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Utility of arterial stiffness assessment in children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2018

Chaitanya Panchangam Open the ORCID record for Chaitanya Panchangam [Opens in a new window] ,
Eric Dean Merrill  and
Geetha Raghuveer
Chaitanya Panchangam
Affiliation:
Children’s Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
Eric Dean Merrill
Affiliation:
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
Geetha Raghuveer
Affiliation:
Children’s Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
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Abstract

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood. Prevention or containment of risk factors that accelerate atherosclerosis can delay the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although current recommendations are to periodically screen for commonly prevailing risk factors for atherosclerosis in children, a single test that could quantify the cumulative effect of all risk factors on the vasculature, thus assessing arterial health, would be helpful in further stratifying risk. Measurement of pulse wave velocity and assessment of augmentation index – measures of arterial stiffness – are easy-to-use, non-invasive methods of examining arterial health. Various studies have assessed pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in children with commonly occurring conditions including obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, physical inactivity, chronic kidney disease, CHD and acquired heart diseases, and in children who were born premature or small for gestational age. This article summarises pulse wave velocity and augmentation index assessments and the effects of commonly prevailing chronic conditions on arterial health in children. In addition, currently available reference values for pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in healthy children are included. Further research to establish widely applicable normative values and the effect of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions on arterial health in children is needed.

Keywords

Pulse wave velocityaugmentation indexchildrenatherosclerosis
Type
Review Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , March 2018 , pp. 362 - 376
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2018 

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Footnotes

*

Chaitanya Panchangam and Eric Dean Merrill co first authors contributed equally.

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