Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T00:46:47.963Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

1-year follow-up of neurofeedback treatment in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: randomised controlled trial

Part of: ADHD Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Marleen Bink ,
Ilja L. Bongers ,
Arne Popma ,
Tieme W. P. Janssen  and
Chijs van Nieuwenhuizen
Marleen Bink*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Scientific Center for Care & Welfare (Tranzo), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
Ilja L. Bongers
Affiliation:
GGzECenter for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Eindhoven; Scientific Center for Care & Welfare (Tranzo), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
Arne Popma
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, VUmc/De Bascule, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
Tieme W. P. Janssen
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Chijs van Nieuwenhuizen
Affiliation:
Scientific Center for Care & Welfare (Tranzo), Tilburg University, Tilburg GGzECenter for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
*
Dr Marleen Bink, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Email: marleen.bink@vu.nl
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Background

Estimates of the effectiveness of neurofeedback as a treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are mixed.

Aims

To investigate the long-term additional effects of neurofeedback (NFB) compared with treatment as usual (TAU) for adolescents with ADHD.

Method

Using a multicentre parallel-randomised controlled trial design, 60 adolescents with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD receiving NFB+TAU (n=41) or TAU (n=19) were followed up. Neurofeedback treatment consisted of approximately 37 sessions of theta/sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)-training on the vertex (Cz). Outcome measures included behavioural self-reports and neurocognitive measures. Allocation to the conditions was unmasked.

Results

At 1-year follow-up, inattention as reported by adolescents was decreased (range ηp2=0.23–0.36, P<0.01) and performance on neurocognitive tasks was faster (range ηp2=0.20–0.67, P<0.005) irrespective of treatment group.

Conclusions

Overall, NFB+TAU was as effective as TAU. Given the absence of robust additional effects of neurofeedback in the current study, results do not support the use of theta/SMR neurofeedback as a treatment for adolescents with ADHD and comorbid disorders in clinical practice.

Type
Research Article
Information
BJPsych Open , Volume 2 , Issue 2 , March 2016 , pp. 107 - 115
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016

Footnotes

Declaration of interest

None.

