical Transactions 49 (1755–1756): 891–892CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “A Letter to the Right Honourable George Earl of Macclesfield, P. R. S. concerning the Value of an Annuity for Life, and the Probability of Survivorship.” Philosophical Transactions 48 (1754): 487–499CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duhamel du Monceau, H. L. “Observations botanico-météorologiques, faites au château de Denainvilliers proche Pluviers en Gâtinois pendant l'année 1754.” Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, 1754 (Paris, 1759), pp. 383–412
Eden, Frederick Morton. An Estimate of the Number of Inhabitants in Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1800
Faiguet de Villeneuve, Joachim. Discours d'un bon citoyen, sur les moyens de multiplier les forces de l'Etat, & d'augmenter la population. Brussels, 1760
Fielding, John. A Plan of the Universal Register Office. London, 1752
. “An Extract of the Register of the Parish of Great Shefford, near Lamborne, in Berkshire, for Ten Years: With Observations on the Same: In a Letter to Tho. Birch, D. D. Secret. R. S. from the Reverend Mr. Richard Forster, Rector of Great Shefford.” Philosophical Transactions 50 (1757): 356–363CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “A Letter to the Rev. Thomas Birch, D. D. Secr. R. S. concerning the Number of People of England; by the Rev. Richard Forster, Rector of Great Shefford in Berkshire.” Philosophical Transactions 50 (1757): 457–465CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fothergill, John. “Some Remarks on the Bills of Mortality in London with an Account of a Late Attempt to Establish an Annual Bill for This Nation.” The Works of John Fothergill. Ed. John Coakley Lettsom. 3 vols. London, 1784
Frewen, Thomas. The Practice and Theory of Inoculation with an Account of Its Success. In a Letter to a Friend. London, 1749
Galiani, l'Abbé Ferdinand. Correspondance. 2 vols. Paris, 1889
Gardeil. “Mémoire sur une épidémie qui a régné à Toulouse pendant l'automne de l'année 1772.” Histoire de la Société Royale de Médecine, 1776 (Paris, 1779), pp. 14–22
Graunt, John. Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality. London, 1662
Graunt, John. Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality. 3rd Edition, Much Enlarged. London, 1665
Graunt, John. Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality. The Fourth Impression. Oxford, 1665
Graunt, John. Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality. The Fifth Edition, Much Enlarged. London, 1676. Reprinted in The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty. Ed. Charles Henry Hull. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899
. “An Estimate of the Degrees of the Mortality of Mankind, Drawn from Curious Tables of the Births and Funerals at the City of Breslaw.” Philosophical Transactions 17–18 (1693): 596–610CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Some Further Considerations on the Breslaw Bills of Mortality.” Philosophical Transactions 17–18 (1693): 654–656CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatton, Edward. An Intire System of Arithmetic: Or Arithmetic in All Its Parts. London, 1721
Hatton, Edward. A New View of London; or, an Ample Account of That City. London, 1708
. “Bills of Mortality for Chester for the Year 1773.” Philosophical Transactions 65 (1775): 85–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haygarth, John. An Inquiry How to Prevent the Small-pox and Proceedings of a Society. Chester, 1785
. “Observations on the Bill of Mortality, in Chester, for the Year 1772.” Philosophical Transactions 64 (1774): 67–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Observations on the Population and Diseases of Chester, in the Year 1774.” Philosophical Transactions 68 (1778): 131–154CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haygarth, John. A Sketch of a Plan to Exterminate the Casual Small-pox from Great Britain; and to Introduce General Inoculation. Vol. 1 (Vol. 2 was never published). London, 1793
. “Of the Increase and Mortality of the Inhabitants of the Island of Madeira.” Philosophical Transactions 57 (1767): 461–463CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heberden, William. Observations on the Increase and Decrease of Different Diseases, and Particularly of the Plague. London, 1801
[Hecquet, Philippe.] Observations sur la saignée du pied, et sur la purgation au commencement de la petite vérole, des fièvres malignes & des grandes maladies. Preuves de décadence dans la pratique de médecine, confirmées par de justes raisons de doute contre l'inoculation. Paris, 1724
Heysham, John. Observations on the Bills of Mortality in Carlisle, for the Year 1787. Carlisle, 1788. Reprinted in The Development of Population Statistics. Ed. D. V. Glass. Farnborough, Hants, Eng.: Gregg International Publishers, 1973
Hillary, William. “An Account of the Principal Variations of the Weather and the Concomitant Epidemical Diseases from 1726 to 1734 at Ripon,” bound with his Essay on the Smallpox. London, 1740
Hooke, Robert. The Diary of Robert Hooke, M. A., M. D., F. R. S., 1672–1680. Ed. Henry W. Robinson and Walter Adams. London: Taylor & Francis, 1935
Hosty, A. Extrait du rapport de M. Hosty, Docteur-Régent de la Faculté de Médecine de Paris, pendant son séjour à Londres, au sujet de l'inoculation. Extrait du Mercure de France, du mois d'AoÛt. Paris, 1755
Houlton, Robert. The Practice of Inoculation Justified. A Sermon Preached at Ingatestone, Essex, October 22, 1766, in Defence of Inoculation. Chelmsford, 1767
Howgrave, Francis. Reasons against the Inoculation of the Small-Pox. In a Letter to Dr. Jurin. London, 1724
[Howlett, John.] Observations on the Increased Population, Healthiness, etc. of Maidstone. [Maidstone], 1782. Reprinted in The Development of Population Statistics. Ed. D. V. Glass. Farnborough, Hants, Eng.: Gregg International Publishers, 1973
Hume, David. Essays: Moral, Political, and Literary. Edinburgh, 1742. In The Philosophical Works of David Hume. Ed. T. H. Green and T. H. Grouse. 4 vols. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1875
Huxham, John. Observations on the Air and Epidemic Diseases from the Year ⅯⅮⅭⅭXXVII to ⅯⅮⅭⅭXXXVII Inclusive; Together with a Short Dissertation on Devonshire Colic. Translated from the Latin Original by His Son, John Corham Huxham. 1739; London: J. Hinton, 1759
Jaubert, P. Des causes de la dépopulation et des moyens d'y remédier. London and Paris, 1767
Jurin, James. An Account of the Success of Inoculating the Small Pox in Great Britain with a Comparison between the Miscarriages in That Practice, and the Mortality of the Natural Small Pox. 2d ed. London, 1724
Jurin, James. An Account of the Success of Inoculating the Small Pox in Great Britain, for the Year 1724. London, 1725
Jurin, James. An Account of the Success of Inoculating the Small-Pox in Great Britain, for the Year 1725. London, 1726
Jurin, James. An Account of the Success of Inoculating the Small-Pox in Great Britain, for the Year 1726. London, 1727
Jurin, James. [Philalethes Cantabrigiensis.] Geometry No Friend to Infidelity; or, a Defence of Sir Isaac Newton and the British Mathematicians. London, 1734
. “A Letter to the Learned Caleb Cotesworth, MD, FRS, of the College of Physicians, and Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital, Containing a Comparison between the Mortality of the Natural Small Pox, and That Given by Inoculation.” Philosophical Transactions 32 (1722–1723): 213–224CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jurin, James. A Letter to the Learned Caleb Cotesworth, MD, FRS, of the College of Physicians, and Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital. Containing a Comparison between the Mortality of the Natural Small Pox, and That Given by Inoculation. Which Is Subjoined an Account of the Success of Inoculation in New-England; As Likewise an Extract from Several Letters concerning a Like Method of Communicating the Small-Pox, That Has Been Used Time out of Mind in South Wales. London, 1723
