Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T03:21:39.820Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cineangiographic aortic dimensions in normal children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 July 2009

Kalyani R. Trivedi ,
Jorge L. Pinzon ,
Brian W. McCrindle ,
Patricia E. Burrows ,
Robert M. Freedom  and
Lee N. Benson
Kalyani R. Trivedi
Affiliation:
Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, Division of Cardiology and the Variety Club Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Jorge L. Pinzon
Affiliation:
Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, Division of Cardiology and the Variety Club Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Brian W. McCrindle
Affiliation:
Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, Division of Cardiology and the Variety Club Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Patricia E. Burrows
Affiliation:
Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, Division of Cardiology and the Variety Club Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Robert M. Freedom
Affiliation:
Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, Division of Cardiology and the Variety Club Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Lee N. Benson*
Affiliation:
Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, Division of Cardiology and the Variety Club Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
*
Division of Cardiology, Room 4515, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5G 1X8. Tel: 416 813 3523; Fax: 416 813 7547; Email: benson@sickkids.ca
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Knowledge of normal aortic dimensions is important in the management of children with aortic disease. So as to define such dimensions, we undertook a retrospective review of clinical data and aortic cineangiograms from 167 subjects without aortic disease having a mean age of 3.67 years, with a range from 0.01 to 14.95 years. Amongst the patients, 56 were without detectable cardiac lesions, 66 patients had mild pulmonary stenosis, 30 were seen with Kawasaki disease, and 15 with small interatrial defects within the oval fossa. Aorto-grams were available in all. No patient had any hemodynamic derangement that would have affected the aorta during intrauterine life or childhood. Systolic dimensions were measured in the ascending and descending aorta at the level of the carina, at the transverse aortic arch distal to the brachiocephalic, of the left common carotid artery at its origin, at the transverse aortic arch distal to the left common carotid artery, at the aortic isthmus, and of the aorta at the level of the diaphragm. A regression analysis model was used to establish the range of predicted normal values, with their confidence limits, standardizing the values to height as the biophysical parameter having the highest correlation to aortic dimensions. Normal ranges were established for all the levels of measurement. The data should prove useful in identifying abnormalities of the thoracic aorta during childhood, and when assessing the outcomes of interventions.

