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Haemodynamic impact of stent implantation for lateral tunnel Fontan stenosis: a patient-specific computational assessment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 February 2015

Elaine Tang ,
Doff B. McElhinney ,
Maria Restrepo ,
Anne M. Valente  and
Ajit P. Yoganathan
Elaine Tang
Affiliation:
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
Doff B. McElhinney
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
Maria Restrepo
Affiliation:
The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
Anne M. Valente
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
Ajit P. Yoganathan*
Affiliation:
The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
*
Correspondence to: A. P. Yoganathan, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Technology Enterprise Park, Suite 200, 387 Technology Circle, Atlanta, GA 30313-2412, United States of America. Tel: +1 404-894-2849; Fax: +1 404-385-1268; E-mail: ajit.yoganathan@bme.gatech.edu
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Abstract

Background

The physiological importance of the lateral tunnel stenosis in the Fontan pathway for children with single ventricle physiology can be difficult to determine. The impact of the stenosis and stent implantation on total cavopulmonary connection resistance has not been characteriszed, and there are no clear guidelines for intervention.

Methods and results

A computational framework for haemodynamic assessment of stent implantation in patients with lateral tunnel stenosis was developed. Cardiac magnetic resonances images were reconstructed to obtain total cavopulmonary connection anatomies before stent implantation. Stents with 2-mm diameter increments were virtually implanted in each patient to understand the impact of stent diameter. Numerical simulations were performed in all geometries with patient-specific flow rates. Exercise conditions were simulated by doubling and tripling the lateral tunnel flow rate. The resulting total cavopulmonary connection vascular resistances were computed. A total of six patients (age: 14.4±3.1 years) with lateral tunnel stenosis were included for preliminary analysis. The mean baseline resistance was 1.54±1.08 WU·m2 and dependent on the stenosis diameter. It was further exacerbated during exercise. It was observed that utilising a stent with a larger diameter lowered the resistance, but the resistance reduction diminished at larger diameters.

Conclusions

Using a computational framework to assess the severity of lateral tunnel stenosis and the haemodynamic impact of stent implantation, it was observed that stenosis in the lateral tunnel pathway was associated with higher total cavopulmonary connection resistance than unobstructed pathways, which was exacerbated during exercise. Stent implantation could reduce the resistance, but the improvement was specific to the minimum diameter.

Keywords

Congenital heart diseaseFontan proceduremagnetic resonance imagingcomputational modelling
Type
Original Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 26 , Supplement 1 , January 2016 , pp. 116 - 126
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2015 

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