Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:13:57.448Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The failure of ethnic nationalism: land, power and the politics of clanship on the South African high veld 1860–1990

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Leslie Bank
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Résumé

Pendant les années 1980, beaucoup a été écrit sur le rôle que les missionnaires, antropologues, bureaucrates coloniaux et intellectuels ont joué dans “l'invention” des catégories ethniques et tribales en Afrique. Aujourd'hui peu d'érudits mettraient en question la complicité des agents coloniaux en ce qui concerne la construction des identités ethniques et tribales. En dépit de ces inventions, cependant, il y a la réalisation grandissante que les processus de formation de l'identité dépendent aussi d'autres facteurs.

Cet article explore cette proposition en enquêtant sur le rôle de la politique sous-ethnique des clans au nord-est de l'“Orange Free State” en Afrique du Sud au siècle dernier et sa contribution spécifique à l'échec du nationalisme ethnique dans cette région. Cet article conclut que de par l'abus de l'ethnicité par l'état sud-africain, il y a une tentation énorme d'exagérer le rôle de l'état dans la formation ethnique en Afrique du Sud et de ne pas prêter assez d'attention aux dynamiques internes de la construction de l'ethnicité.

Type
Traditions invented or reclaimed?
Information
Africa , Volume 65 , Issue 4 , October 1995 , pp. 565 - 591
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anon. 1989. ‘Ethnicity and pseudo-ethnicity in the Ciskei’, in Vail, L. (ed.), The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa, London: James Currey.Google Scholar
Bank, L. 1983. ‘Town and Closer Settlement in Qwaqwa’, Unpublished African Studies honours dissertation, University of Cape Town.Google Scholar
Bank, L. 1993. ‘Of Livestock and Deadstock: entrepreneurship and tradition in Qwaqwa’. Unpublished paper presented to the Institute of Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown.Google Scholar
Bank, L. 1994. ‘Between traders and tribalists: implosion and the politics of disjuncture in a South African homeland’. African Affairs 93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bank, L., and Southall, R. 1995. ‘Traditional leaders under the constitution in South Africa's new democracy’, in Arhin, K., Ray, D. and van Nieuwaal, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Conference on the Contribution of Traditional Authority to Development, Human Rights and Environmental Protection. Leiden: African Studies Centre.Google Scholar
Comaroff, J., and Comaroff, J. 1993. Ethnography and the Historical Imagination. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Coplan, D. 1992. ‘The meaning of Sesotho’, NUL Journal of Research 1 (2),Google Scholar
Coplan, D. 1994. In the Time of Cannibals: the word music of South Africa's Basotho migrants. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Delius, P. 1989. ‘The Ndzundza Ndebele: indenture and the making of an ethnic identity’, in Bonner, P. et al. (eds.), Holding their Ground: class, locality and culture in nineteenth and twentieth century South Africa. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.Google Scholar
Du Toit Commission. 1960. Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the European Occupancy of the Rural Areas; Pretoria: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Erikson, T. 1993. Ethnicity and Nationalism: an anthropology perspective. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Eybers, E. 1981. Selected Constitutional Documents illustrating South African History, 1795–1910. London.Google Scholar
Geschiere, P. 1993. ‘Chiefs and colonial rule in Cameroon: inventing chieftaincy, French and British style’, Africa 63 (2), 151–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harries, P. 1989. ‘Exclusion, classification and internal colonialism: the emergence of ethnicity among the Tsonga-speakers of South Africa’, in Vail, L. (ed.), The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa. London: James Currey.Google Scholar
James, D. 1990. ‘A question of ethnicity: Ndzundza Ndebele in a Lebowa village’, Journal of Southern African Studies 16 (1), 33–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keegan, T. 1986. ‘White settlement and black subjugation on the South African highveld: the Tlokoa heartland of the north-eastern Orange Free State, ca. 1950–1914’, in Beinart, W., Delius, P. and Trapido, S. (eds.), Putting a Plough to the Ground: accumulation and dispossession in rural South Africa, 1850–1930. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.Google Scholar
Lodge, T. 1982. Black Politics in South Africa since 1945. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.Google Scholar
Lye, W., and Murray, C. 1980. Transformations on the Highveld: the Tswana and Southern Sotho. Cape Town: David Philip.Google Scholar
Macmillan, H. 1989. ‘A nation divided: the Swazi in Swaziland and the Transvaal, 1965–1986’ in Vail, L. (ed.), The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa. London: James Currey.Google Scholar
Murray, C. 1992. Black Mountain: land, class and power in the eastern Orange Free State, 1880s–1980s. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute, and Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niehaus, I. 1989. ‘Relocation in Phuthaditjhaba and Tseki’, African Studies 48 (2), 157–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peel, J. D. Y. 1989. ‘The cultural work of the Yoruba: ethnogenesis’, in Tonkin, E., McDonald, M. and Chapman, M. (eds.), History and Ethnicity. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Qwaqwa Legislative Assembly. 1970–85. Qwaqwa Legislative Assembly Verbatim Reports. Pretoria: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Quinlan, T. 1986. ‘The tribal paradigm and ethnic nationalism: a case study of political structures in Qwaqwa’, Transformations, 2, 31–49.Google Scholar
Roosens, E. 1994. ‘The primordial nature of origins in migrant ethnicity’, in Vermeulen, H. and Govers, C. (eds.), The Anthropology of Ethnicity. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.Google Scholar
Schilder, K., and van Binsbergen, W. 1993. ‘Recent Dutch and Belgian approaches to ethnicity in Africa’, Afrika Focus 9 (1–2), 3–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharp, J. 1982. ‘Relocation and the problem of survival in Qwaqwa’, Social Dynamics 8(2), 11–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharp, J. 1987. ‘Relocation, labour migration and the domestic predicament: Qwaqwa in the 1980s’, in Eades, J. (ed.), Migrants, Workers and the Social Order. London: Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Sharp, J., and Speigel, A. 1985. ‘Vulnerability to impoverishment in South African rural areas: the erosion of kinship and neighbourhood as social resources’, Africa 55 (2), 133–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skalnik, P. 1988. ‘Tribe as colonial category’, in Boonzaier, E. and Sharp, J. (eds), South African Key Words: the uses and abuses of political concepts. Cape Town: David Philip.Google Scholar
Sklar, R. 1993. ‘The African frontier for political science’, in Bates, R. H. et al. (eds.), Africa and the Disciplines: the contributions of research in Africa to the social sciences and humanities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Streek, B., and Wicksteed, R. 1982. Render unto Kaiser. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.Google Scholar
Verdery, K. 1994. ‘Ethnicity, nationalism and state-making: Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, past and present’, in Vermeulen, H. and Govers, C. (eds.), The Anthropology of Ethnicity. Amsterdam: Spinhuis.Google Scholar
Walker, C., and Platzsky, L. 1984. The Surplus People. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.Google Scholar
Williams, B. 1989. ‘A class act: anthropology and the race to nation across the ethnic terrain’, Annual Anthropological Review, 18.Google Scholar