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Development and persistence of depressive symptoms in adolescents with CHD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2015

Koen Luyckx ,
Jessica Rassart ,
Eva Goossens ,
Silke Apers ,
Leen Oris  and
Philip Moons
Koen Luyckx*
Affiliation:
School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Jessica Rassart
Affiliation:
School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Eva Goossens
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Research Foundation Flanders, Belgium
Silke Apers
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Leen Oris
Affiliation:
School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Philip Moons
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
*
Correspondence to: K. Luyckx, School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Tel: 0032 16 325978; E-mail: koen.luyckx@ppw.kuleuven.be
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Abstract

Patients with CHD are vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. The present study compared baseline depressive symptoms between adolescents with CHD and community adolescents, and also assessed the development and persistence of depressive symptoms in patients. We examined the implications of persistent depressive symptoms towards quality of life and patient-reported health. In total, 296 adolescents with CHD participated in a four-wave longitudinal study, with 9-month intervals, and completed measures of depressive symptoms – Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) – at time points one to four and of quality of life – linear analogue scale (LAS) – and patient-reported health – LAS and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory – at T (time) 4. Information about diagnosis, disease complexity, and previous heart surgery was collected from medical records. At T1, 278 patients were matched 1:1 with community adolescents, based on sex and age. The findings of this study indicate that patients scored significantly lower on depressive symptoms compared with community adolescents. Depressive symptoms in the total patient sample were stable over time and were unrelated to disease complexity. Based on conventional cut-off scores of the CES-D, substantial individual differences existed in the extent to which depressive symptoms persisted over time: 12.2% of the patients reported elevated depressive symptoms at minimally three out of the four time points. Especially physical functioning, cardiac symptoms, and patient-reported health at T4 were predicted by persistent depressive symptoms, even when controlling for the level of depressive symptoms at T4. Our findings indicate that those involved in the care of adolescents with CHD should remain vigilant to persistent depressive symptoms and arrange timely referral to mental healthcare services.

Keywords

Heart defectscongenitaladolescencedepressive symptomsdevelopment
Type
Original Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 26 , Issue 6 , August 2016 , pp. 1115 - 1122
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2015 

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