Let G be a compact abelian group with dual group Γ. For 1 ≦ p < ∞, 1 ≦ q < ∞, let denote the Banach space of complex-valued functions on Γ which are multipliers of type (p, q) and the subspace of compact multipliers.

Grothendieck [10; 11] has proven that a function in LP(G), 1 ≦ p < 2, has an unconditionally converging Fourier series in LP(G) if and only if it is in L2(G), and Helgason [12] has proven that the derived algebra of LP(G), 1 ≦ p < 2, is L2(G). Using these results we show in § 2 that a multiplier of type (p, g), 1 ≦ p ≦ 2, 1 ≦ q ≦ 2, has an unconditionally converging Fourier series in if and only if it is in (Theorem 2.1), and that, for 1 ≦ p ≦ q ≦ 2, the derived algebra of is (Theorem 2.2). Statements equivalent to the above are also given.

Let π be a projective or an affine plane ; a configuration C of π is a subset of points and a subset of lines in π such that a point P of C is incident with a line I of C if and only if P is incident with I in π. A configuration of a projective plane π which is a projective plane itself is called a projective subplane of π, and a configuration of an affine plane π’ which is an affine plane with the improper line of π‘ is an affine subplane of π‘.

Let π be a finite projective (respectively, an affine) plane of order n and π0 a projective (respectively, an affine) subplane of π of order n0 different from π; then n0 ≦ . If n0 = , then π0 is called a Baer subplane of π. Thus, Baer subplanes are the “biggest” possible proper subplanes of finite planes.

The spaced of this paper is a metrization, with a not necessarily symmetric distance xy, of an open convex set D in the n-dimensional affine space An such that xy + yz = xz if and only if x, y, z lie on an affine line with y between x and z and such that all the balls px ≦ p are compact. These spaces are called straight desarguesian G-spaces or sometimes open projective metric spaces. The hyperbolic geometry is an example; a large variety of other examples is studied by contributors to Hilbert's problem IV. When D = An and all the affine translations are isometries for the metric xy, the space is called a Minkowskian space or sometimes a finite dimensional Banach space, the (not necessarily symmetric) distance of a Minkowskian space being a (positive homogeneous) norm. In this paper geometric conditions in terms of equidistant loci are given for the space R to be a Minkowskian space.

The β-construction assigns to each complex representation φ of the compact Lie group G a unique element β(φ) in (G). For the details of this construction the reader is referred to [1] or [5]. The purpose of the present paper is to determine some of the properties of the element β(φ) in terms of the invariants of the representation φ. More precisely, we consider the following question. Let G be a simple, simply-connected compact Lie group and let f : S3 →G be a Lie group homomorphism. Then (S3) ⋍ Z with generator x = β(φ1), φ1 the fundamental representation of S3 , so that if φ is a representation of G,f*(φ) = n(φ)x, where n(φ) is an integer depending on φ and f . The problem is to determine n(φ).

Since G is simple and simply-connected we may assume that ch2, the component of the Chern character in dimension 4 takes its values in H4(SG,Z)≅Z. Let u be a generator of H4(SG,Z) so that ch2(β (φ)) = m(φ)u, m(φ) an integer depending on φ.

A multifunction φ : X → Y from a topological space X into a topological space Y is a correspondence such that φ(x) is a non-empty subset of Y for every x ∊ X. A single-valued function f : X → Y is called a selection of φ if f(x) ∊ φ(x) for all x ∊ X; it is called a continuous selection if f is continuous. It is well-known that not every semi-continuous or even continuous multifunction has a continuous selection (see e.g. [4] for a survey on selection theory).

We investigate here some connections between multifunctions which are 'almost single-valued” and selections which are ‘almost continuous”.

Given a class of topological spaces and a class of maps of topological spaces, our interest is in characterization of the class () of topological spaces whose every -image lies in . The class () is referred to as the -resolvent of and is the largest class of spaces smaller than closed under -images (provided is closed under composition and includes identity maps).

In the present paper, will be either the class of paracompact spaces or the class of regular spaces, and the conditions determining will always include separation axioms on the range, some of which can be dispensed with now by agreeing that all spaces are Hausdorff.