King, Gregory. Two Tracts: Natural and Political Observations upon the State and Condition of England; and of the Naval Trade of England Anno 1688. Ed. with an introduction by George E. Barnett. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1936
La Condamine, Charles-Marie de. Histoire de l'inoculation de la petite vérole. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1773
La Condamine, Charles-Marie de. Lettres … à M. de Dr. Maty sur l'état présent de l'inoculation en France. Paris, 1764
La Condamine, Charles-Marie de. “Mémoire sur l'inoculation de la petite vérole.” Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, 1754 (Paris, 1759), pp. 615–670
La Condamine, Charles-Marie de. “Second mémoire sur l'inoculation de la petite vérole, contenant la suite de l'histoire de cette méthode & de ses progrès, de 1754 à 1758.” Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, 1758 (Paris, 1763), pp. 439–482
La Condamine, Charles-Marie de. “Suite de l'histoire de l'inoculation de la petite vérole depuis 1758 jusqu'en 1765.” Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, 1765 (Paris, 1768), pp. 505–532
Laplace, Pierre-Simon. A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. Trans. from the 6th French ed. by Frederick Wilson Truscott and Frederick Lincoln Emory, with an introductory note by E. T. Bell. New York: Dover Publications, Inc, 1951
Laplace, Pierre-Simon. “Sur les naissances, les mariages et les morts à Paris, depuis 1771 jusqu'en 1784; et dans toute l'étendue de la France pendant les années 1781 et 1782.” Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, 1783 (Paris, 1786), pp. 693–702
Laplace, Pierre-Simon. Théorie analytique des probabilités. Paris, 1812
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent. De la richesse territoriale de la royaume de France. Texts and Documents presented by Jean-Claude Perrot. Paris: Editions de C. T. H. S., 1988 [1784]
[LeHoc.] L'Inoculation de la petite vérole renvoyée à Londres. A la Haye, 1764
MacKenzie, James. The History of Health and the Art of Preserving It. The Third Edition: To Which Is Added, a Short and Clear Account of the Commencement, Progress, Utility, and Proper Management of Inoculating the Small-Pox, As a Valuable Branch of the Prophylaxis. Edinburgh, 1760
Macquart, Louis-Charles-Henri. Extrait d'une question sur l'inoculation de la petite vérole. Inserted in Journal de Médecine du mois de Février 1755. n.p., n.d
Madier. “Mémoire sur la topographie médicale de Bourg-Saint-Andéol.” Histoire de la Société Royale de Médecine, 1780–1781 (Paris, 1785), pp. 95–152
Maitland, Charles. Mr. Maitland's Account of Inoculating the Small Pox. London, 1722
Maitland, Charles. Mr. Maitland's Account of Inoculating the Small Pox. 2d ed. London, 1723
Malouin, Paul-Jacques. “Histoire des maladies épidémiques de 1754. Observées à Paris en même temps que les différentes températures de l'air.” Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, 1754 (Paris, 1759), p. 499
Marx, Karl. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Trans. from 2d German ed. by N. I. Stone. New York: International Library Publishing Co., 1904 [1859]
Massey, Edmund. A Letter to Mr. Maitland, in Vindication of the Sermon against Inoculation. London, 1722
Massey, Edmund. A Sermon against the Dangerous and Sinful Practice of Inoculation. Preach'd at St. Andrew's Holborn. On Sunday, July the 8th, 1722. London, 1722
Massey, Isaac. Remarks on Dr. Jurin's Last Yearly Account of the Success of Inoculation. London, 1727
Massey, Isaac. A Short and Plain Account of Inoculation with Some Remarks on the Main Arguments Made Use of to Recommend That Practice, by Mr. Maitland and Others. 2d ed. London, 1723
[Mather, Cotton.] An Account of the Method and Success of Inoculating the Small-Pox in Boston in New England. London, 1722
Mauduyt, P. J. C. “Mémoire sur le traitement électrique, administré à quatre-vingt-deux malades.” Histoire de la Société Royale de Médecine, 1777–1778 (Paris, 1780), pp. 199–431
Messance, Louis. Recherches sur la population des généralités d'Auvergne, de Lyon, de Rouen, et de quelques provinces et villes du royaume, avec des réflexions sur la valeur du beld tant en France qu'en Angleterre, depuis 1674 jusqu'en 1764. Paris, 1766
Mirabeau, Victor de Riqueti, Marquis de. L'Ami des hommes ou traité de la population. 2 vols. Reimpression of the Avignon edition, 1758–1760. Darmstadt: Scientia Verlag Aalen, 1970
Moheau, Jean-Baptiste. Recherches et considérations sur la population de la France. Reedition annotated by Éric Vilquin. 1778; Paris: Institut National d'Études Démographiques, Presses Universitaires de France, 1994
Monro, Alexander. An Account of Inoculation of Small Pox in Scotland. Edinburgh, 1765
Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat. De l'esprit des lois. Paris, 1748
Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat. Persian Letters. Trans. John Davidson. 1721; London: George Routledge & Sons
Montucla, Jean Etienne. Recueil de pièces concernant l'inoculation de la petite vérole, et propres à en prouver la sécurité et l'utilité. Paris, 1756
Morand, Jean. “Récapitulation des baptêmes, mariages, mortuaires & enfans trouvés de la ville & faubourgs de Paris, depuis l'année 1709 jusques et compris l'année 1770.” Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris, 1771 (Paris, 1774), pp. 830–848
Morris, Corbyn. An Essay towards Illustrating the Science of Insurance. London, 1747
Morris, Corbyn. Observations on the Past Growth and Present State of the City of London. London, 1751
Mourgue, Jacques-Augustin. Essai de statistique. Paris, an IX
. “Plan d'observations sur la cause des variations de l'atmosphere.” Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Montpellier, 1772Google Scholar
Neal, David. A Narrative of the Method and Success of Inoculating the Small Pox in New England. By Mr. Benjamin Colman … To Which Is Now Prefixed, an Historical Introduction. London, 1722
. De l'administration des finances de la France. 1784
Nettleton, Thomas. An Account of the Success of Inoculating the Small-Pox; in a Letter to Dr. William Whitaker. London, 1722
. “Part of a Letter from Dr. Nettleton.” Philosophical Transactions 32 (1722–1723): 209-212CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noguez, Pierre. Relation du succès de l'inoculation de la petite vérole dans la Grande Bretagne Par Mr. Jurin. Traduit de l'Anglois. Cet ouvrage est augmenté d'un discours préliminaire sur la pétite vérole, & d'une dissertation sur la Transpiration. Paris, 1725
. “Essay on the Small-Pox and Measles.” Medical Observations and Inquiries 5 (1789): 283–289Google Scholar
Percival, Thomas. Further Observations on the State of Population in Manchester, and Other Adjacent Places. Manchester, 1774
. “Observations on the State of Population in Manchester, and Other Adjacent Places.” Philosophical Transactions 64 (1774): 54–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Observations on the State of Population in Manchester, and Other Adjacent Places, Concluded.” Philosophical Transactions 65 (1775): 322–335CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petty, William. Another Essay in Political Arithmetick, concerning the Growth of the City of London (1682). In The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty. Ed. Charles H. Hull. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, vol. 2, pp. 451–478
Petty, William. The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty. Ed. Charles Henry Hull. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899
Petty, William. Five Essays in Political Arithmetick [1687]. In The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty. Ed. Charles H. Hull. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899, vol. 2, pp. 521–544