References

1 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth DEdition, Text ERevision (DSM-IV-TR). APA, 2000.Google Scholar
2 Larson, K, Russ, SA, Kahn, RS, Halfon, N. Patterns of comorbidity, functioning, and service use for US children with ADHD, 2007. Pediatrics 2011; 127: 462–70.Google Scholar
3 Simonoff, E, Pickles, A, Charman, T, Chandler, S, Loucas, T, Baird, G. Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008; 47: 921–9.Google Scholar
4 Faraone, SV, Buitelaar, J. Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents using meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010; 19: 353–64.Google Scholar
5 Cortese, S, Castelnau, P, Morcillo, C, Roux, S, Bonnet-Brilhault, F. Psychostimulants for ADHD-like symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12: 461–73.10.1586/ern.12.23Google Scholar
6 van de Loo-Neus, GH, Rommelse, N, Buitelaar, JK. To stop or not to stop? How long should medication treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder be extended? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 21: 584–99.Google Scholar
7 Zetterqvist, J, Asherson, P, Halldner, L, Langstrom, N, Larsson, H. Stimulant and nonstimulant attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder drug use: total population study of trends and discontinuation patterns 2006–2009. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 128:70–7.10.1111/acps.12004Google Scholar
8 Lofthouse, N, Arnold, LE, Hersch, S, Hurt, E, DeBeus, R. A review of neurofeedback treatment for pediatric ADHD. J Atten Disord 2012; 16: 351–72.Google Scholar
9 Holtmann, M, Steiner, S, Hohmann, S, Poustka, L, Banaschewski, T, Bolte, S. Neurofeedback in autism spectrum disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011; 53: 986–93.Google Scholar
10 Loo, SK, Makeig, S. Clinical utility of EEG in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a research update. Neurotherapeutics 2012; 9: 569–87.Google Scholar
11 Snyder, SM, Hall, JR. A meta-analysis of quantitative EEG power associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 23: 440–55.Google Scholar
12 Banaschewski, T, Brandeis, D. Annotation: what electrical brain activity tells us about brain function that other techniques cannot tell us – a child psychiatric perspective. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007; 48: 415–35.Google Scholar
13 Roth, SR, Sterman, MB, Clemente, CD. Comparison of EEG correlates of reinforcement, internal inhibition and sleep. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1967; 23: 509–20.Google Scholar
14 Arns, M, de Ridder, S, Strehl, U, Breteler, M, Coenen, A. Efficacy of neurofeedback treatment in ADHD: the effects on inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity: a meta-analysis. Clin EEG Neurosci 2009; 40: 180–9.Google Scholar
15 Sonuga-Barke, EJ, Brandeis, D, Cortese, S, Daley, D, Ferrin, M, Holtmann, M, et al. Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170: 275–89.Google Scholar
16 Meisel, V, Servera, M, Garcia-Banda, G, Cardo, E, Moreno, I. Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: a randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up. Biol Psychol 2013; 94: 12–21.10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.04.015Google Scholar
17 Gevensleben, H, Holl, B, Albrecht, B, Schlamp, D, Kratz, O, Studer, P, et al. Neurofeedback training in children with ADHD: 6-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010; 19: 715–24.Google Scholar
18 Steiner, NJ, Frenette, EC, Rene, KM, Brennan, RT, Perrin, EC. In-school neurofeedback training for ADHD: sustained improvements from a randomized control trial. Pediatrics 2014; 133: 483–92.Google Scholar
19 Duric, NS, Assmus, J, Gundersen, D, Elgen, IB. Neurofeedback for the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD: a randomized and controlled clinical trial using parental reports. BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12: 107.Google Scholar
20 Wechsler, D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The Psychological Corporation, 1991.Google Scholar
21 Wechsler, D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The Psychological Corporation, 1997.Google Scholar
22 Kooij, JJS. ADHD in Adults. Introduction to Diagnosis and Treatment [in Dutch]. Swets & Zeitlinget, 2002.Google Scholar
23 Sheehan, DV, Lecrubier, Y, Sheehan, KH, Janavs, J, Weiller, E, Keskiner, A, et al. The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability. Eur Psychiatry 1997; 12: 232–41.Google Scholar
24 Sheehan, DV, Lecrubier, Y, Sheehan, KH, Amorim, P, Janavs, J, Weiller, E, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59 (suppl 20): 22–33; quiz 4–57.Google Scholar
25 Dallal, GE. Randomization Plan Generator; First Generator, 2007 (http://www.randomization.com).Google Scholar
26 Faul, F, Erdefelder, E, Lang, AG, Buchner, A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007; 39: 175–91.Google Scholar
27 Schulz, KF, Altman, DG, Moher, D. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMC Med 2010; 8: 18.Google Scholar
28 Vink, M, Van Wamel, A. Landelijk Basisprogramma: ADHD bij kinderen en jeugdigen [Dutch Basic Programme: ADHD for Children and Adolescents]. Trimbos instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, 2007.Google Scholar
29 Lubar, JF. Neurofeedback for the management of attention deficit disorders. In Biofeedback: A Practitioner's Guide (eds Schwartz, MS, Andrasik, F): 409–37. The Guilford Press, 2003.Google Scholar
30 Bink, M, van Nieuwenhuizen, C, Popma, A, Bongers, IL, van Boxtel, GJ. Neurocognitive effects of neurofeedback in adolescents with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2014; 75: 535–42.Google Scholar
31 Kooij, JJS, Buitelaar, JK, van den Oord, EJ, Furer, JW, Rijnders, CA, Hodiamont, PP. Internal and external validity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a population-based sample of adults. Psychol Med 2005; 35: 817–27.Google Scholar
32 Kooij, JJS, Boonstra, AM, Swinkels, SHN, Bekker, EM, de Noord, I, Buitelaar, JK. Reliability, validity, and utility of instruments for self-report and informant report concerning symptoms of ADHD in adult patients. J Atten Disord 2008; 11: 445–58.Google Scholar
33 DuPaul, GJ, Power, TJ, Anagnostopoulos, AD, Reid, R. ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Checklists, Norms Cand Clinical Interpretation. The Guilford Press, 1998.Google Scholar
34 Loo, SK, Barkley, RA. Clinical utility of EEG in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Appl Neuropsychol 2005; 12: 64–76.Google Scholar
35 van Dongen-Boomsma, M, Vollebregt, MA, Slaats-Willemse, D, Buitelaar, JK. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2013; 74: 821–7.Google Scholar
36 Achenbach, TM. Integrative guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR and TRF profiles. University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, 1991.Google Scholar
37 Brickenkamp, R. D2 Attention and Concentration Test [in Dutch]. Hogrefe, 2007.Google Scholar
38 Hammes, JGW. STROOP Kleur-Woord Test. Handleiding [STROOP Color-Word Test. Manual]. Swets and Zeitlinger, 1978.Google Scholar
39 Stroop, JR. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol 1935; 18: 643–62.10.1037/h0054651Google Scholar
40 Culbertson, WC, Zilmer, EA. Tower of London - Drexel University (TOL DX TM). Multi-Health Systems, 2005.Google Scholar
41 Achenbach, TM. Integrative Guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR and TRF Profiles. University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, 1991.Google Scholar
42 Baron-Cohen, S, Hoekstra, RA, Knickmeyer, R, Wheelwright, S. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) – adolescent version. J Autism Dev Disord 2006; 36: 343–50.Google Scholar
43 Bink, M, van Nieuwenhuizen, C, Popma, A, Bongers, IL, van Boxtel, GJ. Behavioral effects of neurofeedback in adolescents with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24: 1035–48.Google Scholar
44 Vollebregt, MA, van Dongen-Boomsma, M, Buitelaar, JK, Slaats-Willemse, D. Does EEG-neurofeedback improve neurocognitive functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A systematic review and a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55: 460–72.Google Scholar
45 Bink, M, van Boxtel, GJ, Popma, A, Bongers, IL, Denissen, AJ, van Nieuwenhuizen, C. EEG theta and beta power spectra in adolescents with ADHD versus adolescents with ASD + ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24: 873–86.Google Scholar
46 Cortese, S. The neurobiology and genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): what every clinician should know. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2012; 16: 422–33.Google Scholar
47 Clarke, AR, Barry, RJ, Bond, D, McCarthy, R, Selikowitz, M. Effects of stimulant medications on the EEG of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2002; 164: 277–84.Google Scholar
48 Clarke, AR, Barry, RJ, McCarthy, R, Selikowitz, M, Brown, CR, Croft, RJ. Effects of stimulant medications on the EEG of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive type. Int J Psychophysiol 2003; 47: 129–37.Google Scholar
49 Hermens, DF, Williams, LM, Clarke, S, Kohn, M, Cooper, N, Gordon, E. Responses to methylphenidate in adolescent AD/HD: evidence from concurrently recorded autonomic (EDA) and central (EEG and ERP) measures. Int J Psychophysiol 2005; 58: 21–33.Google Scholar
50 Arnold, LE, Lofthouse, N, Hersch, S, Pan, X, Hurt, E, Bates, B, et al. EEG neurofeedback for ADHD: double-blind sham-controlled randomized pilot feasibility trial. J Atten Disord 2013; 17: 410–19.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Bink et al. supplementary material

Supplementary Material

Download Bink et al. supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 140.3 KB
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.