Let S(≠1) be a subgroup of a group G. We consider the question: when are the conjugates of S “as independent as possible“? Specifically, suppose SG (the normal subgroup generated by S in G) is the free product II*S0α where and gα ranges over a subset J of G. Then J must be part of a (left) coset representative system for G mod SG. N where N is the normalizer of S in G. (For, g ∊ SGgαN implies Sg is conjugate to Sgα in SG; however, distinct non-trivial free factors of a free product are never conjugate.)

We say that SG is the free product of maximally many conjugates of S in G if SG = II*Sgα where gα ranges over a (complete) left coset representative system for G mod SGN (or equivalently, gα ranges over a double coset representative system for G mod (SG, N)); in this case we say briefly that S has the fpmmc property in G.

The associated sequence space S of a sequence of vectors {xn} in a Banach space consists of all scalar sequences (sn) for which converges. My primary motivation in writing this paper was to present a new proof to a recent theorem of N. I. and V. I. Gurarii concerning limits of extent on S when {xn} is a basis of a uniformly convex or a uniformly smooth Banach space [5], This theorem is stated as Theorem 2.4. Several interesting consequences of this theorem were noted by N. I. Gurarii in [3] and [4].

In the theory of curves, one often makes differentiability assumptions in order that analytic methods can be used. Then one tries to weaken these assumptions as much as possible. The theory of curves which is presented here uses geometric methods, such as central projection, rather than analysis. In this way, no analytic assumptions are needed and a purely geometric theory results. Since this theory is not so well known as the analytic one, I have tried to make the treatment as self-contained as possible. It is hoped that this paper will form a quick introduction for a reader who has had no previous acquaintance with the subject.

We assume that our curves satisfy a condition, which we call direct differentiability. Roughly this condition is that, at each point of the curve, all the osculating spaces exist.

We will say that a space X has property (*) if and only if each discrete subset of X is realcompact; i.e., the cardinality of each discrete subset of X is nonmeasurable. In [8], Shirota shows that a completely regular T1-space X is realcompact if and only if X has property (*) and X is complete with respect to some uniformity. In [7], Moran, using measure theoretic techniques, shows that any normal metacompact T1-space with property (*) is realcompact.

It is known [1] that for compact Hausdorff X, C(X) is the dual of a Banach space if and only if X is hyperstonian, that is the closure of an open set in X is again open and the carriers of normal measures in C(X)* have dense union in X. With the desiratum of proving that C(X) is always the dual of some sort of space we broaden the concept of Banach space as follows. A Banach space may be comfortably regarded as a pair (E, B) where E is a topological linear space and B is a subset of E ; the requisite property is that the Minkowski functional of B be a complete norm whose topology coincides with that of E.

In this paper we continue the study of equationally defined classes of orthomodular lattices started in [1].

The only atom in the lattice of varieties of orthomodular lattices is the variety of all Boolean algebras. Every nontrivial variety contains it. It follows from B. Jónsson [4, Corollary 3.2] that the variety [MO2] generated by the orthomodular lattice MO2 of Figure 1 covers the variety of all Boolean algebras. I t was first shown by R. J. Greechie (oral communication) and is not difficult to see that every variety not consisting of Boolean algebras only contains [MO2]. Again it follows from the result of Jónsson's mentioned above that the varieties generated by one of the orthomodular lattices of Figures 2 to 5 cover [MO2]. The Figures 4 and 5 are to be understood in such a way that the orthocomplement of every element is on the vertical line through this element.

In 1957, Mrowka [12] showed that a locally paracompact space admits a one point paracompactification (see also [2, Chapter 9, § 4, Exercise 27]). Similarly, in [9] Isiwata obtained a one point realcompactincation for locally realcompact spaces. Recently a number of authors (see [11, 16; 17; 18; 21]) have constructed one point P-extensions of local P-spaces for a variety of topological properties P. It is the purpose of this paper to draw together the various techniques used by the above mentioned authors and to study the set (lattice) of all one point P-extensions of a particular space.

Let A be a commutative ring, and let Proj A[t0, ti]. By a vector bundle on X we mean a locally free sheaf of finite rank on X. Set t = t1/to. Then X is made up of two affine pieces U1 = Spec A[t], and U2 = Spec A[t-1]. Let P(R) denote the category of finitely generated projective modules over the ring R. The category of vector bundles on X is equivalent to the category of triples (P1,f1, P2), where P1 ∊ 𝓅 (A[t]), P2 ∊ 𝓅(A[t-1]), and

is an A[t, t-1] -isomorphism. In [2], the category of vector bundles on is denned directly in this manner, without first defining (so that one could work over a non-commutative ring). We prove that if A is a Krull ring (or a Noetherian ring with connected spec) of dimension > 0, then there is an indecomposable vector bundle of rank n on X, for every positive integer n.