Petty, William. Further Observations upon the Dublin Bills [1686]. In The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty. 2 vols. Ed. Charles H. Hull. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899, vol. 2, pp. 493–498
Petty, William. Observations upon the Dublin Bills of Mortality [1683]. In The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty. 2 vols. Ed. Charles H. Hull. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899, vol. 2, pp. 479–491
Petty, William. The Petty Papers: Some Unpublished Writings of Sir William Petty. Ed. Marquis of Lansdowne. 2 vols. London: Constable & Co., 1927
Petty, William. The Petty-Southwell Correspondence, 1676–1687. Ed. Marquis of Lansdowne. London: Constable & Co., 1928
Petty, William. Political Arithmetick [1690]. In The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty. 2 vols. Ed. Charles H. Hull. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899, vol. 1, pp. 233–313
Petty, William. Two Essays in Political Arithmetick [1687]. The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty. 2 vols. Ed. Charles H. Hull. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899, vol. 2, pp. 501–513
. “A Scheme of a Diary of the Weather, Together with Draughts and Descriptions of Machines Subservient Thereunto.” Philosophical Transactions 43, no. 473 (1744): 1–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pommelles, Jean Christophe Sandrier des. Tableau de la population de toutes les provinces de France. n.p., 1789
Price, Richard. An Essay on the Population of England. 2d ed. London, 1780
. “Further Proofs of the Insalubrity of Marshy Situations.” Philosophical Transactions 64 (1774): 96–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, Richard. Observations on Reversionary Payments. 2 vols. 7th ed. London, 1812. [First ed., 1769]
. “Observations on the Difference between the Duration of Human Life in Towns and in Country Parishes and Villages.” Philosophical Transactions 65 (1775): 424–445CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Observations on the Expectations of Lives, the Increase of Mankind, the Influence of Great Towns on Population, and Particularly the State of London with Respect to Healthfulness and Number of Inhabitants.” Philosophical Transactions 59 (1769): 89–125CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Observations on the Proper Method of Calculating the Values of Reversions Depending on Survivorship.” Philosophical Transactions 60 (1770): 268–276CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “An Account of Baptisms, Marriages, and Burials during Forty Years, in the Parish of Blandford Forum, Dorset.” Philosophical Transactions 68 (1778): 615-621CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. Nova et tuta variolas excitandi per transplantationem methodus; nuper inventa et in usum tracta: que rite peracta immunia in posterum praeservantur ab hujusmodi contagio corpora. Venice, 1715. Reprinted in Philosophical Transactions 29 (1716): 393-399
Quesnay, François. “Précis de l'organisation, ou mémoire sur les états provinciaux, avec des Questions intéressantes sur la population, l'agriculture et le commerce.” In Victor de Riqueti, Marquis de Mirabeau. L'ami des hommes ou traité de la population. Vol. 2, Part 4. Reimpression of the Avignon edition, 1758–1760. Darmstadt: Scientia Verlag Aalen, 1970
Quesnay, François. Tableau Économique. Ed. with new material, translations, and notes by Marguerite Kuczynski and Ronald L. Meek. 1758. London: Macmillan, 1972
Raymond. “Sur la topographie médicale de Marseille & de son territoire, & sur celle des lieux voisins de cette ville.” Histoire de la Société Royale de Médecine, 1777–1778 (Paris, 1780), pp. 66–140
Razoux, Jean. Tables nosologiques et météorologiques très-étendues dressés à l'Hôtel-Dieu de Nismes depuis le premier juin 1757 jusques au premier janvier 1762. Basle, 1767
Renaudin. “Mémoire sur le sol, les habitans et les maladies de la Province d'Alsace.” In Recueil d'observations de médecine des hôpitaux militaires. Ed. François-Marie-Claude Richard de Hautesierck. 2 vols. Paris, 1782, vol. 2, pp. 6–48
Richard de Hautesierck, François-Marie-Claude, ed. Recueil d'observations de médecine des hôpitaux militaires. 2 vols. Paris, 1766 and 1782
Rickman, John. “Thoughts on the Utility and Facility of Ascertaining the Population.” The Commercial and Agricultural Magazine 2 (1800): 391–399. Reprinted in Numbering the People: The Eighteenth-Century Population Controversy and the Development of Census and Vital Statistics in Britain. Ed. D. V. Glass. Farnborough, Hants, Eng.: Saxon House, 1973, pp. 106–113
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract. Trans. Maurice Cranston. 1762. New York: Penguin Books, 1982
Rutty, John. A Chronological History of the Weather and Seasons, and of the Prevailing Diseases in Dublin. With Their Various Periods, Successions, and Revolutions, during the Space of Forty Years. With a Comparative View of the Difference of the Irish Climate and Diseases, and Those of England and Other Countries. London, 1770
Saugrain, Claude. Dictionnaire universel de la France ancienne et moderne. Paris, 1726
Saugrain, Claude. Nouveau dénombrement du royaume par generalitez, élections, paroisses et feux. Paris, 1720
Scheuchzer, John Gasper. An Account of the Success of Inoculating the Small-Pox in Great Britain, for the Years 1727 and 1728. London, 1729
Schultz, David. An Account of Inoculation. Trans. from the Swedish. London, 1758
Séjour, Achille-Pierre Dionis du, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas, Caritat de Condorcet, and Pierre-Simon, de Laplace. “Pour connoître la Population du Royaume, et le nombre des habitans de la campagne, en adaptant sur chacune des Cartes de M. Cassini, l'année commune des Naissances, tant des Villes que des Bourgs et des Villages.” Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, 1783 (Paris, 1786), pp. 703–718
Short, Thomas. A Comparative History of the Increase and Decrease of Mankind and Several Countries Abroad According to the Different Soils, Business of Life, Use of the Non-Naturals, &c. London, 1767
Short, Thomas. New Observations, Natural, Moral, Civil, Political, and Medical, on City, Town, and Country Bills of Mortality. London, 1750
[Short, Thomas.] A General Chronological History of the Air, Weather, Seasons, Meteors &c. in Sundry Places and Different Times. London, 1749
Simpson, Thomas. The Doctrine of Annuities and Reversions. London, 1742
Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Ed. Edwin Cannan. 1776; New York: The Modern Library, 1937
Sprat, Thomas. History of the Royal Society. Ed. with an introduction and notes by Jackson I. Cope and Harold Whitmore Jones. 1667; St. Louis: Washington University Studies, 1959
Stow, William. Remarks on London: Being an Exact Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster. London, 1722
Süssmilch, Johann Peter. Die Göttliche Ordnung. Berlin, 1741
. The Inoculator, or Suttonian System of Inoculation. 1796
Tenon, Jacques. Memoirs on Paris Hospitals. Trans. with an Introduction and Notes and Appendices by Dora B. Weiner. Science History Publications, 1996 [1788]
. “An Account or History, of the Procuring the Small Pox by Incision, or Inoculation; As It Has for Some Time Been Practised at Constantinople.” Philosophical Transactions 29 (1714): 72–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tissot, Samuel Auguste André David. L'Inoculation justifiée ou dissertation pratique et apologétique sur cette méthode. Lausanne, 1754
Tour, Louis Brion de la. Tableau de la population de la France avec les citations des auteurs. Paris, 1789
Tronchin, Théodore. “L'Inoculation.” Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers. 1st ed. Vol. 8. Neufchastel, 1765
Vauban, Sebastien le Prestre de. Projet d'une Dixme Royale suivre de deux écrits financiers. Ed. E. Coornaert. 1707; Paris: F. Alcan, 1933