Keywords

Normal valueschildhoodaortacineangiographic dimensionscardiac measurements
Type
Original Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , July 2002 , pp. 339 - 344
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Clarkson, PM, Brandt, PW.Aortic diameters in infants and young children: normative angiographic data. Pediatr Cardiol 1985; 6: 3–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Sievers, HH, Onnash, DGW.Dimensions of the great arteries, semilunar valve roots and right ventricular outflow tract during growth: normative angiocardiographic data. Pediat Cardiol 1983; 4: 189–196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Aronberg, DJ, Glazer, HS, Madsen, K, Sagel, SS.Normal thoracic aortic diameters by computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1984; 8: 247–250.Google ScholarPubMed
4.De la Cruz, MV, Anselmi, G, Romero, A, Monroy, G.A qualitative and quantitative study of the ventricles and great vessels of normal children. Am Heart J 1960; 60: 675–690.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Fitzgerald, SW, Donaldson, JS, Poznanski, AK.Pediatric thoracic aorta: normal measurements determined with CT. Radiology 1987; 165: 667–669.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Fletcher, BD, Jacobstein, MD.MRI of congenital abnormalities of the great arteries. Am J Roentgenol 1986; 146: 941–948.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Gomes, AS, Lois, JF, George, B, Alpan, G, Williams, RG.Congenital abnormalities of the aortic arch: MR imaging. Radiology 1987; 165: 691–695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Roge, CL, Silverman, NH, Hart, PA, Ray, RM.Cardiac structure growth pattern determined by echocardiography. Circulation 1978; 57: 285–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Freedom, RM, Culham, JAG. Physical principles of image formation and projections in angiocardiography. In: Freedom, RM, Mawson, JB, Yoo, SJ, Benson, LN (eds). Congenital Heart Disease Textbook of Angiocardiography, Vol. 1, Edn 1.New York: Futura Publishing Company, Inc., 1997, pp 39–94.Google Scholar
10.Dubois, D, Dubois, EF.Clinical calorimetry: a formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Med 1916; 17: 863–871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Daubeney, PE, Blackstone, EH, Weintraub, RG, Slavik, Z, Scanlon, J, Webber, SA.Relationship of the dimension of cardiac structures to body size: an echocardiographic study in normal infants and children. Cardiol Young 1999; 9: 402–410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Sluysmans, T, Colan, SD.Normal Growth-related Changes of Cardiovascular Dimensions. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cliniques St Luc, UCL, Brussels, Belgium and Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussets, USA. 1997; 11–38.Google Scholar
13.Freedom, RM, Macdonald, C. Imaging modalities in Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders. In: Freedom, RM, Mawson, JB, Yoo, SJ, Benson, LN (eds). Congenital Heart Disease Textbook of Angiocardiography, Vol. 1, Edn 1.Futura Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1997, pp 1–38.Google Scholar
14.Hausmann, D, Friedrich, G, Soni, B, Daniel, WG, Fitzgerald, PJ, Yock, PG.Validation of Automated Border Detection in Intravascular Ultrasound Images. Echocardiography 1996; 13: 599–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Kandarpa, K, Piwnica-Worms, D, Chopra, PS et al. , Prospective double-blinded comparison of MR imaging and aortography in the preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vase Interv Radiol 1992; 3: 83–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Rubin, GD, Paik, DS, Johnston, PC, Napel, S.Measurement of the aorta and its branches with helical CT. Radiology 1998; 206: 823–829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Stern, HC, Locher, D, Wallnofer, K, Weber, F, Scheid, KF, Emmrich, P, Buhlmeyer, K.Noninvasive assessment of coarctation of the aorta: comparative measurements by two-dimensional echocardiography, magnetic resonance, and angiography. Pediatr Cardiol 1991; 12: 1–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Thurnher, SA, Dorffner, R, Thurnher, MM et al. , Evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm for stent-graft placement: comparison of gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography versus helical CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Radiology 1997; 205: 341–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Weber, HS, Mosher, T, Mahraj, R, Baylen, BG.Magnetic resonance imaging demonstration of “remodeling” of the aorta following balloon angioplasty of discrete native coarctation. Pediatr Cardiol 1996; 17: 184–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Angelini, A, Allan, LD, Anderson, RH, Crawford, DC, Chita, SK, Ho, SY.Measurements of the dimensions of the aortic and pulmonary pathways in the human fetus: a correlative echocardiographic and morphometric study. Br Heart J 1988; 60: 221–226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.DeVore, GR, Siassi, B, Platt, LD.Fetal echocardiography. M-mode measurements of the aortic root and aortic valve in second and third-trimester notmal human fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 152: 543–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Rudolph, AM, Heymann, MA, Spitznas, U.Hemodynamic considerations in the development of narrowing of the aorta. Am J Cardiol 1972; 30: 514–525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Piehler, JM, Danielson, GK, McGoon, DC, Wallace, RB, Fulton, RE, Mair, DD.Management of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries by right ventricular outflow construction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980; 80: 552–567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Langdon, TJ, Boerboom, LE, Olinger, GN, Rodriguez, ER, Ferrans, VJ.Rheologic genesis of aortic coarctation in a canine model. Am Heart J 1988; 115: 489–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Yen Ho, S, Anderson, RH.Coarctation, tubular hypoplasia and the ductus arteriosus. Histological study of 35 specimens. Br Heart J 1979; 41: 268–274.Google Scholar
26.Henry, WL, Gardin, JM, Ware, JH.Echocardiographic measurements in normal subjects from infancy to old age. Circulation 1980; 62: 1054–1061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Ichida, F, Aubert, A, Denef, B, Dumoulin, M, Van der Hauwaert, LG.Cross sectional echocardiographic assessment of great artery diameters in infants and children. Br Heart J 1987; 58: 627–634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Roman, MJ, Devereux, RB, Kramer-Fox, R, O'Loughlin, J.Two-dimensional echocardiographic aortic root dimensions in normal children and adults. Am J Cardiol 1989; 64: 507–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed