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THE INFLUENCE OF FORMULATION ON TOXICITY AND AVAILABILITY OF A PESTICIDE (METHOXYCHLOR) TO BLACK FLY LARVAE (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE), SOME NON-TARGET AQUATIC INSECTS AND FISH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R. J. Sebastien  and
W. L. Lockhart
R. J. Sebastien
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2
W. L. Lockhart*
Affiliation:
Freshwater Institute, Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6
*
1 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
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Abstract

Two formulations of methoxychlor were compared with regard to toxicity and availability to aquatic organisms. A particulate formulation was less toxic than an emulsifiable formulation to chironomid larvae, stonefly nymphs, and fish. Similarly the particulate methoxychlor was less rapidly accumulated from water by those same animals than was the emulsified methoxychlor. With black fly larvae, the only filter-feeding animal used, the two formulations were about equal in toxicity, but the particulate formulation was accumulated more readily than emulsified material. Both formulations induced larvae to detach from substrate but emulsifiable methoxychlor acted more quickly. At the time of detachment, larvae exposed to the particulate formulation contained an average of 68 times more methoxychlor than larvae exposed to the emulsion.

Résumé

Nous avons comparé deux formulations du pesticide méthoxychlore du point de vue de leur toxicité et des quantités accessibles aux organismes aquatiques. Le méthoxychlore particulate s’est révélé moins toxique qu’une formulation émulsionnable à l’endroit des larves de chironomidés, des nymphes de plécoptères et des poissons. De même, le méthoxychlore particulate s’accumule à partir de l’eau moins rapidement chez ces animaux que le pesticide émulsionné. Chez les larves de simuliidés — les seuls filtreurs utilisés — les deux formulations ont à peu près la même toxicité, mais la formulation particulaire s’accumule plus rapidement que le pesticide émulsionné. Les deux formulations amènent les larves à se détacher du substrat, mais le méthoxychlore agit plus rapidement. Au moment où elles se détachent du substrat, les larves exposées au pesticide particulaire contiennent en moyenne 68 fois plus de méthoxychlore que celles qui avaient été exposées à l’emulsion.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 113 , Issue 4 , April 1981 , pp. 281 - 293
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1981

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