Voltaire, François Marie Arouet. Letters concerning the English Nation. Ed. with notes and introduction by Nicholas Cronk. 1733; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994
Voltaire, François Marie Arouet. Lettres philosophiques. Paris, 1734
Wagstaffe, William. A Letter to Dr. Freind Shewing the Danger and Uncertainty of Inoculating the Small Pox. London, 1722
Wagstaffe, William. Lettre au Docteur Freind: Montrant le danger et l'incertitude d'inserer la petite vérole. Anonymous trans. London, 1722
Wales, William. An Inquiry into the Present State of Population in England and Wales. London, 1781. Reprinted in The Population Controversy. Ed. D. V. Glass. Farnborough, Hants, Eng.: Gregg International Publishers, 1973
Wallace, Robert. A Dissertation on the Numbers of Mankind in Ancient and Modern Times: In Which the Superior Populousness of Antiquity Is Maintained. Edinburgh, 1753
Watkinson, John. An Examination of a Charge Brought against Inoculation, by DeHaen, Dimsdale, and Other Writers. London, 1778
Watson, William. An Account of a Series of Experiments, Instituted with a View of Ascertaining the Most Successful Method of Inoculating the Small-Pox. London, 1768
Williams, Perrott. Some Remarks upon Dr. Wagstaff's [sic] Letter against Inoculating the Small-Pox. In a Letter to Himself, Defending That Practice. London, 1725
Wintringham, Clifton. Commentarium Nosologicum Morbos Epidemicos et Aeris Variationes in Urbe Eboracensi Locisque Vicinis. London, 1733
Wood, Anthony. Athenae Oxonienses: An Exact History of All the Writers and Bishops Who Have Had Their Education in the Most Antient and Famous University of Oxford. London: Knaplock, Midwinter, and Tonson, [1721]
Woodville, William. The History of the Inoculation of the Small-Pox in Great Britain. Vol. 1 [Vol. 2 never published]. London, 1796
Young, Arthur. Political Arithmetic. London, 1774
[Young, Arthur.] Proposals to the Legislature for Numbering the People; Containing Some Observations on the Population of Great Britain, and a Sketch of the Advantages That Would Probably Accrue from an Exact Knowledge of Its Present State. By the Author of the Tours through England. London: W. Nicoll, 1771. Reprinted in The Development of Population Statistics. Ed. D. V. Glass. Farnborough, Hants, Eng.: Gregg International Publishers, 1973
Abraham, James Johnston. Lettsom – His Life, Times, Friends and Descendants. London: William Heinemann, 1933
Ackerknecht, Erwin. Medicine at the Paris Hospital, 1794–1848. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1967
Alder, Ken. Engineering the Revolution: Arms and Enlightenment in France, 1763–1815. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1997
Ariès, Philippe. Western Attitudes toward Death from the Middle Ages to the Present. Trans. Patricia M. Ranum. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974
Baigrie, Brian S., ed. Picturing Knowledge: Historical and Philosophical Problems concerning the Use of Art in Science. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996CrossRef
Baker, Keith. Condorcet: From Natural Philosophy to Social Mathematics. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1975
Baker, Keith. Inventing the French Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990
Beattie, Lester M. John Arbuthnot – Mathematician and Satirist. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1935
“Des tables de mortalité aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Histoire – signification.” Annales de Démographie Historique (1976): 173–200CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bevan, William L. Sir William Petty: A Study in English Economic Literature. Baltimore: American Economic Association, 1894
Boislisle, A. M. de, ed. Mémoires des Intendants sur l'état des généralités. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1881
Bonar, James. Theories of Population from Raleigh to Arthur Young. 1929; New York: Augustus M. Kelley, Reprints of Economic Classics, 1966
. “An Example of Political Arithmetic: The Evaluation of Spa Therapy at the Georgian Bath Infirmary, 1742–1830.” Medical History 45 (2000): 149–172Google Scholar
Bosher, J. F. “French Administration and Public Finance in Their European Setting.” In The New Cambridge Modern History. Ed. A. Goodwin. Vol. 8: The American and French Revolutions, 1763–1793. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965, pp. 565–591
Bourguet, Marie-Noëlle. Déchiffrer la France: La statistique départementale à l'époque napoléonienne. Paris: Editions des Archives Contemporaines, 1988
Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Susan Leigh Star. Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. Cambridge and London: The MIT Press, 1999
Bradley, L. Smallpox Inoculation: An Eighteenth Century Mathematical Controversy. Nottingham: University of Nottingham, 1971
Brewer, John. The Sinews of Power. New York: Knopf, 1989
Brian, Éric. La mesure de l'état: Administrateurs et géomètres au XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Albin Michel, 1994
Brian, Éric. “Moyens de connaître les plumes. Étude lexicométrique.” In Jean-Baptiste Moheau. Recherches et considérations sur la population de la France. Reedition annotated by Eric Vilquin. Paris: Institut National d'Études Démographiques, Presses Universitaires de France, 1994, pp. 383–396
Brockliss, Laurence, and Colin Jones. The Medical World of Early Modern France. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997
Bru, Bernard. “De La Michodière à Moheau: L'évaluation de la population par les naissances.” In Jean-Baptiste Moheau. Recherches et considérations sur la population de la France, Reedition annotated by Eric Vilquin. Paris: Institut National d'Études Démographiques, Presses Universitaires de France, 1994, pp. 493–516
Bru, Bernard. “Estimations Laplaciennes.” Estimations et sondages. Ed. Jacques Mairesse. Paris: Economica, 1988, pp. 7–46
Brunton, Deborah. “‘Pox Britannica’: Smallpox Inoculation in Britain, 1721–1830.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1990
. “People Who Counted: Political Arithmetic in the Eighteenth Century.” Isis 73 (1982): 28–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Seventeenth-Century Political Arithmetic: Civil Strife and Vital Statistics.” Isis 68 (1977): 67–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buer, M. C. Health, Wealth and Population in the Early Days of the Industrial Revolution. 1926; New York: Howard Fertig, 1968
Burn, John Southerden. Registrum Ecclesiae Parochialis: The History of Parish Registers in England. 2d ed. 1862; republished by East Ardsley, Eng.: EP Publishing Limited, 1976
Bynum, W. F. “Nosology.” Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine. Ed. W. F. Bynum and Roy Porter. 2 vols. London and New York: Routledge, 1993, vol. 1, pp. 335–356
Cabourdin, Guy, and Jacques Dupâquier. “Les sources et les institutions.” In Histoire de la population française. Ed. Jacques Dupâquier. Vol. 2: De la Renaissance à 1789. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1988, pp. 9–50
Capp, Bernard. Astrology and the Popular Press – English Almanacs, 1500–1800. London: Faber & Faber, 1979
Cassedy, James H. American Medicine and Statistical Thinking, 1800–1860. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984
Cassedy, James H. Demography in Early America: Beginnings of the Statistical Mind, 1600–1800. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969CrossRef
Cassedy, James H. “Medicine and the Rise of Statistics.” In Medicine in Seventeenth Century England. Ed. Allen G. Debus. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974, pp. 283–312
Charlot, E., and Jacques Dupâquier. “Mouvement annuel de la population de la ville de Paris de 1670 à 1821.” Annales de démographie historique (1967): 511–519
