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Echocardiography of congenital mitral valve disorders: echocardiographic–morphological comparisons*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 December 2014

Norman H. Silverman
Norman H. Silverman*
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University and University of California San Francisco, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
*
Correspondence to: N. H Silverman, MD, DSc (Med), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University and University of California San Francisco, 750 Welch Road – Suite 305, Mail code 5731, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States of America. Tel: +650 723 7913; Fax: +650 497 8422; Email: norm.silverman@stanford.edu
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Abstract

I surveyed our echocardiographic database of the years between 1998 and 2012 for congenital abnormalities of the mitral valve in patients over 14 years. A total of 249 patients with mitral valve abnormalities were identified. Abnormalities included clefts in the mitral valve in 58 patients, double orifice of the mitral valve in 19, mitral stenosis with two papillary muscles in 72, and mitral stenosis with one papillary muscle in 51 patients. Supravalvar rings were found in 35 patients with a single papillary muscle, and mitral stenoses with two papillary muscles were found in 22 patients. Mitral prolapse occurred in 44 patients and mitral valvar straddle in five patients. The patients were evaluated by all modalities of ultrasound available over the course of time. Although some lesions were isolated, there were many lesions in which more than one mitral deformity presented in the same patient. The patients are presented showing anatomical correlation with autopsy specimens, some of which came from the patients in this series, and others matched to show correlative anatomy. These lesions remain rare as a group and continue to have high morbidity and mortality.

Keywords

Congenital mitral stenosisdouble orifice cleft mitral valvessupravalvar mitral ringstraddling mitral valvemitral prolapse
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 24 , Issue 6: HeartWeek 2014 , December 2014 , pp. 1030 - 1048
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2014 

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Footnotes

*

Presented at All Children)s Hospital Johns Hopkins Medicine 14th International Symposium on Congenital Heart Disease, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America, 15–18 February 2014, Special Focus: Diseases of the Cardiac Valves from the Fetus to the Adult, Co-Sponsor: The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS).

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