This paper concerns a certain subalgebra of the Banach algebra of complex valued, essentially bounded, Lebesgue measurable functions on the unit circle in the complex plane (denoted here by L∞). My interest in this subalgebra was prompted by a question of R. G. Douglas. Let H∞ denote the space of functions in L∞ whose Fourier coefficients with negative indices vanish (equivalently, the space of boundary functions for bounded analytic functions in the unit disk). Douglas [5] has asked whether every closed subalgebra of L∞ containing H∞ is determined by the functions in H∞ that it makes invertible. More precisely, is such an algebra generated by H∞ and the inverses of the functions in H∞ that are invertible in the algebra? An affirmative answer is known for L∞ itself and for certain subalgebras of L∞ recently studied by Davie, Gamelin, and Garnett [3]. At the time of this writing, no algebra is known for which the above question can be answered negatively.

One of the most fundamental and characteristic features of recursion theory is the fact that the recursive sets are not uniformly recursive. In this paper we consider the degrees a such that the recursive sets are uniformly of degree ≦a and characterize them by the condition a’ ≦ 0". A number of related results will be proved, and one of these will be combined with a theorem of Yates to show that there is no r.e. degree a < 0’ such that the r.e. sets of degree ≦a are uniformly of degree ≦a. This result and a generalization will be used to study the relationship between Turing and many-one reducibility on the r.e. sets.

Let D be an ultrafilter on I, and let k be a cardinal. D is said to be k-descendingly incomplete (k-d.i.) if there exists a chain Xα : α < k of elements of D such that α < β → Xα ⊆ Xβ and Xα = ϕ. Such a chain will be called a k-chain for D. The notion of k-descending incompleteness is due to Chang [3].

In this paper we explore the relationship between the cardinality of the ultrapower kI/D and the existence of certain chains on D. Since we deal so much with questions of size, we do not ordinarily make a notational distinction between a set and its cardinality. Where such a distinction is useful, the cardinality of a set A will be denoted by |A|.

Let G be a finite graph with non-empty vertex set (G) and edge set (G) (see [2]). Let λ be a positive integer. Tutte [5] defines a λ-colouring of G as a mapping of (G) into the set Iλ = {1, 2, 3, …, λ} with the property that two ends of any edge are mapped onto distinct integers. The elements of Iλ are commonly called “colours.” If P(G, λ) represents the number of λ-colourings of G, it is well known that P(G, λ) can be expressed as a polynomial in λ. For this reason P(G, λ) is usually referred to as the chromatic polynomial of G.

The chromatic polynomial P(G, λ) was first suggested as an approach to the four-colour conjecture. To quote Tutte [5]: ”… many people are specially interested in the value λ = 4.

An h by h matrix with entries ±1 is called a modular Hadamard matrix if the inner product of any two distinct row vectors is a multiple of a fixed (positive) integer n; such a matrix is also referred to as an “H(n, h) matrix” with parameters n and h. Modular Hadamard matrices and the related combinatorial designs were introduced in [2]; that paper was concerned mainly with two of the related designs, the “pseudo (ν, k, λ)- designs” and the “ (m, v, k1, λ1, k2, λ2, f, λ3)-designs” (the reader is referred to [2] for the definition of these designs).

The purposes of this paper are:

(A) To show (§§ 1, 3, 5) that some of the usual notions of homotopy theory (sums, quotients, suspensions, loop functors) exist in the category of affine k-schemes where the affine rings are countably generated.

(B) By example to demonstrate some of the more geometric relations between two objects of and their quotient or to study the algebraic suspension of one of them. See §§ 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.

(C) To prove (§4) that the algebraic suspension (in R/) of the n-sphere is homeomorphic to the n + 1 sphere for the usual topologies.

(D) To show that the algebraic loop functor is right adjoint to the algebraic suspension functor (§5).

These results can be viewed as a precursor of definitions for an algebraic homotopy theory from a “geometric” point of view (rather than a more algebraic standpoint employing Galois theory [5]).