Ancylis discigerana (Walker) is a univoltine leaf folder of yellow birch. Final instar larvae overwinter in litter and pupate from mid-April through mid-May. Adults emerge in early June and deposit single eggs on the upper surface of a leaf, usually on a major leaf vein or other small depression in the epidermis. The first two instars skeletonize the lower surface of a leaf, beneath a sheet of silk that is constructed between two lateral veins. Third-instar larvae move to the upper surface of a different leaf and fold it lengthwise. Larvae feed on the upper epidermis within the fold until leaf-fall. Life stages are described.

An egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, and a larval parasitoid, Apanteles polychrosidis Viereck, were the major natural enemies in the population studied.

A key is presented for three species of Ancylis found on yellow birch.

At least two species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitize the eggs of Sepedon fuscipennis Loew (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) in freshwater habitats of central New York. Trichogramma julianoi Platner and Oatman parasitizes S. fuscipennis and Elgiva sundewalli Fries (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Trichogramma sp. near californicum Nagaraja and Nagarkatti parasitizes S. fuscipennis, E. sundewalli, Tetanocera spp. (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), and pyralid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). T. julianoi was most active in early and late summer. T. sp. near californicum was most active in mid- and late summer. Another undescribed species, similar to Trichogramma semblidis (Aurivillius), occurs in the same habitats but does not parasitize S. fuscipennis. Its primary hosts are Stratiomyidae (Diptera). Mortality of S. fuscipennis eggs due to Trichogramma varied significantly over the summer and reached 43.6% in late July and early August. A list of parasitoids reared from eggs of insects collected in fresh-water habitats is given.

Two formulations of methoxychlor were compared with regard to toxicity and availability to aquatic organisms. A particulate formulation was less toxic than an emulsifiable formulation to chironomid larvae, stonefly nymphs, and fish. Similarly the particulate methoxychlor was less rapidly accumulated from water by those same animals than was the emulsified methoxychlor. With black fly larvae, the only filter-feeding animal used, the two formulations were about equal in toxicity, but the particulate formulation was accumulated more readily than emulsified material. Both formulations induced larvae to detach from substrate but emulsifiable methoxychlor acted more quickly. At the time of detachment, larvae exposed to the particulate formulation contained an average of 68 times more methoxychlor than larvae exposed to the emulsion.

The genus Hebrolethaeus Scudder is not monobasic, but contains five distinct species. H. aurantiacus (Distant) from New Caledonia is redescribed. The four other species described as new are H. albus from the New Hebrides, H. concisus from New Caledonia, H. nigrus from the Loyalty Islands, and H. pullus from New Caledonia. H. concisus is also recorded from Norfolk Island, and a key to species is presented.

Fenitrothion injected into a stream at 73 μg/L diminished to 23 μg/L 343 m downstream and resulted in a decline of standing crop of benthic arthropods between 343 and 375 m downstream. Large and small insect larvae were not affected differentially. Most of the kill consisted of Leuctra spp. (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) larvae. Benthos recovery was complete 50 days after the treatment.

An apparatus consisting of a plastic box and a feeding circuit permits the calculation of μl volumes of ethanol ingested by Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. The net amount of ethanol taken (expressed in 100% ethanol) has been examined in various experimental conditions: sucrose solutions, ethanol–sucrose solutions at various sucrose and alcohol concentrations, ethanol solutions - cube of sucrose and ethanol solutions alone. The data obtained on ingestion by Drosophila show that the consumption of sucrose solutions was inversely proportional to the concentrations of sucrose. The amount of ethanol ingested during 14 days was directly related to the concentration of ethanol in the diets although in general the total volume of solution consumed did not vary significantly in most cases. The analyses of observations of 14 days showed that decreased mortality was obtained with the rise in the concentration of sucrose in sucrose-water solutions in 0.5–3% range and the mortality increased with the rise in the concentration of ethanol in the diets, yet ethanol-sucrose was better than cube of sugar alone.

Host foliage was evaluated for nonpreference and antibiosis by field rearing Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), (instars 2–6) at typical outbreak and non-outbreak forest sites in central California. Nonpreference was evaluated by comparing frass production and antibiosis by comparing survival, pupation, and fecundity on the different sites. Typical outbreak sites had a lower site index and higher plant moisture stress than typical non-outbreak sites. Production of frass for all crown levels collectively was not significantly different between sites, although more frass was produced in the tops of trees on outbreak sites. Survival and pupation were also not significantly different between sites, but egg production was 28% higher on outbreak sites than non-outbreak sites. If differences in foliage quality did exist between sites, they did not affect the tussock moth enough to explain observed differences in population numbers.

The relationship between posttreatment temperatures of 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°C and toxicity of six pesticides to adult female Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Tetranychus urticae Koch were studied in the laboratory.

The toxicities of cyhexatin, dicofol, propargite, citrazon, chlorobenzilate, and per-methrin were positively correlated with temperature. Except for propargite and permefhrin, P. persimilis was less susceptible than T. urticae at 15° and 20°C, but equal in susceptibility at 25° and 30°C.

The results obtained may indicate a potential value of posttreatment temperature manipulation as a useful adjunct to integrated pest control programs in glasshouses.

Pine oil, a by-product of sulphate wood pulping, protected pheromone-baited, living Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.), and spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss - P. engelmannii Parry hybrids) from attack by Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.), mountain pine beetle (D. ponderosa Hopk.), and spruce beetle (D. rufipennis (Kirby)), respectively. Pine oil also protected surrounding trees and reduced attack incidence on Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and spruce within at least a 10 m radius. α-Terpineol, one of the constituents of the pine oil mixture, was less effective.

Daily trapping of native elm bark beetles, Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichh.), in central Ontario showed that the population is divided into fairly discrete overwintering adult and larval groups. Group proportions depend on the stage of development of the local beetle infestation and disease infection. Both beetles and disease are spread by mass movement of beetles, in late summer and fall, in search of living elm trees in which to feed and overwinter.

A new genus, Valdiviodes, and species, V. ashworthi, of Quediini from Chile are described and illustrated. The biology of the species is briefly discussed. A key to the Chilean genera of Quediini is given.

The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), has become increasingly important as a primary pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the Lower Colorado Desert of western North America. New species of natural enemies have not become established although annual parasite releases have shown some favorable results (Legner and Medved 1979). The effects of a pyrethroid, female sex pheromone, and annual parasite releases on pink bollworm suppression were studied and compared.

The methods of Foott and Boyce (1966) and De Ponti and Inggamer (1976) are inadequate to elucidate the residual toxicity of pyrethroids on predacious mites. These products irritate mites to such an extent that, shortly after their exposure to treated leaves, most if not all of the mites attempt to escape the irritant and in the process they are either caught in the Tanglefoot or drown in the water barrier.