Epilogue

Summary

WHEN in 1588 William Byrd printed his funeral songs for Sir Philip Sidney at the end of Psalmes, Sonets, & songs, he could not have known that he was at the fore of an ongoing tradition honoring respected English citizens after death through song. As with so much surviving music of the Elizabethan, Jacobean, and early-Carolinian eras, commemorative consort songs, lute songs, madrigals, and mixed consort pieces reflect an elite musical tradition, one predicated on a musical literacy that was promoted within the uppermost classes of society. Dissemination of these musical tributes through printed collections and personal manuscripts assured their presence in communities that could both afford and appreciate the gesture. It is, therefore, unsurprising that the subjects of commemorative pieces were those who mingled within aristocratic circles. The use of these songs to solicit patronage and to spread propagandous images, while maintaining heartfelt sentiment, and the ability to place them individually within disparate types of musical collections made them especially valuable. A close examination of the individuals associated with the inspiration for, creation, and dissemination of early English musical elegies further illuminates the very complex hierarchical structures of early English society, even within its most exclusive top quadrant. That there are no records of these specific songs being sung in any given situation lends credence to their function as a musical memorial, a physical and aural inscription to be passed on to succeeding generations.

Musical funeral elegies were written by many of the most respected composers of the era, and yet these commemorative songs are often not the most well-known or well-regarded compositions of the period. They have not sustained their importance over time, perhaps because of a textual focus on one specific person, their short length, or placement within volumes made up of pieces of distinctly different music. Still, in many ways they remain the most human compositions of the era. In today's modern society, early English musical funeral elegies serve as a reminder that those who came before us are not so different than we are now, some four hundred years later. Those individuals who lived so long ago also had hopes and dreams, grappled with political and religious conflicts, struggled to find purpose and legacy, and were mourned by the family and friends they left behind.