Christie, James. Some Account of Parish Clerks, More Especially of the Ancient Fraternity (Bretherne and Sisterne), of S. Nicholas, Now Known as the Worshipful Company of Parish Clerks. London, 1893
Clark, Geoffrey. Betting on Lives: The Culture of Life Insurance in England, 1695–1775. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1999
Clark, William. “On the Table Manners of Academic Examination.” In Wissenschaft als kulturelle Praxis, 1750–1900. Ed. Hans Erich Bödecker, Peter Hanns Reill, and Jürgen Schlumbohm. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1999, pp. 33–67
Cochran, W. G. “Laplace's Ratio Estimator.” In Contributions to Survey Sampling and Applied Statistics. Ed. H. A. David. New York: Wiley, 1978, pp. 3–10
Cohen, Patricia Cline. A Calculating People – The Spread of Numeracy in Early America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982
Cohen, Patricia Cline. “Death and Taxes: The Domain of Numbers in Eighteenth Century Popular Culture.” In Science and Technology in the Eighteenth Century. Ed. Stephen Cutcliffe. n.p., n.d., pp. 51–69
. “Statistics and the State: Changing Social Thought and the Emergence of a Quantitative Mentality in America, 1790–1820.” William and Mary Quarterly 38 (1981): 35–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, Joshua. The Power of Large Numbers: Population, Politics, and Gender in Nineteenth-Century France. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2000
Coleman, William. Death is a Social Disease: Public Health and Political Economy in Early Industrial France. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1982
Coleman, William. “Inventing Demography: Montyon on Hygiene and the State.” In Transformations and Tradition in the Sciences: Essays in Honor of I. Bernard Cohen. Ed. Everett Mendelsohn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984, pp. 215–235
. “Éléments historique de l'utilisation de la méthode statistique en médecine.” Histoire des sciences médicales 13 (1979): 121–130Google Scholar
Cook, Harold. The Decline of the Old Medical Regime in Stuart London. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986
Courlieu. A. L'Ancienne Faculté de Médecine de Paris. Paris, 1877
Creighton, Charles. A History of Epidemics in Great Britain. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1891
Cullen, M. J. The Statistical Movement in Early Victorian Britain. New York: The Harvester Press, 1975
Darmon, Pierre. La longue traque de la vérole: Les pionniers de la médecine préventive. Collection Pour l'Histoire. Paris: Perrin, 1986
Darmon, Pierre. La variole, les nobles et les princes: La petite vérole mortelle de Louis XV. Brussels: Éditions Complexe, 1989
Darnton, Robert. The Literary Underground of the Old Regime. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982
. “Baconian Facts, Academic Civility and the Prehistory of Objectivity.” Annals of Science 8 (1991): 337–364Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine. Classical Probability in the Enlightenment. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1988
Daston, Lorraine. “The Domestication of Risk: Mathematical Probability and Insurance, 1650–1830.” In The Probabilistic Revolution. Ed. Lorenz Krüger, Lorraine J. Daston, and Michael Heidelberger. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987, vol. 1, pp. 237–260
. “The Ideal and Reality of the Republic of Letters in the Enlightenment.” Science in Context 2 (1991): 367–386Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine. “Rational Individuals versus Laws of Society: From Probability to Statistics.” In The Probabilistic Revolution. Ed. Lorenz Krüger, Lorraine J. Daston, and Michael Heidelberger. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987, vol. 1, pp. 295–304
De Beer, G. R. Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953
. “Nosology, Mortality, and Disease Theory in the Eighteenth Century.” Journal of the History of Medicine 54 (1999): 261–284Google ScholarPubMed
Delaunay, Paul. Le monde médical parisien au dix-huitième siècle. Paris: J. Rousset, 1906
Desrosières, Alain. La politique des grand nombres: Histoire de la raison statistique. Paris: Éditions la Découverte, 1993
Dobson, Mary J. Contours of Death and Disease in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997
Donnelly, Michael. “On Foucault's Uses of the Notion ‘Biopower.’” In Michel Foucault, Philosopher. Trans. Timothy J. Armstrong. New York: Routledge, 1992
Douglas, Mary. How Institutions Think. Syracuse, N. Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1986
“Les Premiers Essais d'évaluation de la Population Mondiale et l'idée de Dépopulation au XVIIe siècle.” Annales de Démographie Historique (1977): 421-429CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dulieu, Louis. La Médecine à Montpellier. 2 vols. Paris: Les Presses Universelles, 1972
Dupâquier, Jacques, ed. Histoire de la population française. Vols. 1 and 2. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1988
Dupâquier, Jacques, Pour la démographie historique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1984
Dupâquier, Jacques, and Michel Dupâquier. Histoire de la démographie. Paris: Perrin, 1985
Dupâquier, Jacques, and Eric Vilquin. “Le Pouvoir royal et la statistique démographique.” In Pour une histoire de la statistique. 2 Vols. Paris: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques, 1976, vol. 1, pp. 83–104
Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early-Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979
“The Functions of Numerical Data in the Writings of Graunt, Petty, and Davenant.” History of Political Economy 17 (1985): 245–264CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esmonin, Edmond. Études sur la France des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1964
. “Montyon, véritable auteur des Recherches et considérations sur la population, de Moheau.” Population 13 (1958): 269–282CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Quantitative Observations of Fever and its Treatment before the Advent of Short Clinical Thermometers.” Medical History 35 (1991): 189–216CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faure, Fernand. “The Development and Progress of Statistics in France.” In The History of Statistics: Memoirs to Commemorate the 75th Anniversary of the American Statistical Association. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1918, pp. 219–329
Favre, Robert. La mort dans la littérature et la pensée françaises au siècle des lumières. Lyon: Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1978
Feldman, Theodore S. “Late Enlightenment Meteorology.” In The Quantifying Spirit in the 18th Century. Ed. Tore Frängsmyr, J. L. Heilbron, and Robin E. Rider. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990, pp. 143–178
Fitzmaurice, Edmond. The Life of Sir William Petty, 1623–1687. London: John Murray, 1895
Forbes, Thomas R. “By What Disease or Casualty: The Changing Face of Death in London.” In Health, Medicine and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century. Ed. Charles Webster. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, pp. 117–139
Foucault, Michel. The Birth of the Clinic. Trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith. 1963; New York: Vintage Books, 1975
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Trans. Alan Sheridan. 1975; New York: Vintage Books, 1979
Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. Vol. 1: An Introduction. Trans. Robert Hurley. 1976; New York: Vintage Books, 1980
Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things. [An anonymous translation of Les mots et les choses.] 1966; New York: Vintage Books, 1970
Foucault, Michel. “The Politics of Health in the Eighteenth Century.” In Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977. Ed. Colin Gordon. Trans. Colin Gordon, Leo Marshall, John Mepham, and Kate Soper. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980, pp. 166–182
