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Density-dependent distribution of parasitism risk among underground hosts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

T. Okuyama Open the ORCID record for T. Okuyama [Opens in a new window]
T. Okuyama*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: +886 2 3366 5282 Fax: +886 2 2732 5017 E-mail: okuyama@ntu.edu.tw
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Abstract

Variation in parasitism risk among hosts can arise from between-patch and within-patch factors, but considerably less information is known about the latter. This study investigated how distributions of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis influenced its parasitism by the pupal parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii in the laboratory. Because B. dorsalis larvae pupate underground, pupation depth was considered as an important factor that affects the risk of parasitism. When the density of B. dorsalis larvae was varied (1, 10, and 100 larvae per arena), average pupation depth increased with the density. When the depth of pupae was manipulated, the rate of parasitism differed by depths. Parasitism at 0 cm differed from the random parasitoid model expectation, but parasitism at 1 cm was not different from the model expectation. Few pupae at 2 cm were parasitized. In another experiment, when pupae were simultaneously presented at 0 cm and 1 cm depths, parasitism at 1 cm was weakened by the presence of puape at 0 cm. These results imply that the density of the host influences pupation depth as well as the distribution of parasitism and plays an important role in host-parasitoid dynamics.

Keywords

parasitism riskpupation depthpupal parasitoidshost-parasitoid dynamicsindividual variation
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 109 , Issue 4 , August 2019 , pp. 528 - 533
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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