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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 August 2008
We describe an eleven-year-old boy with severe retardation in physical growth and severe rheumatic valvar disease. At surgery, a sample of the atrial appendage showed Aschoff nodules, although no antecedent of rheumatic fever was recorded. The patient was HLA-DR5 positive. The case emphasizes the strong association of malnutrition with severe rheumatic heart disease in northeast Brazil.