Frängsmyr, Tore, J. L. Heilbron, and Robin E. Rider, eds. The Quantifying Spirit in the 18th Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990
Frank, Robert G., Jr. Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980
Frisinger, H. Howard. The History of Meteorology to 1800. New York: Science History Publications, 1977
Gay, Peter. The Enlightenment. 2 vols. New York: Norton, 1966, 1969
Gille, Bertrand. Les sources statistiques de l'histoire de France; Des enquêtes du XVIIe siècle à 1870. Geneva: Droz, 1964
“Probability and Politics: Laplace, Condorcet, and Turgot.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 116 (1972): 1–20Google Scholar
Gillispie, Charles C.. Science and Polity in France at the End of the Old Regime. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1980
Gittings, Clare. Death, Burial and the Individual in Early Modern England. London and Sydney: Croom Helm, 1984
Glacken, Clarence J. Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1967
Glass, D. V. The Development of Population Statistics. Farnborough, Hants, Eng.: Gregg International Publishers, 1973
. “John Graunt and his ‘Natural and Political Observations.’” Notes and Records of the Royal Society 19 (1964): 63–100CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glass, D. V.. Numbering the People: The Eighteenth-Century Population Controversy and the Development of Census and Vital Statistics in Britain. London and New York: Gordon & Cremonesi, 1973
Glass, D. V.. The Population Controversy. Farnborough, Hants, Eng.: Gregg International Publishers, 1973
Glass, D. V., and D. E. C. Eversley, eds. Population in History – Essays in Historical Demography. London: Edward Arnold, 1965
Goldgar, Anne. Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680–1750. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995CrossRef
. “Foucault among the Sociologists: The ‘Disciplines’ and the History of the Professions.” History and Theory 23 (1984): 170–192CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golinski, Jan. “Barometers of Change: Meteorological Instruments as Machines of the Enlightenment.” In The Sciences in Enlightened Europe. Ed. William Clark, Jan Golinski, and Simon Schaffer. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1999, pp. 69–93
Golinski, Jan. Making Natural Knowledge: Constructivism and the History of Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998
Golinski, Jan. “‘The Nicety of Experiment’: Precision of Measurement and Precision of Reasoning in Late Eighteenth-Century Chemistry.” In The Values of Precision. Ed. M. Norton Wise. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 72–91
Goodman, Dena. The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1994
Goubert, Jean-Pierre. Malades et médecins en Bretagne, 1770–1790. Rennes: Institut Armoricain de Recherches Historiques, 1974
Greenwood, Major. Medical Statistics from Graunt to Farr. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948
. “Medical Advance and Female Fame: Inoculation and its After-Effects.” Lumen 13 (1994): 13–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Biopower and the Avalanche of Printed Numbers.” Humanities in Society 5 (1982): 279–295Google Scholar
Hacking, Ian. The Emergence of Probability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975
. “Karl Pearson's History of Statistics.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 32 (1981): 177–183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacking, Ian. “Prussian Numbers, 1860–1882.” In The Probabilistic Revolution. Ed. Lorenz Krüger, Lorraine J. Daston, and Michael Heidelberger. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987, vol. 1, pp. 377–394
Hacking, Ian. The Taming of Chance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990
Hahn, Roger. The Anatomy of a Scientific Institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1660–1800. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971
Hald, Anders. A History of Probability and Statistics and Their Applications before 1750. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1990
Hankins, Thomas L. Jean d'Alembert – Science and the Enlightenment. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970
Hannaway, Caroline. “Environment and Miasmata.” In Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine. Ed. W. F. Bynum and Roy Porter. Vol. 1. London and New York: Routledge, 1993, pp. 296–300
Hannaway, Caroline. “Medicine, Public Welfare and the State in Eighteenth-Century France: The Société Royale de Médecine of Paris (1776–1793).” Ph.D. thesis, Johns Hopkins University, 1974
. “The Société Royale de Médecine and Epidemics in the Ancien Régime.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 46 (1972): 257–273Google Scholar
Hasquin, Hervé. “Le débat sur la dépopulation dans l'Europe des lumières.” In Jean-Baptiste Moheau, Recherches et considérations sur la population de la France. Reedition annotated by Eric Vilquin. Paris: Institut National d'Études Démographiques, Presses Universitaires de France, 1994, pp. 397–424
Hecht, Jacqueline. “L'idée du dénombrement jusqu'à la révolution.” In Pour une Histoire de la Statistique. 2 Vols. Paris: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques, 1976, vol. 1, pp. 21–81
Heilbron, J. L. “A Mathematical Mutiny, with Morals.” In World Changes: Thomas Kuhn and the Nature of Science. Ed. Paul Horwich. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993, pp. 81–129
Heilbron, J. L.. Physics at the Royal Society during Newton's Presidency. Los Angeles: William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 1983
Henry, L. Manuel de démographie historique. Geneva and Paris: Droz, 1967
Hill, Christopher. The World Turned Upside Down. New York: Penguin Books, 1975
Hollingsworth, T. H. Historical Demography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976
Hopkins, Donald R. Princes and Peasants: Smallpox in History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983
Hoppen, K. Theodore. The Common Scientist in the Seventeenth Century – A Study of the Dublin Philosophical Society, 1683–1708. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1970
. “Political Arithmetic in Eighteenth-Century England.” Economic History Review 49 (1996): 516–540CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, Margaret C. Scientific Culture and the Making of the Industrial West. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997
Jardine, Lisa. Francis Bacon: Discovery and the Art of Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974
Johannisson, Karin. “Society in Numbers: The Debate over Quantification in Eighteenth Century Political Economy.” In The Quantifying Spirit in the Eighteenth Century. Ed. Tore Frängsmyr, J. L. Heilbron, and Robin E. Rider. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990, pp. 343–362
Johns, Adrian. The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998CrossRef
Jones, Colin. “La Vie et les revendications des étudiants en médecine à Montpellier au XVIIIe siècle.” Actes du 110e Congrès National des Sociétés Savantes. Montpellier, 1985, pp. 117–128
Jones, Colin, and Michael Sonenscher. “The Social Functions of the Hospital in Eighteenth-Century France: The Case of the Hôtel-Dieu of Nîmes.” In Colin Jones. The Charitable Imperative: Hospitals and Nursing in Ancien Regime and Revolutionary France. London and New York: Routledge, 1989, pp. 48–86
Jordanova, Ludmilla. “Earth Science and Environmental Medicine: The Synthesis of the Late Enlightenment.” In Images of the Earth: Essays in the History of the Environmental Sciences. Ed. L. J. Jordanova and Roy Porter. British Society for the History of Science, 1979, pp. 119–146
. “John Graunt, Francis Bacon, and the Royal Society: The Reception of Statistics.” Journal of the History of Medicine 18 (1963): 337–348Google Scholar
Kargon, Robert. Science in Victorian Manchester: Expertise and Enterprise. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977
