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Open field stress testing: finally an optimal method in young children? Reference values for mobile cardiopulmonary exercise testing in healthy children aged 4–8 years

Part of: Metabolic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2021

Philipp Kalden Open the ORCID record for Philipp Kalden [Opens in a new window] ,
Isabelle Schoeffl ,
Kathrin Rottermann ,
Florian Loeffelbein ,
Anna Michaelis ,
Franziska Markel ,
Susann Brosig ,
Roman Antonin Gebauer ,
Ingo Daehnert  and
Christian Paech Open the ORCID record for Christian Paech [Opens in a new window]
Philipp Kalden*
Affiliation:
Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
Isabelle Schoeffl
Affiliation:
Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Kathrin Rottermann
Affiliation:
Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Florian Loeffelbein
Affiliation:
Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
Anna Michaelis
Affiliation:
Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
Franziska Markel
Affiliation:
Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
Susann Brosig
Affiliation:
Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
Roman Antonin Gebauer
Affiliation:
Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
Ingo Daehnert
Affiliation:
Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
Christian Paech
Affiliation:
Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
*
Author for correspondence: P. Kalden, Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289Leipzig, Germany. Tel: +49-341-8651036; Fax: +49-341-8651143. E-mail: Philipp.Kalden@helios-gesundheit.de
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Abstract

Introduction:

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing represents the diagnostic tool for determining cardiopulmonary function. Especially in small children, exercise testing is extremely challenging. To address this problem, field testing has been implemented using small mobile devices. This study aims at using this protocol for developing normal values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in very young children.

Material and methods:

Healthy children aged 4–8 years were recruited. All children were tested according to an outdoor protocol, in which they were instructed to walk, then run slowly, then a little harder and at last run at full speed. Each step lasted for 2 minutes, except the last step, in which the children were instructed to maintain as long as possible.

Results:

A total of 104 children (64 female/35 male, mean age 6.6 years) performed outdoor cardiopulmonary exercise testing using a mobile device. Almost all tests were completed successfully (95%). Despite a predominance of female study subjects, anthropometric values did not differ between boys and girls. V̇O2peak/kg, respiratory exchange ratio, VT1, heart rate at VT1, and time of exercise were also comparable between sexes. Generally, a tendency of higher maximal oxygen uptake could be observed in older children.

Conclusion:

Open field mobile cardiopulmonary exercise testing represents a novel approach in very young children. In this study, we were able to determine normal values of maximal oxygen uptake and OUES/kg for 4–8-year-old children. The method is easy to achieve and safe.

Keywords

CHDopen field stress testingexercise testing
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 32 , Issue 10 , October 2022 , pp. 1598 - 1602
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

Philipp Kalden and Isabelle Schoeffl contributed equally to this publication.

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