Considering the development of the twin method the Authors deem it necessary to review the various systems of analysis presently used. They therefore design a method by which the twin material may be used even when zygosity is unknown. The Authors give this method the name of Azygotic Twin Test (T.G.A.), explain it theoretically and also give a practical example of analysis.

The Authors plan to make - new studies on the subject, in order to show further possible developments of this method.

The Authors confirm the possibility of a discordance between the sex-chromatin of the cells in the breast-carcinoma and that of the cells of a tumour carrier. It is assumed that the somatic mutation giving rise to the formation of the somatic cell might also involve sex-chromatin.

A pair of male, Negro, fraternal twins are described, both of whom were affected with Rh hemolytic disease. In one twin, the manifestations were typical; jaundice appeared early, exchange transfusion was carried out, and this was followed by prompt and complete recovery. In the second twin, who was treated expectantly, jaundice appeared later and followed the protracted course of the so-called «inspissated bile» syndrome, i. e., the stools were acholic, there was bile in the urine, and most of the serum bilirubin was of the direct reacting type. Of interest was the finding that the occurrence of the syndrome was presaged by the presence of excessive amounts of direct reacting bilirubin in the cord serum. This twin also recovered completely, but convalescence was more prolonged.

The observations on these twins provide further evidence that the constitution of the baby, in addition to the maternal Rh antibody titer determine the nature and severity of the manifestations in an erythroblastotic baby.

Data obtained from 53 Panjabi Khatris families were tested for mode of inheritance of patterns on palmar interdigital area II. Gene frequencies were obtained from 1,000 unselected Panjabi Khatris.

Analysis of the data indicate that a single dominant gene, with approximately 88% penetrance, is responsible for D patterns in both the second and fourth interdigital areas of the palm.

The relation between stature and parental birth-place was studied in samples of Swedish conscripts from three different geographical areas. In North Sweden conscripts with both parents born in the same parish have a significantly lower average stature than conscripts with parents born in different parishes. In Central Sweden the reversed picture was found and in South Sweden no significant difference was found.

Data on the occurrence of poly- and syndactylies among 64793 newborn children were collected from the hospital records of two different Swedish hospitals, one being located in the North and the other in South Sweden. Frequency estimates are given for the different types of anomalies and the families of 35 probands were studied.

Some pedigrees were compatible with dominant transmission of the traits, while in others the mode of inheritance is irregular. There was no evidence for Y-linked syndactyly. In several cases it was found that a proband with Polydactyly had relatives with syndactyly and vice versa. Some pedigrees included also individuals with reductions of phalanges and fingers.

A description is made of a large Brazilian family of white ancestry in which some individuals presented polydactyly, other spherocytosis, and some both anomalies together. The information obtained involves five generations totaling 117 related members. Seventy eight of them were examined by the authors through clinical and laboratory methods. Both anomalies were found to be inherited by means of autosomic dominant genes; their joint occurrence seems to be casual. No genetic linkage was apparent between the genes which conditioned spherocytosis and those responsible for the ABO, MN and Rh blood group systems.

The AA. report 2 cases which are very similar to the Cooley disease and the careful genetic and haematologic observation of parents and relatives has pointed out an increase in the haemoglobinic fraction A2 in the husbands but no microcytaemic peculiarity at all.

After discussing the possible relationship to the microcytaemic stigmata the A2 try to see the case among the veritable haemoglobinopathies of this rare genetic form.

The behaviour of the ossification in newborn brothers has been radiologically examined. The findings indicate a uniform behaviour with respect to the duration of the pregnancy in the sons of the same mother. The authors pointout the possible interpretations of this fact.

It is to assess the occurrence of symmetrical and asymmetrical combinations of papillary patterns on the Brahmins of Rajasthan (both the sexes) that this paper has been attempted. Symmetrical combinations are those patterns which are of the same type on the corresponding digits of Right and Left hands, while the asymmetrical are those which are of different types on the digits of corresponding Right and Left hands. All the Loops whether Ulnar or Radial are put into one category. The actual frequencies (AF) and chance frequencies (CF) of Various combinations are calculated.

1. The pattern combination W/W preponderate on I, II, & IV digits in both the sexes, while U/U is more often observed on the III and V digits. The pattern combination A/A is more common in males than in females, moreover this combination is more frequently noticed on II and III digits only.

2. Comparing the values of AF/CF ratio for the symmetrical combination of Whorls-Whorls, Loops-Loops and Arches-Arches in Brahmin series it is observed that the combination Loops-Loops exhibit the lowest value, while the Arches-Arches show the highest, indicating thereby that the tendency to symmetrical patterns is highest in Arches, lower in Whorls and lowest in Loops.

3. The least AF-CF value in the various asymmetrical combination shows the tendency to the repulsion of the combination. It is observed that this tendency is highest in Whorl-Arch and lowest in Loop-Arch combination.

4. A strong tendendy to repulsion on the part of asymmetrical patterns is observed and which consequently increases the tendency more towards the symmetrical patterns.

5. The value of AF/CF ratio is inversely proportionate to the value of chance frequency (CF) or in other words the decrease of CF value increases the AF/CF ratio

6. It is possible to calculate the chance frequencies (CF) when the percentile frequencies of various patterns are given.