Keynes, Geoffrey Langdon. A Bibliography of Sir William Petty F. R. S. and of the Observations on the Bills of Mortality by John Graunt F. R. S.. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971
King, Lester. Medical Thinking – A Historical Preface. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1982
. “Quand une population est-elle une nation? Quand une nation est-elle un état? La démographie et l'émergence d'un dilemme moderne, 1770–1870.” Population 6 (1992): 1639–1656CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krüger, Lorenz, Lorraine J. Daston, and Michael Heidelberger, eds. The Probabilistic Revolution. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987
Kuczynski, R. R. “British Demographers' Opinions on Fertility, 1660–1760.” In Political Arithmetic – A Symposium of Population Studies. Ed. Lancelot Hogben. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1938, pp. 283–327
Kuhn, Thomas S. The Essential Tension. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977
Kula, Witold. Measures and Men. Trans. Richard Szreter. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1986
Kwass, Michael. Privilege and the Politics of Taxation in Eighteenth-Century France: Liberté, Égalité, Fiscalité. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000
LaBerge, Ann. Mission and Method: The Early Nineteenth-Century French Public Health Movement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992CrossRef
Latour, Bruno. Science in Action. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987
. “Visualization and Cognition: Thinking with Eyes and Hands.” Knowledge and Society: Studies in the Sociology of Culture Past and Present 6 (1986): 1–40Google Scholar
Lawrence, Susan C. Charitable Knowledge: Hospital Pupils and Practitioners in Eighteenth-Century London. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996CrossRef
Lazard, Pierre. Vauban, 1633–1707. Paris: F. Alcan, 1934
“Notes on the History of Quantification in Sociology: Trends, Sources and Problems.” Isis 52 (1961): 277–333CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lecuir, J. “Deux siècles après: Montyon, véritable auteur des Recherches et considérations sur la population de la France, de Moheau.” Annales de démographie historique (1979): 195–249
. “The Statistician's Role in Society: The Institutional Establishment of Statistics in France.” Minerva 25 (1987): 35–55CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le Roy Ladurie, E., and J. P. Desaive, “Étude par ordinateur des données météorologiques constituées par les correspondants de la Société Royale de Médecine (1776–1792).” In Jean-Paul Desaive, Jean-Pierre Goubert, Emmanuel le Roy Ladurie, Jean Meyer, Otto Muller, and Jean-Pierre Peter. Médecins, climat et épidémies à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Mouton, 1972, pp. 23–134
Letwin, William. The Origins of Scientific Economics – English Economic Thought, 1660–1776. London: Methuen, 1963
Levasseur, Emile. La Population Française. 3 vols. Paris: Arthur Rousseau, 1889
Lobo, Francis M. “John Haygarth, Smallpox and Religious Dissent in Eighteenth-Century England.” In The Medical Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century. Ed. Andrew Cunningham and Roger French. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 217–253
“Towards the Problem of the Historical Nature of Psychological Processes.” International Journal of Psychology 6 (1971): 259–272CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “The Weather and Diseases: Some 18th-Century Contributions to Observational Meteorology.” Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 9 (1952): 300-307CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, J. Rosser. Quantification and the Quest for Medical Certainty. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1995
Maulitz, Russell C. Morbid Appearances: The Anatomy of Pathology in the Early Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987CrossRef
. “Inoculating the Urban Poor in the Late Eighteenth Century.” British Journal for the History of Science 30 (1997): 291–305CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCloy, Shelby T. The Humanitarian Movement in Eighteenth-Century France. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1957
McManners, John. Death and the Enlightenment. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981
Mercer, Alex. Disease, Mortality and Population in Transition: Epidemiological-Demographic Change in England since the Eighteenth Century as Part of a Global Phenomenon. Leicester, London, and New York: Leicester University Press, 1990
. “Une enquête de l'Académie de médecine sur les épidémies (1774–1794).” Annales – Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations 21 (1966): 729–749CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, Genevieve. The Adoption of Inoculation for Smallpox in England and France. Philadephia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1957
. “Putting Lady Mary in Her Place: A Discussion of Historical Causation.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 55 (1981): 2–16Google ScholarPubMed
. “Rationality and Control in French Eighteenth-Century Medical Views of the Peasantry.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 21 (1979): 82–112CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
. “The Enlightenment and the Sciences of Man.” History of Science 18 (1980): 247–268CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“Medical Knowledge and Statistical Methods in Early Nineteenth Century France.” Medical History 25 (1981): 301–319CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Musson, A. E., and Eric Robinson. Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1968
. “‘To Methodize and Regulate Them’: William Petty's Governmental Science of Statistics.” History of the Human Sciences 7 (1994): 65–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Human Laws and Laws of Nature in China and the West.” Journal of the History of Ideas 12 (1951): 3–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “Christian Theology and the Newtonian Science: The Rise of the Concept of the Laws of Nature.” Church History 30 (1961): 433–457CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. “An Inquiry into the Trustworthiness of the Old Bills of Mortality.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 55 (1892): 437–460CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pasquier, Maurice. Sir William Petty – Ses Idées Économiques. 1903; New York: Burt Franklin, 1971
Pearson, Karl. The History of Statistics in the 17th and 18th Centuries against the Changing Background of Intellectual, Scientific and Religious Thought. Ed. E. S. Pearson. London: Charles Griffin, 1978
Perrot, Jean-Claude. “Les économistes, les philosophes, et la population.” In Histoire de la Population Française. Ed. Jacques Dupâquier. Vol. 2: De la Renaissance à 1789. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1988, pp. 499–551
Perrot, Jean-Claude. “The Golden Age of Regional Statistics (Year IV – 1804).” In Jean-Claude Perrot and Stephen Woolf. State and Statistics in France, 1789–1815. London: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1984, pp. 1–80
Peter, Jean-Pierre. “Aux sources de la médicalisation, le regard et le mot; le travail des topographies médicales.” In Populations et cultures: Études réunies en l'honneur de François Lebrun. Rennes: Université de Rennes 2 Haute-Bretagne and the Institut culturel de Bretagne, 1989
Peter, Jean-Pierre. “Disease and the Sick at the End of the Eighteenth Century.” In Biology of Man in History. Ed. Robert Forster and Orest Ranum. Trans. Elborg Forster and Patricia Ranum. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975, pp. 81–124. [Originally published in Annales- Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations (1967): 711–751.]
