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Cognitive flexibility in critical CHD: a target for intervention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 July 2020

Adam R. Cassidy Open the ORCID record for Adam R. Cassidy [Opens in a new window]
Adam R. Cassidy*
Affiliation:
Center for Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Adam R. Cassidy, PhD, ABPP, Center for Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115, USA. Phone: +1 617-355-0478. E-mail: adam.cassidy@childrens.harvard.edu
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Abstract

Most children born with even the most critical forms of CHD are now surviving well into adulthood. However, with increased survival has come increased recognition of the diverse neurobehavioural and psychosocial challenges these children experience. Among these challenges are deficits in executive function skills, including inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Over the past several years, whereas inhibitory control and working memory deficits have garnered particular attention among clinicians and interventionists, relatively less attention has been paid to cognitive flexibility. This is unfortunate given both the high prevalence of cognitive flexibility deficits observed in children and adolescents with critical CHD, and also the far-reaching relevance of cognitive flexibility in helping individuals achieve optimal quality of life across the lifespan. This paper reviews the construct of cognitive flexibility, including its definition, development, measurement, and neuroanatomical basis, provides a summary of how cognitive flexibility is affected by CHD, and offers evidence-based recommendations to systematically support the development of cognitive flexibility within the context of CHD.

Keywords

Acceptance and commitment therapycardiacexecutive functionmindfulnessneurodevelopment
Type
Review Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 30 , Issue 8 , August 2020 , pp. 1061 - 1069
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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