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Hyperlactataemia as a predictor of adverse outcomes post-cardiac surgery in neonates with congenital heart disease

Part of: Surgery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2021

Eleonore Valencia Open the ORCID record for Eleonore Valencia [Opens in a new window] ,
Steven J. Staffa ,
Meena Nathan ,
Melissa Smith-Parrish ,
Aditya K. Kaza ,
James A. DiNardo  and
Viviane G. Nasr Open the ORCID record for Viviane G. Nasr [Opens in a new window]
Eleonore Valencia
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Steven J. Staffa
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Meena Nathan
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Melissa Smith-Parrish
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Aditya K. Kaza
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
James A. DiNardo
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Viviane G. Nasr*
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Viviane G. Nasr, MD; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail: viviane.nasr@childrens.harvard.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the discriminative ability of hyperlactataemia for early morbidity and mortality in neonates with CHD following cardiac surgery.

Methods:

Retrospective, observational study of neonates who underwent cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass at a tertiary care children’s hospital from June 2015 to June 2019. The primary predictor was lactate. The primary composite outcome was defined as ≥1 of the following: cardiac arrest or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation within 72 hours or 30-day mortality post-operatively. The secondary outcome was the presence of major residual lesions, according to the Technical Performance Score.

Results:

Of 432 neonates, 28 (6.5%) sustained the composite outcome. On univariate analysis, peak lactate within 48 hours, increase in lactate from ICU admission through 12 hours, and single ventricle physiology were significantly associated with the composite outcome. The peak lactate occurred at a median of 2.9 hours (interquartile range: 1, 35) before the event. Through multi-variable analysis, a multi-variable risk algorithm was created. Predicted probabilities demonstrated an increasing risk based on single ventricle status and delta lactate, ranging from 1.8% (95% CI: 0.9, 3.9) to 52.4% (95% CI: 32.4, 71.7). The model had good discriminative ability for the composite outcome on receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.89). Moreover, a peak lactate of 7.3 mmol/l or greater was significantly associated with the presence of a major residual lesion (odds ratios: 5.16, 95% CI: 3.01, 8.87).

Conclusions:

We present a simple, two-variable model, including delta lactate in the immediate post-operative period and single ventricle status, to prognosticate the risk of early morbidity and mortality in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery for potential intervention.

Keywords

NeonateCHDcardiac surgeryhyperlactataemiacritical care outcomes
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 31 , Issue 9 , September 2021 , pp. 1401 - 1406
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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