Poovey, Mary. A History of the Modern Fact: Problems of Knowledge in the Sciences of Wealth and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998CrossRef
Porter, Dorothy, and Roy Porter. Patients and Practitioners: Doctors and Doctoring in Eighteenth-Century England. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1989
Porter, Roy. The Creation of the Modern World: The Untold Story of the British Enlightenment. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Co., 2000
Porter, Roy. English Society in the Eighteenth Century. Rev. ed. London: Penguin Books, 1990
Porter, Theodore M. The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1986
Porter, Theodore M.. Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1995
Puvilland, Antonin. Les Doctrines de la population en France au XVIIIe siècle – De 1695 à 1776. Lyon: Imprimerie de “Revue judiciaire,” 1912
Ramsey, Matthew. Professional and Popular Medicine in France, 1770–1830. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988
Raymond, Jean-François de. Querelle de l'inoculation ou préhistoire de la vaccination. Paris, 1982
Raynaud, Maurice. Les Médecins au temps de Molière. 2d ed. Paris: Didier, 1863
Razzell, Peter. The Conquest of Smallpox: The Impact of Inoculation on Smallpox Mortality in Eighteenth Century Britain. Sussex: Caliban Books, 1977
Razzell, Peter. Edward Jenner's Cowpox Vaccine: The History of a Medical Myth. Sussex: Caliban Books, 1977
Razzell, Peter. Essays in English Population History. London: Caliban Books, 1994
Razzell, Peter. “Population Change in Eighteenth-Century England: A Re-Appraisal.” In Population in Industrialization. Ed. Michael Drake. London: Methuen, 1969
Riley, James. The Eighteenth-Century Campaign to Avoid Disease. New York: Macmillan, 1987
Riley, James. Population Thought in the Age of the Demographic Revolution. Durham, N. C.: Carolina Academic Press, 1985
Roche, Daniel. Le Siècle des lumières en province: Académies et académiciens provinciaux, 1680–1789. Paris: Mouton, 1978
Roncaglia, Alessandro. Petty – The Origins of Political Economy. Trans. Isabella Cherubini. 1977; Armonk, N. Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1985
Rosen, George. From Medical Police to Social Medicine: Essays on the History of Health Care. New York: Science History Publications, 1974
. “Problems in the Application of Statistical Analysis to Questions of Health: 1700–1880.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 29 (1955): 27–45Google ScholarPubMed
Rossi, Paolo. Francis Bacon: From Magic to Science. Trans. Sacha Rabinovitch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968
“The ‘Philosophes’ and the Propaganda for Inoculation of Smallpox in Eighteenth-Century France.” University of California Publications in Modern Philology 18 (1935): 265–290Google Scholar
. “The Emergence of a Visual Language of Geology, 1760–1840.” History of Science 14 (1976): 149–195CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusnock, Andrea. “Hippocrates, Bacon and Medical Meteorology at the Royal Society, 1700 to 1750.” In Reinventing Hippocrates. Ed. David Cantor. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2001, pp. 144–161
Rusnock, Andrea. “The Weight of Evidence and the Burden of Authority: Case Histories, Medical Statistics and Smallpox Inoculation.” In Medicine in the Enlightenment. Ed. Roy Porter. Wellcome Clio Medica Series. Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi Press, 1995, pp. 289–315
Rusnock, Andrea, ed. The Correspondence of James Jurin (1684–1750), Physician and Secretary to the Royal Society. Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi Press, 1996
Sabatier, J. C. Recherches historiques sur la Faculté de médecine de Paris. Paris: Deville Cavellin, 1835
Schaffer, Simon. “A Social History of Plausibility: Country, City and Calculation in Augustan Britain.” In Rethinking Social History: English Society, 1570–1920, and Its Interpretation. Ed. Adrian Wilson. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1993, pp. 128–157
. “Der Mathematiker Abraham de Moivre (1667–1754).” Archive for History of Exact Sciences 5 (1968–1969): 177–317CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schumpeter, Joseph A. History of Economic Analysis. Ed. Elizabeth Boody Schumpeter. New York: Oxford University Press, 1954
Shapin, Steven. A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth Century England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994
Shapin, Steven, and Simon Schaffer. Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1985
Shapiro, Barbara J. A Culture of Fact: England 1550–1720. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2000
Shapiro, Barbara J.. Probability and Certainty in Seventeenth-Century England. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1983
“On the History of Medical Statistics.” Archive for History of Exact Sciences 26 (1982): 241–286Google ScholarPubMed
“P. S. Laplace's Work on Probability.” Archive for History of Exact Sciences 16 (1976): 137–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmel, Georg. The Philosophy of Money. Trans. Tom Bootmore and David Frisby. 1907; London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978
Slaughter, Mary. Universal Languages and Scientific Taxonomy in the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982
Speck, W. A. Stability and Strife: England, 1714–1760. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977
Spengler, Joseph J. French Predecessors of Malthus. Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press, 1942
Stangeland, Charles Emil. Pre-Malthusian Doctrines of Population: A Study in the History of Economic Theory. New York: Columbia University Press, 1904
Staum, Martin S. Cabanis: Enlightenment and Medical Philosophy in the French Revolution. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1980
“‘New Diseases’ in the Seventeenth Century.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 39 (1965): 1–21Google Scholar
Stewart, Larry. The Rise of Public Science: Rhetoric, Technology, and Natural Philosophy in Newtonian Britain, 1660–1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992
Stigler, Stephen M. The History of Statistics – The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986
Stigler, Stephen M.. “The Measurement of Uncertainty in Nineteenth-Century Social Science.” In The Probabilistic Revolution. Ed. Lorenz Krüger, Lorraine J. Daston, and Michael Heidelberger. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987, vol. 1, pp. 287–292
Strauss, E. Sir William Petty – Portrait of a Genius. London: The Bodley Head, 1954
“John Graunt: A Tercentenary Tribute.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 126 (1963): 536–556Google Scholar
. “Numeracy in Early Modern England.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 37 (1977): 103–132Google Scholar
Tomaselli, Sylvana. “Moral Philosophy and Population Questions in Eighteenth Century Europe.” In Population and Resources in Western Intellectual Traditions. Ed. Michael S. Teitelbaum and Jay M. Winter. Supplement to vol. 14: Population and Development Review. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 7–29
Tröhler, Ulrich. “Quantification in British Medicine and Surgery, 1750–1830, with Special Reference to its Introduction into Therapeutics.” Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1978
Tufte, Edward. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, Conn.: Graphics Press, 1983
Tuttle, Leslie. “‘Sacred and Politic Unions’: Natalism, Families, and the State in Old Regime France, 1666–1789.” Ph. D. thesis, Princeton University, 2000
Underwood, E. Ashworth. Boerhaave's Men. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1977
Vilquin, E. Vauban et les méthodes de statistique au siècle de Louis XV. Paris: IDUP, 1972
“Vauban, inventeur des recensements.” Annales de démographie historique (1975): 207–257
. “Early Bills of Mortality.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 7 (1878): 212–248CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wear, Andrew. “Making Sense of Health and the Environment in Early Modern England.” In Medicine in Society: Historical Essays. Ed. Andrew Wear. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 119–147
Webster, Charles. The Great Instauration. London: Gerald Duckworth, 1975
Webster, Charles, ed. Health, Medicine, and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979
Westergaard, H., ed. Contributions to the History of Statistics. London: P. S. King and Son, 1932
Williams, Elizabeth. The Physical and the Moral: Anthropology, Physiology, and Philosophical Medicine in France, 1750–1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994
Wise, M. Norton, ed. The Values of Precision. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1995
Woolf, Stuart J. “Towards the History of the Origins of Statistics: France, 1789–1815.” In Jean-Claude Perrot and Stuart J. Woolf. State and Society in France, 1789–1815. New York: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1984
Wrigley, E. A., and R. S. Schofield. The Population History of England, 1541–1871. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981
. “The Genesis of the Concept of Physical Law.” Philosophical Review 51 (1942): 242–279CrossRefGoogle Scholar